MOL Tankship Management (Asia) Pte Ltd.

Welcome to the OSHAS Training

By

Capt. R. Joshi

• OHSAS is an international standard for Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Specification.

• The version currently being implemented in MOLTA is OHSAS: 2007.

• This standard is used for creating an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSH system).

• The main aim is to provide a common, internationally certifiable OH&S specification that could be applied Worldwide.

Ø Is now a Standard similar to ISO 9001 and 14001Ø It is not industry specificØ Describes good management practice but does not

state how procedures and controls are to be operated

Ø Does not state specific OH&S performance criteriaØ Is applicable to small or large organizationsØ Is applicable to any industry, organization or

activities

There are 4 main clauses in OHSAS as follows:

1. Scope

2. Reference publications

3. Terms & definitions

4. OSH Management system requirements

Under OSH Management system requirements (Clause 4) there are 6 clauses as follows:

4.1 General Requirements,

4.2 OSH Policy

4.3 Planning,

4.4 Implementation and Operation

4.5 Checking

4.6 Management Review

Occupational Health & Safety

Conditions and factors that effect the well being of employees, temporary workers, contractor personnel, visitors and any other person in the work place.

Any Physical Location in which work related activities are performed under the control of the organization.

Note: When giving considering to what constitutes a workplace, the organization should take into account the OSH effects on personnel who are, for example, travelling or in transit (driving, flying, on boats or trains), working at the premises of a client or customer or working at home.

It is a system that includes the following elements:

1. A safety policy 2. A programme for training and ensuring competency 3. A framework for involving employees in the management of OHS 4. The collection, analysis and reporting of safety performance data 5. The identification of hazards in the workplace 6. The assessment of the risk they pose to people 7. The elimination or control of those risks 8. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the control measures 9. Arrangements for emergency preparations and response 10. Systems for monitoring the effectiveness of OHS arrangements 11. Systems for monitoring the health of workers 12. Systems for the reporting and investigation of accidents / incident 13. Controls over documents and records 14. A programme of internal audits and management review to ensure that the system

continues to meet objectives and requirements

Basic Elements of OHSAS• Individual responsibility • Joint occupational health and safety committee • Health and safety rules • Correct work procedures • Employee orientation • Training • Workplace inspections • Reporting and investigating accidents • Emergency procedures • Medical and first aid • Health and safety promotion • Workplace specific items

• When we do a GAP analysis to find out what is the difference between the existing Management system and that required by OHSAS standards, the main areas identified are as follows:

• A). Policy• B). Top Management involvement & commitment.• C). Additional emphasis on Hazard identification & Risk Assessment.• D). Inclusion of visitors and contractors into the exposure hours,

injury monitoring and data analysis.• E). Workplace hazards & Emergency preparedness requirements. • F). Employee Involvement and Representation.• G). Monitoring OSH Effectiveness.• H). Legal Requirements.

As you can see the main emphasis is upon hazard identification, risk assessment and risk elimination, health monitoring, emergency preparedness & accident / incident investigations. Risks also include risks originating outside the workplace capable of adversely affecting the safety & health of people within the workplace.

You may think that so what’s new we are already doing this – yes that’s true because of industry requirements we are already following certain elements from OSH. It however needs to be fine tuned in certain elements and additional efforts towards other elements.

• OSHAS gives requirements for an occupational safety and health management system, to enable organizations to control its OH&S risks and improve its performance.

• It does not state specific OH&S performance criteria, nor does it give detailed specifications for the design of a management system

• Aims for:-• Preventing accidents & ill health• Emergency preparedness

4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control• The organization shall establish, implement and maintain procedure(s) for

the ongoing identification, risk assessment and determination of necessary controls.

• In other words.....• The organization shall construct a (document) list that includes all work

hazards, risk assessment of each hazard, and the required measures for controlling the risk of each hazard. The list shall at least include:

a). Hazards reported by the manufacturers of all material, equipment, and tools used at the organization.

b). Hazards reported by workersc). Hazards identified by incidents/accidentsd). Hazards identified by any non-conformances to safety standards,

regulations or other requirements

• Products

• Materials and their properties

• Work processes and procedures

• Equipment

• Personnel

• Workplace and location

• Natural environment, climatic conditions

• External / interested parties

Identify all Hazards

& Loss Exposures

Evaluate the Risk

Develop Controls

Implement Controls

Review Adequacyof Controls

vPhysical

vChemical

vBiological

vErgonomics

Physical Hazards

• Noise• Vibration• Radiation• Temperature• Pressure, Velocity, Height• Electricity• Physical characteristics

Chemical Hazards

v Explosivesv Flammable liquidsv Corrosives v Oxidizing materialsv Toxic, carcinogenic, substancesv Gases and air particulate matter

Biological Hazards

o Biological wastes (blood, fluids, etc.)o Drugs (antibiotics, marijuana)o Viruses, bacteriao Parasites, insectso Poisonous or diseased plants, animalso Animalso Improperly handled foodo Contaminated Water

Ergonomic HazardsA. Physical:-

• Poor work, task design• Repetitive motion• Prolonged sitting• Poor layout• Poor posture• Improper lifting and handling

B. Environmental:-

• Poor lighting, glare• Poor ventilation• Poor temperature control• Poor humidity control

Ergonomic Hazards….

C. Psycho-social

• Work rest cycles• Violence, discrimination• Extraneous stress• Un-even work load• Lack of personnel space• Poor inter staff relationships

When determining controls, or considering changes to existing controls, consideration shall be given to reducing risks according to the following hierarchy:

1. Elimination2. Substitution3. Engineering Controls4. Signage / Warnings & administrative controls.5. Personal Protective Equipment.

The idea behind this hierarchy is that the control methods at the top of the list are potentially more effective and protective than those at the bottom.

• Elimination and substitution, while most effective at reducing hazards, also tend to be the most difficult to implement in an existing process.

• If the process is still at the design or development stage, elimination and substitution of hazards may be inexpensive and simple to implement. For an existing process, major changes in equipment and procedures may be required to eliminate or substitute for a hazard.

• Engineering Controls involve changes in the physical features of the workplace. When engineering solutions are not feasible, administrative controls offer methods to reduce the exposure of workers to the identified hazard.

• If administrative controls are not available, work practice controls should be considered and finally personal protective equipment (PPE).

• The preferred method for controlling ergonomics hazards is through engineering techniques. When the design of the workplace reduces the magnitude of risk factors, the likelihood of injury/illness is lessened.

• As an example Engineering controls might include changing the weight of objects, changing work surface heights, or purchasing lifting aids.

• As an example for hearing loss prevention purposes, engineering controls are defined as any modification or replacement of equipment, or related physical change at the noise source or along the transmission path that reduces the noise level at the employee's ear.

Please note that hearing protectors do not constitute an Engineering control.Typical engineering controls will involve:• 1. Reducing noise at the source - Installing a muffler.• 2. Interrupting the noise path - Erecting acoustical enclosures and barriers• 3. Reducing reverberation - Installing sound absorbing material.• 4. Reducing structure-borne vibration - Installing vibration pads and providing proper lubrication.

To use this example for explaining how OSH works – let us say we install a sound proof booth for the above then what aspects shall we require to address??

1. Work posture (sitting, standing, bending) 2. Environmental factors must be considered. 3. EF = Lighting, heating, and cooling must ensure comfort and be sufficient to prevent reduction in

efficiency and work quality. 4. Enclosures should be of adequate size.5. The Enclosure must have enough window area to prevent claustrophobia. 6. The windows should be positioned carefully to enhance proper usage by employees. 7. The window glass may need to be tilted to prevent glare.

• Administrative controls are workplace policy, procedures, and practices that minimize the exposure of workers to risk conditions. They are considered less effective than engineering controls in that they do not usually eliminate the hazard. Rather, they lessen the duration and frequency of exposure to the risk condition. Administrative controls are applied when the cost or practicalities of engineering controls are prohibitive.

• Examples of administrative controls include work permits, rest breaks, additional employees performing a lifting task, and housekeeping for tools and work areas.

• As an example, for Hearing loss prevention, Administrative controls that may be used are changes in the work schedule or operations which reduce noise exposure.

• Operating a noisy machine on the second or third shift when fewer people are exposed, or shifting an employee to a less noisy job once a hazardous daily noise limit has been reached.

• Work breaks in quiet areas where employees can gain relief from workplace noise. Areas used for work-breaks and lunch rooms located away from noise.

• The least effective controls are PPE as the worker is still exposed to the risk factor.

What will be the Employee Responsibilities ??

• Because the employees who operate or maintain and repair the equipment are often the ones who know most about the processes involved, they need to express their concerns and ideas to management.

• This should be done through the OSH Employee representatives.

• This will ensure that the noise-control devices will be as practical and effective as possible.

• Employees also have the responsibility of learning to operate their machines with the noise controls in place, of maintaining the controls properly, and of notifying the appropriate personnel when additional maintenance is needed.

Individual OH&S responsibilitiesHealth and safety is the joint responsibility of management and employees / workers. Management is

accountable for non-compliance to health and safety legislation. All health and safety activities are based on specific individual responsibilities.

Responsibility may be defined as an individual's obligation to carry out assigned duties. Individual responsibilities apply to every employee in the workplace, including the Managing Director or

equivalently the Ship’s Captain and Chief Engineer.

To fulfil their individual responsibilities, the people must: a). know what these responsibilities are b). have sufficient authority to carry them out c). have the required ability and competence

Examples of responsibilities of workers include: a). using personal protection and safety equipment as required by the employer b). following safe work procedures c). knowing and complying with all regulations d). reporting any injury or illness immediately e). reporting unsafe acts and unsafe conditions f). participating in health and safety committees

More requirements• 4.4.3.2 Participation and consultation.• The organisation shall establish, implement & maintain a procedure(s) for• a). The participation of workers by their:

- appropriate involvement in hazard identification, risk assessment and determination of controls.

- appropriate involvement in incident investigation.- involvement in the development and review of OSH policies and

objectives.- consultation where there are any changes that affect their OSH and- representation on OSH matters.

Workers shall be informed about their participation arrangements, including who is their representative(s) on OSH matters.

b). Consultation with contractors where there are changes that affect their OSH. The organisation shall ensure that when appropriate, relevant external interested parties are consulted about pertinent OSH matters.Interested Party: Person or group inside or outside the workplace concerned with or affected by the OSH performance of an organisation.

1) Proactive OH&S Management - Reduced OH&S Risk

Management reduces OH&S risk by having a management system in place that clearly defines

roles and performance metrics. Improves compliance with OH&S legal requirements and helps

organizations become more proactive in managing OH&S issues.

2) Save Money

Provides a tool to identify and act on cost reduction initiatives related to OH&S expenses (WSIB

premiums, lost productivity, fines, etc).

3) Marketing & Goodwill Opportunity

OHSAS 18001 registration will have some customers and employees perceiving management as

being proactive, responsible and serious about OH&S concerns.

4) Continuous Improvement

OHSAS 18000 provides a tool to identify and act on cost takeout and other improvement

opportunities. OHSAS 18001 requires the Management Team to be more responsible for

continuous improvement

Identify Identify Determine Hazards & Risks Legal Requirements OH&S Objectives

Employees Your Business Regulatory

Hearing, Routine activities National Manage OH & S ObjectivesEyes/ Sight, Non-routine activities Municipal Responsibly

Body/ limbs, Activities involving Reduce Hazards & RisksLungs, employees Ensure Legal Diligence

Long term health visitors & contractors

Support Processes of OHSAS 18001

Mgmt Resp. & Review

Emergency Preparedness

Information Flow & control

Record Mgmt

OH & S Planning TrainingCorr & Prev

ActionInternal Audits

Operational Control

Consultation & Communication

The trick is to do it in a cost-effective and user-friendly manner. The system needs to be low-impact in terms of the time needed to maintain it.

1. What is OSH ?An Occupational Safety and Health Management System.

2. What are the main points?Conditions and factors that affect or could affect the safety and health of employees, Or other workers, visitors or other person at the workplace.

3. How is it done?By Hazard identification, Risk assessment, risk mitigation corrective preventive actions & control measures.

4. What is preventive action?Action to prevent occurrence.

5. What is corrective action?Action to prevent re-occurrence.

6. Is that all??No – additionally by monitoring the effectiveness of controls and through continual improvement.

7. Who are the OSH Management Representatives?Mr. S. Yoshida OSHMR & Mr. H. Kubo is the secondary OSHMR.8. Who are the Osh Employee Representatives?

M/s Hazel Cheung & Mr. Sanjeev N. Kurungodan.9. What is the role of OSH Employee Representatives?

To ensure employee involvement in OSH matters.To represent employees & convey OSH matters from employees

to Management and from Management to Employees. Educate employees on OSH matters.

Thank You Folks !!