Unlocking Mysteries of the

Arctic

Woods Hole Research Center

149 Woods Hole RoadFalmouth, MA 02540

508.444.1521 www.whrc.org

Our MissionTo advance scientific discovery and seek science-based solutions for the world’senvironmental and economic challenges through research and education onforests, soils, air, and water.

Up in Flames: Our Forests at RiskLosing Cape Cod - Saving Cape CodNitrogen - Too Much of a Good ThingOur Science and Scientists

Change in the High North:Learn what permafrost, water samples, and mapping are telling our scientists about climate change.

Unlocking Mysteries of the

Arctic

in this issue

CanopyThe Magazine of the Woods Hole Research Center

Annual Report Issue Fall 2012

Woods Hole Research Center

149 Woods Hole RoadFalmouth, MA 02540

508.444.1521 www.whrc.org

Our MissionTo advance scientific discovery and seek science-based solutions for the world’senvironmental and economic challenges through research and education onforests, soils, air, and water.

featured5 Unlocking Mysteries of the Arctic7 Losing Cape Cod - Saving Cape Cod9 Up in Flames: Our Forests at Risk11 Nitrogen–Too Much of a Good Thing13 Our Science and Scientists16 The Polaris Project

regular From the President 2 Board of Directors 3

Staff Listing 4 Financial Report 17 Our Donors 18

contents

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 20121

A Letter from the President

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 2

PRESIDENT & SENIOR SCIENTISTDr. Eric A. Davidson

COMMUNICATIONS Director of Communications: Ian VorsterPhone: 508-444-1509 Email: ivorster@whrc.org

DEVELOPMENT Acting Director of Development: Kristin McLaughlinPhone: 508-444-1512 Email: kmclaughlin@whrc.org

DESIGN Ian VorsterDenise Kergo

CONTRIBUTORS Beth BagleyEric DavidsonDenise KergoAllison B. White

PHOTOGRAPHY Chris Linder Gigi GatewoodWHRC Staff WOODS HOLE RESEARCH CENTER 149 Woods Hole RoadFalmouth, MA 02540Email: info@whrc.org Website: www.whrc.org

NEWSLETTER Subscribe online at www.whrc.org

COPYRIGHTAll material appearing in Canopy Magazine is copyright unless otherwise stated or it may rest with the provider of the supplied material. Canopy Magazine takes all care to ensure information is correct at time of printing, but the publisher accepts no responsibility or liability for the accuracy of any information contained herein.

CanopyMagazine

Annual Report Issue

There has never been a time of greater need for the science that is the signature product of the Woods Hole

Research Center. While the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is making halting progress on a unified protocol that is projected to take effect in 2020, the brutal truth is that the UNFCCC has failed to make an appreciable dent in greenhouse gas emissions. Climate and the environment were barely mentioned in the US election season of 2012—before Hurricane Sandy struck. And yet, left unchecked, the current trajectory of climate change will carry us beyond the envelope of historic climatic stability that made agriculture and human civilization possible. At the same time, pressures are growing for competing uses of land among agriculture, forestry, energy production, urbanization, water resource catchments, and natural habitats.

The Woods Hole Research Center actively and vigorously addresses these great topics of our era. Not constrained by competing and often confounding missions at universities and government laboratories, and able to nimbly assemble integrative teams of natural and social scientists and communication experts, our Center plays a uniquely pivotal role to define and communicate the need to find solutions to these environmental and economic challenges with clarity, breadth, depth, and urgency. We are committed to the vision that science, supported by world-class research and communication on forests, soils, air, and water, can empower people to insist on and create the necessary policies to find sustainable pathways for human well being in an increasingly resource-limited world.

Pursuing this vision requires both a global perspective and local knowledge of how ecosystems function and how people benefit from and modify those ecosystems. We simultaneously measure through fieldwork, map with the help of satellite imagery, and model with a view to anticipating future trends. As the human impact on the planet grows, we keep track of what is happening to the land, identifying for society the hotspots and consequences of change, from the thawing permafrost in the Arctic to the expanding agricultural regions of the tropics. We merge natural science with social and economic science to discover paths for human prosperity and sustainability of the Earth’s natural resources.

The global reach of the Woods Hole Research Center is impressively demonstrated by the range of new projects that we initiated in the past year in the forests of Mexico, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Brazil, Indonesia, Russia, Canada, and the USA. We design our research to include local partners, improving their capacities to conduct research and build policy. Finally, we communicate these insights both to the scientific community, thus advancing scientific discovery, and to non-scientific audiences who are seeking science-based solutions to the most pressing environmental and economic issues of the day.

I thank our many dedicated supporters and I invite those new to the WHRC to join us in our pursuit of science that makes a difference.

Sincerely,

Eric A. DavidsonPresident and Senior Scientist

Board of DirectorsCANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 20123

This list reflects Directors on the Board between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012.

Chair

Wilhelm MerckManaging Member, Essex Timber CompanyTreasurer, Merck Family Fund

Vice Chair

Thomas E. LovejoyBiodiversity Chair,H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment

Treasurer

Joseph R. RobinsonManaging Director, MidMark Capital

John H. AdamsFounding Director, Natural Resources Defense Council

Stephen T. CurwoodHost, Living On Earth,World Media Foundation

Eric A. DavidsonPresident, Woods Hole Research Center

Iris FangerDance & Theater Historian and Critic

Scott J. GoetzDeputy Director, Senior ScientistWoods Hole Research Center

Joshua R. GoldbergGeneral Counsel and Managing DirectorFinanco, Inc.

Stuart GoodePrivate Investor

David HawkinsDirector, Climate CenterNatural Resources Defense Council

Robert Max HolmesSenior Scientist, Woods Hole Research Center

Lily Rice HsiaConsultant, Mather & Hsia

Lawrence S. HuntingtonChairman EmeritusFiduciary Trust International

Karen C. LambertEnvironmentalist, Political Activist

Victoria LowellCommunity Leader, Conservationist

Merloyd LudingtonPublisher & Editor,Merloyd Lawrence Books

William MoomawProfessor of International Environmental Policy, Tufts University

Mary Louise MontgomeryCommunity Leader, Conservationist

Jeremy OppenheimDirector, Sustainability & Resource ProductivityMcKinsey & Company

Amy ReganPresident, Harbourton Foundation

Constance R. RooseveltConservationist

Gordon RussellPartner, Sequoia Capital

Tedd SaundersPresident, Eco-Logical SolutionsChief Sustainability Officer,The Saunders Hotel Group

Of CounselNeal A. BrownPartnerBalber Pickard Maldonado & Van Der Tuin, PC

Founder

George M. Woodwell

Honorary Directors

Anita W. Brewer-SiljeholmJohn CantlonJoel HornJames MacNeillGilman OrdwayRoss SandlerHelen B. SpauldingJ.G. SpethRobert G. StantonM.S. SwaminathanOla Ullsten

New Board Members

William Moomaw is Professor of International Environmental Policy at Tufts University’s Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, director of the Center for International Environment and Resource Policy, the Tufts Climate Initiative, and co-founder of the Global Development and Environment Institute.

Jeremy Oppenheim is the Director of Sustainability and Resource Productivity Practice at McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting firm. He advises businesses, governments, and institutions around the world with his broad expertise in renewables, energy efficiency, and environmental finance.

J. Atwood (Woody) Ives served as a trustee and later as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of KeySpan New England LLC from 1991 to 2000. He was Vice Chairman, Chief Financial Officer and a member of the Office of the Chairman of General Cinema Corporation. He is Overseer of WGBH Educational Foundation and has been a trustee of the Museum of Fine Arts – Boston. He is a founding director of Beacon Hill Village, a director of United Way of Massachusetts Bay and the Massachusetts Business Roundtable.

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 4

StaffRetiring Board Members

George M. Woodwell is the Founder of the Woods Hole Research Center and has served as its Director, and Director Emeritus. Dr. Woodwell holds a doctorate in botany from Duke University, is the recipient of the 1996 Heinz Environmental Award and the Volvo Environment Prize of 2001, and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Mary Louise Montgomery served in various capacities on the WHRC Board from its earliest days. Her special interest lay in informing the local population of the WHRC research and its relevancy. She earned a graduate degree in non-profit management from Radcliffe College, and spent several decades in leadership roles with conservation foundations, including the Monadnock Conservancy, southwestern New Hampshire’s premier land trust.

Gordon W. Russell served on the WHRC Board for 13 years. He held senior management positions in the biomedical and healthcare industries and served as board chairman of the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, among many other trusteeships. He is a graduate of Dartmouth College, where he also holds an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters.

Neal Brown is an attorney with the New York firm of Balber Pickard Maldonado & Van Der Tuin and was Counsel to the WHRC Board of Directors for 27 years. He is a graduate of Hamilton College and University of Michigan Law School, and is a recognized expert on land preservation.

This list reflects those on staff between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012. Please visit www.whrc.org for a current roster.

President

Eric A. Davidson, Ph.D.

Deputy Director

Scott J. Goetz, Ph.D.

Science Staff

Alessandro Baccini, Ph.D.Pieter Beck, Ph.D.Logan T. Berner, M.S. Jesse Bishop, M.S.I. Foster Brown, Ph.D.Ekaterina Bulygina, M.S.Glenn K. Bush, Ph.D.Oliver Cartus, Ph.D.Andrea D. de Almeida Castanho, Ph.D.Leandro Castello, Ph.D.Michael T. Coe, Ph.D.Tina A. Cormier, M.S.Jill Derwin, M.E.M.Gregory J. Fiske, M.S.Carol Franco, Ph.D.Gillian L. Galford, Ph.D.Nora Greenglass, M.E.M.Kevin Guay, B.S.Joseph L. Hackler, M.A.Robert Max Holmes, Ph.D.Richard A. Houghton, Ph.D.Holly Hughes, B.S.Patrick Jantz, B.S.Wendy Kingerlee, B.S.Josef M. Kellndorfer, Ph.D.

Nadine T. Laporte, Ph.D.Paul A. Lefebvre, M.A.Michael M. Loranty, Ph.D.Marcia N. Macedo, Ph.D.Paul James Mann, Ph.D.David G. McGrath, Ph.D.Kilaparti Ramakrishna, Ph.D.Kathleen Savage, M.Sc.Robert G.M. Spencer, Ph.D. Chloe Starr, B.S.Thomas A. Stone, M.A.Emma Suddick, Ph.D.Mindy Sun, M.S.Wayne S. Walker, Ph.D.George M. Woodwell, Ph.D.Scott Zolkos, B.A.

Administrative Staff

Elizabeth H. Bagley, B.A.Tracy A. Barquinero, M.S.Florence Carlowicz, B.A.Lisa Cavanaugh, B.A.Annalisa EisenMichael Ernst, M.F.A.Stanley HammondL. Lisa Hong, M.B.A, C.P.A.Constance J. JohnsonDenise KergoDuane H. MartinJoyce McAuliffe, B.S.Kristin Powell McLaughlin, M.S.Lisa Strock O’Connell, B.S.Fred PalmerMelanie B. Powers, M.S.M.Camille M. Romano, M.S., C.P.A.Ian Vorster, M.S.Allison B. White

Geographically remote and often shrouded in snow, ice, and darkness, the Arctic remains a

place of mystery and adventure. While reflected throughout literature and history, the lure of the Arctic also applies to modern science. Many of the most significant unanswered questions about how the world works are centered on the Arctic, including its complex interactions of physical, biological, and human components. This remote area now finds itself at the epicenter of global climate change, including surprisingly rapid responses to warming. These changes will have a huge influence on the Earth’s climate system – as well as on humans – in the coming decades.

Scientific studies have demonstrated that the Arctic is warming at a rate that is two to three times faster than the global average. This temperature increase

directly impacts the vast amounts of arctic permafrost – permanently frozen soil that has been undisturbed for thousands of years – now thawing at accelerated rates. In a spinning feedback loop, thawing permafrost could release potentially billions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, further raising global temperatures and further increasing the speed at which the remaining permafrost will melt. Scientists estimate that global permafrost stocks contain four times more carbon than the entire global forest biomass, and twice the amount currently contained in our atmosphere. The rapid release of this heat trapping gas will continue to feed the global warming loop unless rapid arctic warming is contained.

Perhaps more than any other area of the Earth, the Arctic functions as a system, with land, water, atmosphere, and ocean tightly coupled. That is, change in any part of the system will impact not only all other parts of the Arctic but also the entire global climate system. As a result, focused disciplinary studies – which historically have been the norm – are not adequate to understand the Arctic as a whole, nor its implications for global change. Rather, collaborations by a diverse blend of scientists are required to gain a holistic understanding of how the Arctic is being

Unlocking Mysteriesof the Arctic

DR. MAX HOLMESDR. SCOTT GOETZ

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 20125

False color Landsat image, Kolyma River, Siberia Credit: Greg Fiske

Permafrost CoreCredit: Lindsay Parkinson

Perhaps more than any other area of the Earth, the Arctic functions as a system, with land, water, atmosphere, and ocean tightly coupled.

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 6

Yukon River, Alaska Credit: USGS

impacted by global climate change, and in turn how these changes will influence the global climate system.

The Woods Hole Research Center is positioned to take a leadership role in the quest to unravel the scientific mysteries of the Arctic, and anticipate its corresponding effects on the Earth’s climate. One-third of the WHRC research staff is engaged in Arctic System science in Alaska, Canada, and Siberia. Terrestrial ecologists drill cores into trees to investigate past climate and how changes are impacting the vulnerability and the viability of the

boreal forest. Soil scientists drill cores into permafrost to discover how recent changes relate to longer-term historical changes and to assess what is likely to occur in the next few decades. Aquatic biogeochemists sample rivers, lakes, estuaries and the coastal ocean to take advantage of the integrative nature of these water bodies as signatures of change. Remote sensing experts use satellites to extend field measurements to the landscape and to map and monitor change over expansive arctic areas. Earth system modelers use satellite and field measurements to develop

models that incorporate predictions of what is likely to happen in the years ahead. Our multidisciplinary teams of leading scientists collaborate with each other as well as with prominent scientists around the world. Together they integrate knowledge to gain a greater understanding of the complexities of the Arctic System and to communicate the urgency of understanding how rapid changes underway in the Arctic will affect the Earth’s climate.

We live in a time when human actions are the dominant force on the planet. Of particular

concern is the increased use of fossil fuels and the resulting climatic destabilization due to warming, sea level rise, droughts, and a greater frequency of storms.

Although much of WHRC’s research is focused on the wide-ranging, global impacts of these threats, we also study their impact on Cape Cod. With a population of 225,000 spread across 400 square miles, Cape Cod has a unique geographic identity that lends itself to a study of Cape-wide energy budgets, trends in land use, and risks of climate change.

Using the most recent data available (2005), WHRC has developed the new Losing Cape Cod - Saving Cape Cod map, portraying some dramatic trends that have occurred since the 1950s. During this period, the combined acreage of forest, cropland, pastures, cranberry bogs, and

open land was reduced by nearly 50%. In the same 54-year period, residential and commercial acreage increased by 228%. Although development has slowed somewhat in recent years, the Cape will have to deal with traffic and wastewater consequences of this building boom for decades. And, because of this rapid growth, one particular effect of climate change - sea level rise - will become even more of a challenge.

Climate change is more than global warming. Warming increases rates of evaporation, adding more warm moisture to the air - the fuel for stronger storms. Warming is also accompanied by sea level

Losing Cape CodSaving Cape CodTOM STONE

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 20127

rise – caused by melting of the world’s glaciers and ice caps and by expansion of ocean water as it warms. The shores of Cape Cod are part of an area recently designated as a “hotspot” of sea level rise, where scientists have found that over the past 20 years, sea levels have risen three to four times faster than the global average.

1951 2005

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 8

This map shows areas of Cape Cod that would be inundated by sea level rise of up to 2 meters (6.5 feet).

Global predictions show that by 2100 we can expect an average sea level rise from one to six feet, which could be even higher for “hotspot” areas. Stronger storms fueled by warming now paint a threatening picture, as the effects of sea-level rise are compounded by damage from waves and storm surges. The modeling of a massive hurricane that occurred in 1635 showed a surge of 16 to 22 feet in Buzzards Bay and 8 to 12 feet in parts of Vineyard Sound, similar to what took place in the Great New England Hurricane of 1938.

Certain effects of sea level rise can be mitigated by proper zoning to prevent development in flood-prone areas. Our new Losing Cape Cod - Saving Cape Cod

map points out many of the areas likely to be most affected. NOAA estimates that 7% of the Cape’s critical facilities, such as schools, medical facilities, fire/police stations, communications towers, and 8% of its roads - over 300 miles - are in the current floodplain. Methods to “save” existing development include elevating structures above predicted flood levels, landscaping that reinforces coastal banks, and constructing or stabilizing dunes. Despite these efforts, a three-foot sea level rise could potentially destroy many of Cape Cod’s salt marshes and severely alter the estuarine ecosystem.

The ultimate solution to saving Cape Cod is to arrest or slow climate change

by weaning society from its current dependence on fossil fuels and by ending deforestation around the world. Cape Cod has the potential to contribute to this effort by becoming largely self-sufficient in renewable energy production. The Woods Hole Research Center contributes by burning no fossil fuels on campus and by producing much of our own electricity with a wind turbine and solar panels. Together we can act locally and globally to reduce fossil fuel use, take advantage of renewable energy resources, consider climate change impacts in planning, and preserve the natural protection afforded by sand dunes, barriers beaches, coastal vegetation, and forests.

Up in Flames: Our Forests at Risk

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 20129

Low water level in Lake Mead, Arizona - Credit: USGS

Dry streambed - Credit: USGS

A major concern for the coming decades is that humans are creating conditions that will greatly increase the frequency of strong fires and widespread tree mortality.

Corn field during heavy drought

Wildfire in Colorado that burned over 46,000 acres

DR. MICHAEL T. COEDR. SCOTT GOETZ

In the relatively wet Amazon basin, forest fires are almost always caused by humans. They are generally the result of burning forests to clear land for new pastures or of burning old pastures

to rejuvenate grasses. These intentionally set fires often escape into nearby forests, triggering larger scale fires. This has become a significant problem in the southern and eastern Amazon region, where fires commonly damage tens of thousands of acres of forest per year. In contrast, fires in North America are often caused naturally, usually when lightning strikes dry forests. Humans also contribute by starting accidental fires and by managing forests in ways that can produce less frequent but much larger fires.

Once started, the process of forest degradation by fire can be self-perpetuating. After a fire, more dead wood and leaves accumulate on the ground as trees die, and more sunlight reaches the ground, further drying the dead wood and also promoting growth of invasive grasses. Trees and shrubs that are adapted to a fire-prone environment also begin to flourish. All of these changes further elevate a forest’s flammability, making previously burned forests more likely to burn again.

By itself, drought can be an important cause of forest degradation. Episodic strong droughts can kill large trees via

water stress, which has been occurring in the Amazon over the last decade. Drought and higher temperatures can also create conditions for insect infestations that subsequently kill trees, as the bark beetle has been doing for the past decade throughout vast areas of evergreen forests in the western US and Canada.

However, it is the synergy between drought and fire that is most destructive. Fire intensity and frequency increase significantly in years of severe drought. Fires occurring in drought years are capable of greater forest destruction because drought conditions create much warmer temperatures at the forest floor, thereby drying the dead wood and leaves that fuel the fires. In the Amazon, drought and heat waves also create much warmer nighttime temperatures, which reduces the amount of dew and allows fires to burn through the night. In drought years, individual fires can damage millions of acres of forest and leave giant scars visible from space. In the coterminous US, 7.7 million acres - the most ever recorded - burned during the severe drought of 2012.

A major concern for the coming decades is that humans are creating conditions that will greatly increase the frequency of strong fires and widespread tree mortality. This is true throughout the Americas – from the tropical Amazon, to temperate forests in the western US, to the boreal evergreen woodlands in Alaska and Canada. Continuing human-induced deforestation and

fragmentation create forest “edges,” which are hotter and dryer and therefore more susceptible to fire. Human-induced climate change is almost certainly increasing the frequency of moderate to severe drought and, as a result, increasing the occurrence of intense fires. Furthermore, the destruction of forests releases carbon dioxide, a heat-trapping gas, and contributes to rising average global temperatures and more extreme droughts. Thus a feedback occurs, leading to fires that are increasingly greater in scope and frequency.

Forest ecosystem destruction through degradation, fire, and drought is increasing markedly as a result of human decisions and actions. Without strong efforts to curb deforestation and climate change in the near future, a threshold could be reached such that the composition of vast portions of the tropical, temperate, and boreal forests of the Americas will be transformed. Our science is advancing the understanding of drought-fire synergies so that effective solutions to the challenge of conserving forests can be identified.

Landsat Photo: Wallow Fire, Arizona

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 10

In the coterminous US, 7.7 million acres - the most ever recorded - burned

during the severe drought of 2012.

Nitrogen: Too Much of a Good Thing

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 201211

Solutions for a nitrogen-soaked world.

DR. ERIC A. DAVIDSON

When it comes to growing plants, whether in a garden, lawn, forest, or farm, nitrogen is a

good thing and an essential nutrient. However, one can have too much of a good thing, including too much nitrogen (N). On average, only about half of the N applied to farms is used by the crops, while the other half inadvertently contaminates the air, rivers, and groundwater. In the last 50 years, use of fertilizers in agriculture and burning of fossil fuels in industry and transportation have greatly increased the release of N to the environment, with serious implications for human health, biodiversity, and air and water quality.

Climate change will contribute additional challenges to the excess N problem for both people and ecosystems: • Higher air temperatures will complicate

air quality policies, because larger reductions in nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles and industry will be needed to achieve the same reductions of ozone pollution under the higher temperatures, which has harmful impacts on human health and crop productivity. Climate change is projected to lengthen the ozone pollution season, accentuating multiple air quality stresses during the spring and fall respiratory viral and asthma seasons.

• Changes in river flow, due to both drought and extreme storms, will impact the amount of N pollution entering rivers and estuaries, making blooms of harmful or nuisance algae more likely.

• Rising temperatures will increase noxious ammonia emissions from manure in livestock production systems.

• Both climate change and N pollution provoke losses of biodiversity in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, because nutrient enrichment favors fast-growing, non-native species.

Reducing nitrogen pollution would help slow impending climate impacts and would reduce other risks to human health and ecosystem health. To date, the greatest success has been through Clean Air Act

enforcement, which has dramatically reduced industrial and transportation of emissions from smokestack and combustion sources. Agriculture holds the greatest promise for further reductions in nitrogen emissions. Applying current practices and technologies could reduce N pollution from farm and livestock operations by 30 to 50 percent, including better management of fertilizer timing and application rates, planting winter cover crops, and through the promotion of wetlands and streamside vegetation to remove excess N. However, additional efforts are needed to provide education and economic incentives for more widespread adoption of these practices.

A recent EPA study showed that the human health costs of air pollution are about $23 per kilogram of N. The cost of fisheries decline in the Gulf of Mexico is estimated to be $56 per kilogram of

Meat Free Mondays

The link between personal dietary

choices and the health of the planet

started with the ground-breaking

1970s book, Diet for a Small Planet,

and now Sir Paul McCartney’s Meat

Free Mondays organization has given

it new life. We needn’t all become

vegetarians, the organization argues,

but reducing our meat consumption

even just once per week would reduce

pollution from livestock operations,

which affects water quality, air quality,

and climate change. McCartney’s web

site features papers published by

WHRC, demonstrating that science

not only influences governmental

policy, but also grass roots movements.

According to WHRC President Eric

Davidson, “Governments could sign

on to an international treaty to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions, but they

haven’t. That means that we citizens

must lead the way by showing how our

carbon and nitrogen footprints can be

reduced by being cognizant of our

personal choices. Managing your meat

portions, the kind of meat that you

eat, and how often you eat meat, are

the most important choices that you

can make to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions from agriculture. Eating less

meat than the average person from a

developed country is good both for the

planet’s health and for your personal

health.” Dr. Davidson’s complete

statement of support can be found

on the MFM website: http://www.

meatfreemondays.com/supporters.

Solutions for a nitrogen-soaked world.

Learn more about solutions to the excess nitrogen problem while maintaining productive agriculture from recent WHRC publications:

An overview presented at the 2012 Rio+20 meeting: http://goo.gl/Jw9nP

An integrative report on excess N in the USA: http://goo.gl/yJo9A

A new report on interactions of climate change and excess nitrogen in the environment: http://goo.gl/NcKBk

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 12

N pollution. In contrast, current efforts to prevent and reduce N pollution in the Chesapeake Bay ranges from $8 - $15 per kilogram, demonstrating that prevention costs are often far less than the costs of pollution.

We can all make a contribution to improving the health of the planet and our own personal health by managing meat portions and how often we eat meat. Diets with too much red meat not only may pose increased risks of colon cancer, but large demand for meat also increases N pollution from livestock operations. Avoiding “too much of a good thing” applies to all aspects of the N cycle, from fertilizers on the farm to consumption at the dining table.

Reducing nitrogen pollution would help slow impending climate impacts and would reduce other risks to human health and ecosystem health.

The American Geophysical Union, a 50,000-member professional association of earth and space scientists, has recently named our very own Richard Houghton as a Fellow. The following is AGU’s description of how selections are made:

“To be elected a Fellow of AGU is a special tribute for those who have made exceptional scientific contributions. Nominated Fellows must have attained acknowledged eminence in the Earth and space sciences. Primary criteria for evaluation in scientific eminence are major breakthrough/discovery and paradigm shift. This designation is conferred upon not more than 0.1% of all AGU members in any given year. New Fellows are chosen by a Committee of Fellows.”

An award ceremony will be held at the Fall 2012 AGU annual meeting in San Francisco, where Dr. Houghton will receive the honor.

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 201213People & Projects

REDD in Brazil & Indonesia

A program of research and technical training is being undertaken in collaboration with the governments of Indonesia and the State of Acre, Brazil, that focuses on advancing their respective efforts to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). These two governments in particular are recognized leaders in on-the-ground implementation of REDD. With support from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, WHRC scientists are working with these governments to develop operational systems for mapping and monitoring their forest resources while helping to advance strategies for low emissions development.

ABoVEDR. SCOTT GOETZ

The Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment, which WHRC Deputy Director and Senior Scientist Scott Goetz has been involved in crafting, will take place over the next decade, with a focus on the high latitude ecosystems (boreal forest and tundra) of North America. Led by NASA’s Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems program, ABoVE will involve more than 100 scientists and at least as many research associates and students from a wide range of institutions. ABoVE research will focus on integrating

field, aircraft and satellite measurements of change and its implications for the future climate and ecosystems of the region, as well as its global significance.

MREDD+

DR. JOSEF KELLNDORFER

MREDD+ refers to a REDD+ project unfolding in Mexico comprised of a five-year, USAID-supported initiative aimed at setting solid climate change mitigation policies and strengthening those already in place. The timing is critical. Mexico has just signed a climate bill into legislation—an action that could serve as a model for the US and other countries to learn from. If MREDD+ is to be successful, it will need to evolve into a manageable and verifiable process that relies on a system of accurate measurement, reporting, and verification, or MRV. Essentially, MRV is the process of orchestrating and documenting this large scale, public-private, multi-national conservation program. WHRC is responsible for producing map data sets and other products that will support the Mexican government’s efforts to measure, report, and verify carbon stocks, develop safeguards for biodiversity conservation, and assess social impacts.

Our Science & Scientists in Brief

People & Projects

Dr. Richard “Skee” Houghton elected a Fellow of AGU

DR. WAYNE WALKERDR. ALESSANDRO BACCINIDR. I. FOSTER BROWN

Why Dissolved Organics MatterDR. ROBERT SPENCER

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the largest pools of reduced carbon on Earth, holding as much carbon as is found in all living biomass. The amount of DOM in aquatic ecosystems is also equivalent in magnitude to the amount of carbon held as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; thus small shifts in aquatic DOM cycling can exert a strong influence upon global climate. DOM is made up of a wealth of different molecules, each derived from living organisms and subsequently altered in the environment by biological, physical, and chemical processes. Decoding the complex information DOM holds is casting new light upon the biogeochemical cycles on Earth. WHRC scientists are leading this endeavor, utilizing novel measurements to examine not only how much DOM is present, but also the role it plays in the environment and how man-made structures such as major dams impact this key component of the global carbon cycle.

Saving CongoForestsDR. NADINE LAPORTEDR. GLENN BUSH

The goal of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) project is to enhance in country technical and policy capacity at the national and local levels to reduce future carbon emissions from deforestation. Approximately 80% of the remaining dense, humid forest of Africa lies within the DRC. Funded by the Congo Basin Forest Fund, the WHRC project is one of six pilot studies to help design a national REDD strategy for the DRC. WHRC will implement development programs and monitor environmental, social, and economic impacts, testing pathways to achieve forest conservation, while

promoting economic development in the province of Equateur. The planned partnership with government officials, local communities, universities, and local NGOs provides a unique platform to advance knowledge on forest conservation by sharing results from ongoing scientific research through technical workshops and forest conservation policy forums.

Amazon FisheriesDR. DAVID MCGRATH

Over the last year, WHRC has made significant progress in our fisheries work on the pirarucu (Arapaima spp.), one of the largest and historically the most important commercial fish species in the Amazon. In a recent survey of pirarucu abundance in the Lower Amazon region, it was found that populations have been severely depleted, about 4% of their natural abundance. Healthy populations are found in only a few communities. To address this problem, WHRC trained some 250 fishers from 28 communities in methods for sustainably managing pirarucu populations. In

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 14People & Projects

addition, fishers and government and non-government organizations recently created a working group to discuss a proposal WHRC developed for legislation to promote sustainable management of the species. If implemented, this legislation would not only help pirarucu populations recover, but would also transform the pirarucu into the flagship species for sustainable, community-based management of Amazon fisheries.

Credit: Leandro Castello

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 201215 People & Projects

IntroducingDr. Sue Natali

Credit: John Wood

Credit:Marc Conlin

Dr. Susan Natali joined WHRC as an Assistant Scientist in October 2012. Her interests lie in the fields of biogeochemistry, ecosystem ecology, soil science and global carbon cycling, all of which are integral to the work of WHRC. Dr. Natali’s research examines the response of terrestrial ecosystems to a changing environment, with an emphasis on feedbacks to carbon cycling from northern high latitude systems. While a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Florida, Dr. Natali began working in permafrost ecosystems in 2008 when she and others established a large-scale warming experiment in interior Alaska. That project tests hypotheses about feedbacks to the global carbon cycle as a result of warming air and soil temperatures and thawing permafrost. More recently, she established a tundra drying experiment to examine interactive effects of permafrost thaw and changes in soil moisture on ecosystem carbon exchange. Dr. Natali’s research took her to Siberia during the summer of 2012 as part of the Polaris Project, the month-long expedition that is a component of WHRC’s research in the Arctic. There she worked on assessing the effects of changing fire regimes on larch stand density and on the amount and age of carbon respired from soils and thawing permafrost.

Dr. Natali has published widely in such leading scientific journals as Global Change Biology, Journal of Ecology, Nature, Nature Climate Change, and Oecologia. She holds a National Science Foundation Polar Programs Postdoctoral Research Fellowship and is a member of the American Geophysical Union, the Association for Polar Early Career

Scientists, the Association for Women in Science, and the Ecological Society of America, among others. She holds a B.S. from Villanova University and her Ph.D. is from Stony Brook University. From her new position at WHRC, Dr. Natali will continue her work on ecosystem carbon dynamics in northern high latitudes.

Credit: John Wood

Since 2008, the Polaris Project has trained future leaders in arctic research and informed the public about the relationship between the Arctic and global climate change. During the annual summer field expedition to the Siberian Arctic, undergraduate and graduate students, faculty and scientists conduct cutting-edge investigations that advance scientific understanding of the high north. The following are testimonials from several of this summer’s students.

The Polaris Project has without a doubt been the defining moment in my education thus far. Being in the field and conducting research with world-class scientists as your advisors is an incredible experience. But being allowed to explore your own scientific curiosities and find the answers to your own questions is the true success of the project. The result of this exploration does not simply end with numbers and graphs, but with more questions, a burning desire to continue researching, and a heightened understanding of what being an Arctic scientist is all about. ~ Sam Berman, Clark University

I cannot describe my experience with the Polaris Project as anything but amazing. This summer has been an absolutely fantastic experience that has allowed me to grow so much as a scientist, and even more as a person. Travelling through Russia with a group of thirty-three people is a feat alone, but to do the science we did on top of it is mind-blowing. Getting the opportunity to work with professionals in a field you are so incredibly interested in, in a place like Cherskiy, is a

rare and invaluable experience that I feel so grateful to have been able to participate in. ~ Maddie LaRue, College of the Holy Cross

My journey to the Polaris Project went through Washington, Massachusetts, and Bermuda – conducting various research projects while trying to earn a degree. I got on a plane to Russia a little burnt out looking back at the hours of homework, labwork, and general tedium, but on my plane ride home, I couldn’t help but think about what I could do next, where I could do it, and how I could manage. I feel pretty reenergized and I feel very fortunate to have been given the opportunity to spend my summer this way. ~ Miles Borgen, Western Washington University

While in Cherskiy I knew I was experiencing things that I would never forget, but even months after returning I still couldn’t stop thinking about them - to me, this signifies something truly incomparable, extraordinary, and worthwhile. The Polaris Project is intense and enriching in many dimensions: academically, through the enthusiasm of the PIs and the students to teach and learn from each other; scientifically, through the desire to learn about and communicate the climatic changes going on the Arctic. ~ Dylan Broderick, Clark University

The Polaris Project has been one of the most profound experiences of my life. The number of ideas I had about possibilities for my future has since exploded. I was pretty sure I wanted to get a Masters degree prior to the Polaris Project, but now I am 100% sure and considering whether a PhD might be fun too. I knew within days of beginning our work in Cherskiy that I wanted to return next summer. It is amazing how getting a few people with similar mindsets together can accomplish huge tasks. ~ Lindsey Parkinson, Western Washington University

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 16People & Projects

The Polaris Project

“This is the most important

thing I can imagine doing.”

Dr. Max Holmes, Director

The Polaris Project

Polaris Project living quartersCredit: Maddie LaRue

Credit: Ekaterina Bulygina

Larch Tree Sample,Credit: Miles Borgen

Credit: John Wood

Our Mission:

To advance scientific discovery and seek science-based solutions for the world’s environmental and economic challenges through research and education on forests, soils, air, and water.

Our Vision: A world in which the insights of science guide management of the Earth’s natural resources, so that we and future generations may sustain prosperous and fulfilling lives without degrading the ecosystems that support humanity and a diverse abundance of life.

What We Do:

The Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC) is a private, non-profit research organization focusing on environmental sciences. Our scientists combine analysis of satellite images of the Earth with field studies to measure, model, and map changes in the world’s ecosystems, from the thawing permafrost in the Arctic to the expanding agriculture regions of the tropics. We work locally and regionally, with in-depth expertise and collaborations in North and South America and Africa; and we also work globally, focusing on how humans are changing global cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and water. We merge natural science with economics to discover sustainable paths for human prosperity and stewardship of the Earth’s natural resources.

Please support our efforts by making a gift to the Woods Hole Research Center. Your donation is a crucial partnership in helping our researchers meet our mission of science, education, and policy for a healthy planet.

Click here to donate. Our safe and secure online giving form allows you to make a credit card gift of any amount.

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Financial Report

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 201217

As a mature not-for-profit organization, the Woods Hole Research Center recognizes the importance of a strong organizational platform including a strong audit. For fiscal year 2012, the independent audit firm Calibre CPA Group issued an unqualified audit opinion and no management comments.

WHRC donors continued to provide significant support, contributing more than $1 million in unrestricted funds to support unfunded science, innovation, and the overall organization. During fiscal year 2012, WHRC used a portion of unrestricted funds to develop new collateral materials to highlight the work of the scientists and to create communications products that

inform and engage supporters. Public lectures, project materials, and website updates are examples of these efforts.

Temporarily restricted funds were spent down as projects ended and withdrawals were taken from unrestricted investments to support both unfunded science and unexpected needs.

Significant capital improvements were made to the heating and cooling systems of the George M. Woodwell Building, and laboratory facilities were updated. New equipment was purchased to enhance the chemistry capabilities of our environmental laboratory, including a solar simulator and a freestanding freezer

that is hosting water samples from both WHRC projects and those of collaborators.

WHRC relies on the generosity of donors for unrestricted support to ensure that its scientists are able to explore new research possibilities, meet with collaborators, and consider solutions to the Earth’s environmental and economic challenges. Unrestricted funding allows WHRC scientists to continue to innovate and to explore new research and communication opportunities.

Full financial statements are available at www.whrc.org/support/finance.html.

Unrestricted TemporarilyRestricted

PermanentlyRestricted 2012 2011

Support and Revenue Government - $4,991,351 - $4,991,351 $3,486,145 Foundations and Other $1,036,033 $958,928 $6,100 $2,001,061 $3,001,314 Investment Income $84,590 $123,689 - $208,279 $758,763 Donated Equipment $81,787 - - $81,787 $267,811 Change in Value of Split-interest Agreements

($9,917) - - ($9,917) $1,994

Other Income $27,522 - - $27,522 $21,516 Net Assets Released from Restrictions

$9,402,644 ($9,402,644) - - -

Total Support and Revenue $10,622,659 ($3,328,676) $6,100 $7,300,083 $7,537,543

Expenses Research Programs $7,866,948 - - $7,866,948 $9,340,908 General and Administrative $2,168,127 - - $2,168,127 $2,692,525 Development and Fund Raising $816,151 - - $816,151 $462,877 Total Expenses $10,851,226 $10,851,226 $12,496,310Change in Net Assets ($228,567) ($3,328,676) $6,100 ($3,551,143) ($4,958,767)

Net Assets Beginning of Year $7,649,519 $5,621,123 $3,667,729 $16,938,371 $21,897,138 End of Year $7,420,952 $2,292,447 $3,673,829 $13,387,228 $16,938,371

Statements of Activities

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 18

DonorsThis reflects giving between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012.

$100,000 - $399,999

Charles R. O’Malley Charitable Lead TrustHarbourton Foundation

$50,000-$99,999

AnonymousMargaret Cornman (deceased)Eric Davidson and Jean TalbertDucks UnlimitedFrancis and Victoria LowellWilhelm and Nonie MerckGilman and Margaret OrdwayAmy and James ReganJoseph and Marité RobinsonThe Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment

$25,000-$49,999

Betsy and Jesse Fink FoundationLawrence and Caroline HuntingtonMonique LiuzziJohn Myers and Merloyd LudingtonAlbert and Katharine Merck

$10,000-$24,999

Adelard A. and Valeda Lea Roy FoundationCogan Family FoundationPaul FaracaSpencer Glendon and Lisa TungStuart Goode and Nancy CooleyEsmond Harmsworth and James Richardson

Timothy and Joan IngrahamJ. Atwood and Elizabeth IvesSam and Karen LambertLinden Trust for ConservationMerck Partnership for GivingGordon Russell and Bettina McAdooFred and Alice StanbackGeorge and Katharine Woodwell

$5,000 - $9,999

Greg AlexanderAmerican Endowment FoundationDenise DraperIris and Robert FangerSusan and Jay FoleyBenjamin and Ruth HammettSerena HatchJohn and Lily Rice HsiaDouglas and Barbara WilliamsonWorld Wildlife FundJames Worth

$1,000 - $4,999

Robert and Alison AmentAnn Mudge BackerMichael and Margherita BaldwinDavid and Ellie BeattyStephen Bernier and Constance MessnerDonald BourneEllen Cabot and Matthew WatsonJames and Ruth ClarkSally CrossAnnie DillardVivian DonnelleyElizabeth & Frank Odell Family Fund of the Community Foundation of Collier County

Robert Epstein and Amy RothMichael Fanger and Linda SattelBob and Randi FisherPeter FrancisGeoffrey Freeman and Marjorie FindlayDan and Bunny GabelGE FoundationScott Goetz and Nadine LaporteAvram and Carol GoldbergJoshua Goldberg - Trustee, GoldbergFamily Foundation / Rabb Foundations

Sibyl GoldenThomas and Virginia GreggGordon and Carolyn HallGeorge and Marina HatchBayard and Julie HenryArt and Eloise HodgesRichard and Susan Houghton

Hamilton and Edith KeanNancy LassalleMarta Jo LawrenceDavid and Dana LeeJean LootzWilliam and Mary LuntMarilyn MacLeodMargaret Evans Tuten FoundationMarvin and Annette Lee FoundationMicrosoft Matching Gifts ProgramMary Louise and Charles MontgomeryBill and Margot MoomawWilliam and Mary Sue MorrillAbigail NormanMartin and Joan PersonEugene and Diana PinoverMelanie Powers, Rick and Paul PresbreyTed and Connie RooseveltTedd and Ella SaundersAnne SawyerSuperior Nut Company, Inc.Gerard and Mary SwopeCatherine SymchychMartin and Laura WattenbergWichita Falls Area Community Foundation - John Hirschi Donor Advised

The Winslow FoundationWoodcock P FoundationMary and Redwood Wright

$500 - $999

John and Patricia AdamsDorothy BaldiniMolly Bang and Jim GreenTim Barclay and Beth TaylorEd and Amy BrakemanAnita Brewer-SiljeholmCape Cod FoundationPriscilla CaseFerdinand Colloredo-MansfeldMolly CornellMichael and Marcia CorriganMurray and Judith DanforthMichael and Dudley Del BalsoGriswold DrazDonald and Sheila EvansKenneth Foreman and Anne GiblinArthur and Linda Gelb

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 201219

DonorsMargaret and Robert HuskinsRobert InchesInstitute For Training and DevelopmentCarl and Joanne LeamanThomas LovejoyNawrie Meigs-Brown and David BrownHarriet MeissJosephine MerckKen and Laura MorseCarol O’NeilJohn Ordway, Jr.Jack and Ann RabinowitzFannette SawyerNancy SouletteLouisa SpencerRichard VerneyRoger Williams

$1-$499

Anonymous (8)Constance AbbottJohn and Christine AbramsAcademy For Life Long LearningJonathan Aibel and Julie RohweinCarla AlaniHerbert and Catherine AllardRobert and Helen AlsopPeggy AndretzAudrey AshtonIsabella AshtonBrian and Maria AspinwallDuncan and Dorothy AspinwallRoberta AugustDavid and Nancy BabinRichard and Denise BackusAlice BainesJoan BalfourAnne BarnesDavid and Laurie BarrettGary Beach and Mona Beach-BernardiGordon BeckhartBecton, Dickinson and CompanyJean BedientTom and Mary Jo BenjaminRalph and Joyce BergerGeorge and Roberta BerryAlden and Barbara BesseLee James Best, Jr.Olive BeverlyRichard and Mary BierlyJohn and Marion BierwirthMary BiggarGeorge BillingsStephen and Barbara Billings

Donald and Alpine BirdJames and Barbara BirneyMilton and Sandra BlackingtonBNY Mellon Community PartnershipJoan BollingLonegan and Mary BonczekElizabeth BordenDwight BostonFrancis and Margaret BowlesPeter BowmanJohn BraitmayerEmily BramhallMr. and Mrs. Bernard J. Brennan, IVCharles and Helen BresnahanSierra BrightEleanor Bronson-HodgeJohn and Elaine BrouillardVernon and Barbara BrownDavid BrowningLawrence and Margaret BruceEkaterina BulyginaBarbara Allen BunkerBarry and Sylvia BunshoftStanley and Helen BurdAlan and Joyce BushJean ButterworthMichael and Charlene CainMarjorie CairnsDiana CampbellMark and Kathleen CariddiSamm CarltonBen Carnevale and Joanne Blum-CarnevaleElliott and Susan CarrRobert and Myra CarrierJohn and Helaine CarrollCharles and Margaret ChaceArsen and Marie CharlesGeorge and Dorothea ChidesterFrank and Julia ChildJane ChrisfieldNaomi ChurchArthur ClarkDarlene ClarkJames and Ann ClearyBonnie ClendenningThomas and Ann CoeBruce CohenEllen ColdrenPaul Colinvaux and Llewellya HillisPeter and Edna CollomNathaniel CoolidgeJohn and Barbara CotnamKathleen CoverJoseph CrimminsJeanne Crocker

Steve Curwood andJennifer Stevens-Curwood

Don and Patricia CushingClarke and Maria DanielsKen and Linda DavidsonJoseph DayRegina DayWilliam and Patricia DayDavid and Mary DearbornJohn and Carol DeBraalDell Inc.Lawrence and Regina DelVecchioJack DennisEthan and Frances DennisonPhilip and Tina deNormandieElizabeth DesaulniersPaul DestlerVirginia DevineDonald and Anita DickinsonJonathan DiPaoloPatricia DonahueToni DoveMichael Dryfoos and Ilga JansonsMartin DuganFrank Dunau and Amy DavisWilliam and Janet EdmondFrank and Nancy EgloffPaul and Anne EhrlichDavid and Frances EinhornAlfred and Mary EipperMarilyn ElieDenny EmoryBradford and Dorothea EndicottEd and Susan EpesMichael and Lynne FarlowAlison FarrarJohn and Shirley FarringtonKimball and Nancy FaulknerDavid and Doris FauschHarley FeatherstonWarren Felt and Dolores AroundGail Fenske and Donald CecichRichard FewkesHenry Finch and Patricia RobinsonDavid and Barbara FinkDaphne FisherGordon FitzgeraldElizabeth FossRobert and Georgina FramptonAlan and Anita FrankAnn FreedbergRuth FyeA. Mark GabrieleWillard and Constance GalliartAshley Galvin

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 20

DonorsRobert GannettStephen Gardner and Mary VoceMichael and Mary GarfieldPeter and Jean GarrisonPatricia GarrityDonald and Ruth GlotzerElaine GoldmanMia Goldman and Michael RotblattRichard and Kerry GoodsonBenjamin and Ellen GordonMarc and Carol GordonChristine Goreczny and Mark SewhukMichael and Karen GortonBonnie GosselsSusanne GrahamThe Grant FamilyAlan and Elizabeth GreenAlan and Fran GreenglassFrederic and Jocelyn GreenmanJohn and Jane GriffithRobert and Virginia GuaraldiLorraine GyauchLarry and Melinda HallJane HallowellCharles and Ethel HamannAlbert and April HamelDaniel and Caroline HamlinElizabeth HanleyRobert and Karin HardyStanley and Elaine HarlowHoyt HarmonJohn and Maureen HarringtonLynn HarrisonLee and Rose HartmanAnne HarveyRobert HasseyDavid and Betsy HawkinsElizabeth HealdBonnie HeidelDavid and Alexis HeitmanKurt and Ruthann HellfachGeorge HelmholzJames and Lorna HendererBart and Jane HendersonRalph HerbstDavid and Joan HerschfeldCharlene HerzerPhilip and Ann HeymannFranklin and Marge HobbsAlexander and Marion HoffmanNate HolmesMax and Gabby HolmesJohn and Molly HooperRichard and Marjy HortonGarry and Nancy Hough

Alan Houghton and Sky PapeRichard and Phebe HoughtonJohn and Marilyn HowardRobert and Marion HowardAnthony Howell and Patricia BennerWilliam HullFred Humphreys and Andrea KuskoNada HymanLynn JacksonStanley and Dee JacobsGary and Sue JacobsonAmbrose and Anna JearldMary Elizabeth JewettConnie JohnsonRaymond and Lola JohnsonRichard JohnsonSusan JohnsonBarbara JonesDick Jones and Vicki BokDewitt and Megan JonesLandon JonesLeah KarpenJon and Barbara KaufmanFred and Whitney KeenDennis and Joanne KeithMr. and Mrs. Brooks KelleyRobert KennedyKaren KimberRobert and Virginia KingStephen KingJoan Pearlman and Peter KivyLewis and Lucie KleinhansTania KluttsCharlotte KnoxKol Ami of Northern VirginiaCalvin and Ilene KuninAlex KuskoAlbert and Sonia KutzinJohn and Diana LambLawrence and Hannah LangsamRowena LauterbachCharles and Patricia LawrenceHelene LaytonYun and Yung LeeEdwin and Judith LeonardRichard LeonardMelvin and Katherine LevinePaula LewisFrances LightsomJason and Linda LillegravenVito LipariDouglas and Kim LivolsiWilliam and Noelle LockeWhitney and Phillip LongEdward Lopata

Orie and Elinor LoucksJohn and Nancy LovejoyLouise LuckenbillAllen LukeMaija Lutz and Peter TassiaFred and Judith MackenzieMargaret MackeyLaurence and Katherine MadinDouglas MaitlandWayne and June MalaryDavid and Sheila ManischewitzCharles and Susanne MannKai and Marion MarcucelliMerle Ann MarionRandall Bennett and Lorraine MarsenLeon and Marilee MartelElizabeth Garner Martin Fund of the Cape Cod Foundation

Fred and Linden MartineauNatalie MatherWalter Matherly and Cope CumpstonRobert MatthewJohn and Nancy McAloonFrederick and Barbara McAlpineJoyce McAuliffeEdmund McCannWallace and Nancy McCurdyMary McDonoughVictor and Ruth McElhenyNadia McIntoshKristin and Kevin McLaughlinPatrick and Martha McLaughlinCornelia McMurtrieDavid and Barbara McPhelimMelissa McTagueRuth MeadPatricia Meaney and Richard EckausJonathan and Jane MeigsJerry and Lalise MelilloFrederick MenkelloPete and Sara MerrillCaroline MeulyDwight MillerElwynn MillerSusan Miller and Lee KramerRosemary Minior-WalkerDonald and Sandra MonceviczAllan and Maria MonizHenriette MontgomeryDavid and Marilyn MooreC. Eldridge MorganCharles and Sarah MorganKirstin Moritz and Rod HinkleYvette MorrillJohn and Fredrica Morris

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DonorsChip and Susan MorseFrederic MortonThomas and Elizabeth MoseleyDay and Kathie MountChris Neill and Linda DeeganNetwork for GoodJill NeubauerAnn NewburyJohn NoelEdmund and Ann NolanJohn and Vivian NovadoRoberta OdellWilliam and Donna Marie OglesbyPauline O’LearyJohn OlsonRenee and Kimberley O’SullivanGary and Naomi PalmerNicholas and Mary PaolaBernard and Claudine ParisotJeffrey and Susan ParkerJohn and Monica ParksWalter and Ruth PaulJohn and Natalie PayneHerta PaysonRobert and Pamela PelletreauGail PerrinSusan PetersonHenry and June PfeifferDonald and Susan PickeringPaul and Sandra PimentelWarren and Kathleen PinchesJerry and Sheila PlaceChristopher and Pamela PolloniWilliam PorterRex Pratt and Diane McMahon-PrattStephanie Prior and Robert GroschDonald ProcterGeorge PutnamElisabeth RaleighMaridale RayDavid and Laurie ReedRandolph RichardsonBarbara RiddochPat RileyJoseph and Ethel RimmerMary RingJohn and Marie RixonAlison RobbJim and Derreth RobertsEric RoccarioHoward RochePeter and Jane RodaJames and Dianne RoderickJoan RodriguezEdward and Wendy Rose

Marc Rosenbaum and Jill De La HuntDavid and Edith RossPerry RossNicholas RossettosCatherine RossiMichael RuddyRichard Sailor and Mary JohnstonSusan SavagePaul and Kristen SchmidtMartin and Gladys SchwartzFrederick A.O. Schwarz and Frederica PereraPeter SchweinsbergSea Education AssociationDorothy SebestaRichard and Lucille SeeleyDeborah Gates and Stephen SenftMichael and Amy ShawDavid SheehanPeter and Anne SheldonDaniel and Joanne ShivelyDavid Folger and Janet Simons-FolgerPeter SinclaireVivian Sinder-BrownA. Homer SkinnerBeverly SloanPaul and Mary Louise SmithRobert and Sharon SmithWesley and Nancy SmithRobert and Elizabeth SnowRichard and Elizabeth SonnebornSouth Mountain Company FoundationGus and Cameron SpethAnn SprayregenJohn St. LaurentWallace and Pamela StarkKenneth StasneyM. T. SteinGerald and Margaret SteinbergPeter Stern and Joan Johnston-SternTom and Judy StetsonAllan StockerGeorge and Dorothy StoneMargaret SturtevantEric and Holly SundquistThe Tamzen White Family FundSarah TappanJared and Heather TausigMichael TestaEdward and Penny ThomasKatharine ThompsonTimothy and Janet TraskMarian TrotterLeo Tugan-BaranovskyElinore TushnerJoan Tweedy

John and Frederica ValoisJack and Uta ValpeyVera Van AttaMathias and Cornelia Van ThielRichard and Catherine ViagrandeMartha VinickKaren VogtEmily WadeDiana WeatherbyKate WebsterWilliam and Judith WeilLewis WeinfeldJane WeingartenBetty WeinstockIrwin WeisbrotChristine WeisigerWellfleet Motel and LodgeLarry WentworthAndreas and Denise WesserleBob and Nettie WestRuth WhippleStuart and Tilda WhiteSusan White and Ellen CorcoranJoan WickershamJoanie WiinbladSeth Wilkinson and Alison FlynnThomas WilkinsonDarrell Williams and Rebecca WillowMarsden WilliamsRobert WilliamsJeff WilliamsNorman and Elizabeth WinskillFrederic and Susan WinthropLouise WolfEdward and Toby WollEric and Sandra WolmanJohn WoodwellGeorge Woolfe and Mary PattonDavid and Julianne WorrellMargaret WrightDonna WygleLouise ZawadzkiMichael ZimmermannArthur and Charlotte ZitrinLaura Zschock

GIFTS IN HONOR OF

I. Foster Brownfrom Richard Sailor and Mary Johnston

Katie Burkefrom Robert Matthew

CANOPY MAGAZINE FALL 2012 22

DonorsEric Davidsonfrom Pete and Vicky Lowell,Kirstin Moritz and Rod Hinkle

Barbara Deglerfrom Gordon Beckhart

Iris Fangerfrom Barry and Sylvia Bunshoft, Michael Fanger and Linda Sattel, Michael and Karen Gorton, Alan and Elizabeth Green,Jane Weingarten

Nora Greenglassfrom Alan and Fran Greenglass

Lorraine Gyauch’s grandchildren - Dylan, Chloe, Cooper, Dara, Bailey, Noah, and Lallie from “Baba”

John and Cheryl Holdrenfrom Kai and Marion Marcucelli,Christopher and Pamela Polloni

Richard “Skee” Houghtonfrom Priscilla Case, John and Shirley Farrington

Connie Johnsonfrom Joyce McAuliffe,Kristin and Kevin McLaughlin

Casey Lambertfrom Landon Jones

Kira Lawrencefrom Charles and Gayle Lawrence,Maridale Ray

Sue Lipmanfrom Matthew Watson

Pete and Vicky Lowellfrom David and Ellie Beatty

Callum McLaughlinfrom Kristin and Kevin McLaughlin

Mary Lou Montgomeryfrom Pete and Vicky Lowell

Chris Paolafrom Nicholas and Mary Paola

Alexander Sonnebornfrom Mr. and Mrs. Richard Sonneborn

Helen Spauldingfrom Franklin and Marge Hobbs

Tom and Ann Stonefrom George and Dorothy Stone

George and Katharine Woodwellfrom Connie Johnson, Bill and Margot Moomaw, Abigail Norman

GIFTS IN MEMORY OF

Edward Adelbergfrom Jonathan Aibel and Julie Rohwein

Marcia Airisfrom Ed and Susan Epes

Suzanne K. Bowmanfrom Peter B. Bowman

Andrew F. Bunkerfrom Barbara Allen Bunker

Richard Butterworthfrom Jean P. Butterworth

Hugh and Elizabeth Corriganfrom Michael and Marcia Corrigan

Walt Disneyfrom Matthew Watson

Paul Epsteinfrom Anonymous

Jerry Garciafrom Brian and Maria Aspinwall

Benjamin Grahamfrom Susanne M. Graham

J. B. Herseyfrom Stanley and Dee Jacobs

Jimmy Hornefrom Kristin and Kevin McLaughlin Mary Cruise Kennedy, RNfrom Robert Kennedy

Barbara Littlefrom Ann Newbury

Anthony Liuzzifrom Monique Liuzzi

Wangari Maathifrom Scott Goetz and Nadine Laporte

Caroline C. Olsonfrom John M. Olson

Helen A. Petersfrom Jean P. Butterworth

Reverend Owen Roth, OSBfrom Frederick and Barbara McAlpine

Gerry Samplesfrom Matthew Watson

Robert Schwabfrom Virginia Devine

Alfred W. Senftfrom Deborah Gates and Stephen Senft

Sandra St. Laurentfrom John St. Laurenti

IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS are acknowledged from: ESRI, Astoria, ENVI+IDL, Microsoft, and Google Apps

GEORGE PERKINS MARSH SOCIETYBorn in 1801, George Perkins Marsh was the first to draw attention to the notion that the natural menace to nature was humans themselves. He published his ideas in a book called Man and Nature in 1864, to wide acclaim. Still in print, it continues to influence our vision of the natural world.The Society, named in his honor, recognizes friends who have elected to partner in the Center’s future by supporting the Center through a life income gift, retirement plan, life insurance policy, or bequest.

Society members:Deborah Cernauskas, Robert Downs, Denny Emory, John Eustis, Iris and Robert Fanger, David and Edith Ross, David Hoover and Carol Swenson, George and Katharine Woodwell, Redwood and Mary Wright