Leadership Development

Meeting 1 SM III

2019-2020

Penempatan PegawaiSchool of Communication & BusinessInspiring Creative Innovation

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Philosophy and Basic Concepts of

Leadership

Meeting I Semester 3 / Odd

years 2019-2020

Target: Students Understand About Philosophy and

Foundation of Leader and Leadership, and Leadership

Process

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Main Book:

1. Garry Yulk, Leadership in Organizations, Pearson, Essex, England

2. Drucker Peter F, The Leader Of The Future (Future Leaders), PT. Elex

Media Komputindo, Jakarta

3. Wirawan, Capita Selecta Leadership Theory, Yayasan Bangun Indonesia

UHAMKA Press, Jakarta

4. Miftah Thoha. Leadership in Management, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada

University Press

5. Kartono Kartini, Leaders and Leadership,, PT. King Grafindo Persada,

Jakarta.

Reference

LEADER

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TYPES OF NAMES TO LEADERS

Commander in Chief /

LeaderManager, Commander, Boss

Etc.

Chairman, Head, Imam, Khalifah

Rasul, Prophet, President, King,

Kaisar, Queen, Sultan, Director,

Rector, Chairman

MOST INSPIRATIVE WORLD LEADER

Is the most glorious leader on earth, the Rosul who received revelation from God

(Allah). Middle Eastern man with noble character, wise attitude, and extraordinary

smart

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An important US figure. Great leaders who are role models of modern leaders in

the United States. Decisive/ consistent, wise, and skilled at using his brain. One of

the wisest leaders who ever stand on earth7

MOST INSPIRATIVE WORLD LEADER

The best president this country has ever had. Courageous/ brave, Decisive, Wise, and

Smart. His speech ignited the enthusiasm of his people (a best orator). His charisma

makes people respect and love him

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MOST INSPIRATIVE WORLD LEADER

THE MOST CRUEL WORLD LEADER

IDI AMIN DADA ADOLF HITLER POL POT

UGANDA JERMAN KAMBOJA9

DO I DESERVE BE A LEADER?

I Deserve to Be a Leader

Yes, if he is my

leader, I totally

agree 100%

WILL I BECOME A LEADER ???

Director, Chancellor, Minister, President ???

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Why we need Leader

How come he was the first

/ in front of ...??How come we want to

follow / behind him ......?

The Fact

All organizations need a LEADER. Even the smallest organization in

society, namely the family.

The success or failure of an organization depends largely on the

quality of its leaders.

Examples: the Republic of Indonesia under the leadership of

Soekarno-Hatta, the US under George Washington, Kennedy, Bill

Clinton; Malaysia under Mahathir Muhammad; Singapore under

Lee Kuan Yew

Good leaders are perceived by their followers as: parents, advisors,

protectors, role models and even teachers and friends.

Not just a professional leader but compassionate leader. 12

Why Leader ?

The great question of our times is how to reconcile

and integrate human effort so people everywhere

can work for their common good and not their

common disaster. The answer depends most largerly

upon the capabilities of leaders in all positions in all

segment of society.

(Louis A. Allen, The Management Profession, 1964)

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1. Characterized by followers

2. Effective leaders are not always someone who is worshiped

or loved, but they are individuals who make their followers

do right.

Leadership is different from popularity

Leadership is synonymous with achieving results

3. Leaders are those who are very visible. Therefore they must

set as an example (role model)

4. Leadership is not a position, an authority, or money.

Leadership is responsibility

(Peter F. Drucker, Introduction, Leader of the Future, 1996)

Characteristics of Leaders

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Followers (HRs) are the key to Leader success

Q: But what kind of HR is the most important?

Humans are the most important organizational resource.

Business dependence on HR that is very dominant

“First we make people, then we make product” (Konosuke

Matsushita)

Asset only make possibility, but people make it happen

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In order to succeed in leading Just do three

things….

1. Set high aspirations for your organization

2. Recruit great people

3. Bring tremendous energy and enthusiasm to work

every day

PHILOSOPHY OF

LEADERSHIP

What is the philosophy?

Basic understanding philosophy taken from the word philosophia

or philoshopos from the Greek word defined as philo = love and

shopia = wisdom

In simple, understanding the philosophy is the love of knowledge

(science) and wisdom

The philosophy in general is science that investigates the nature of

things to obtain the truth. The science of nature that asks what is the

nature, essence, or core essence of allsomething

( Soetrionon & Rita Hanafie: 2007)

Understanding Philosophy

Philosophy can also be interpreted is how view of life that

will determine how he behaves and act on a matter. It is

also defined as the study of all the phenomena of life and

human-thinking critically and spelled out in the fundamental

concepts.

KBBI formulated that philosophy is: Assumption, outlook

on life, the most common inner attitude of being owned

person or society.

With the philosophy we will study the nature of things with

logic, reason and sense.

Understanding Philosophy

Harold Titus defines philosophy in 5 items:

1. Philosophy is a collection and belief in life and nature that

are usually critically accepted.

2. Philosophy is a process of thought or criticism of beliefs and

attitudes that we hold highly in high regard.

3. Philosophy is an attempt to get an overall picture (all

dimensions).

4. Philosophy is a logical analysis of the discussion as well as

an explanation of concepts and words.

5. Philosophy is a collection of problems which directly get the

attention of humans and which are sought by the

philosophers.

Understanding Philosophy

PHILOSOPHY OF LEADERSHIP

alini gilang, sh.mm

Indonesia has philosophy leadership have deep meaning.

The philosophy is three sentences translated from Javanese:

"Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo,

Ing Madyo Mangun Karso,

Tut Wuri Handayani "

1. Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo (Leaders if in front give example/ role model)

2. Ing Madyo Mangun Karso (Leaders if in middle arouse spirit, Creativity, protection,

build togetherness, motivating to achieve the goals of the organization/ group)

3. Tut Wuri Handayani (Leaders if in behind give urge/ encourage people led to dare

to appear in front of, as preparation for regeneration, in time ready to replace the

current leadership)

(Ki Hajar Dewantara, Father of Education in Indonesia)

PHILOSOPHY OF JAVA'S LEADERSHIP

.

In other leadership theories there are several more philosophies that

are widely used, so that every leader (especially from Java) has a

calm and dignified attitude, so that his people can live quietly in

carrying out their activities. Such as philosophy: Ojo gumunan, ojo

kagetan lan ojo dumeh.

That is, as leaders:

Do not be too surprised (ojo gumun) for something new (though

actually it is very very surprised)

Do not show an attitude of surprise or shock (ojo kagetan) if there

are things that are unexpected, and

Do not be arrogant (ojo dumeh and aji mumpung) when becoming

a leader.

The point is this philosophy teaches about maintaining attitudes and

emotions for everyone, especially a leader.

LEADER and LEADERSHIP

Leader and Leadership

.

The words/ terms of “leader, leadership, and lead” is originally came from the

same basic word which is "lead". The term is used in different contexts.

Leader is the person who leads a group of two or more people, both

organization and family.

Leader is someone with leadership authority directing subordinates to do part

of their work in achieving their goals (Drs. H. Malayu S.P. Hasibuan)

Leaders are figures or elite members of social systems that are known and

try to influence their followers directly or indirectly (Wiwaran: 2014)

Leadership is the ability of a leader to control, lead, influence the thoughts,

feelings or behavior of others to achieve predetermined goals. (Suradinata

1997: 1)

Leadership is an ability that is inherent in a leader who depends on a variety

of factors, both internal and external factors (Winardi (1990: 32) 24

LEADER

We are all leaders, at least to be leaders for our

self.

Someone who cannot lead himself will find it

difficult to achieve his life goals.

Organizations/ companies that do not have good

leaders will find it difficult to achieve their goals

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aLini gilang,sh.mm

Leader is someone who forms, encourages and

gives opportunities to others to be the best by

facilitating the improvement of their abilities so

that they can run the organization/ business

effectively and efficiently

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LEADER

Some Terms Related to leadership

Manager

Management

Leader

Leadership

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The Different Between

Managers and Leaders

Managers:

Maintaining the existing system,

working with the system

Avoid risk

Orientation here, today (here &

now), leraning from the past

Creating followers and

subordinates

The basis is competence and

professionalism

Leaders:

Renew / create a new system

Free, independent, creative, brave, but

disciplined

Dare to face challenges

Orientation to the future, imaginative

The basis is creativity and character

Not thinking about position, more to the

benefits, values, and responsibilities

Management = Order & Control

Leadership = Achieving goal & Making change

Manager and Management

The manager is the person / officer who is responsible for the

implementation of management activities, so that the objectives of the

unit they lead are achieved, using the help of others.

The manager is responsible for managing and directing others to

achieve the goals of the organization/ company.

Management is the art of getting work done through other people

(Mary Follet)

Management is a process of planning, organizing, coordinating

and controlling resources to achieve goals effectively and efficiently.

Effective means that the objectives can be achieved in accordance with

planning, while efficient means that the existing tasks are carried out correctly,

organized, and according to schedule. (Ricky W. Griffin)

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UNDERSTANDING LEADERS

.

A formal leader is someone who is appointed by an

organization/ company (based on an appointment letter from the

organization concerned) to occupy a position in the existing

organizational structure.

The informal leader is determined by the people not by ballot,

but by conscience (inner voice). The bond between them is not

officially regulated, but it is born spontaneously because there is

a respect and love that is not forced. (Darmaputera 2004)

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Leaders consist of two types:

formal leader

informal leader

The characteristics of formal

leader and informal leader

The characteristics of formal leader are:

a. Authorized and appointed during a certain term of office

b. There is a legitimacy.

c. Before appointment, must meet several formal requirements first.

d. Supported by formal organizations to carry out their obligations/ responsibilities.

e. Can achieve higher formal position (promotions), and can be mutated.

f. If you make mistakes, will be subject to sanctions and punishment.

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The characteristics of informal leader are:

a. No formal appointment or legitimacy as a leader.

b. The Society appoints him, and recognizes him as a leader.

c. His leadership status lasts as long as the group concerned is still

willing to acknowledge and accept him.

d. Cannot be mutated.

e. Never reached promotion.

f. Not have a boss.

Informal leaders can have both negative and positive

effects on their followers or groups.

The positive impact of an informal leader is to prioritize

ideology and the realization of work plan goals rather than

personal goals.

The negative impact of an informal leader is to prioritize

his own goals rather than the ideologies of his group or

followers.

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The characteristics of formal

leader and informal leader

.

1. Honest

Showing sincerity and integrity in all his actions. In this case

manipulative behavior will not foster trust

2. Competent

It is the actions of leaders based on reason, attitudes and moral

principles. Not make decisions based on desires, feelings, or other

emotional factors that are too subjective

3. Look forward

Have goals and visions of the future. Effective leaders imagine

(have an obsession and imagination) what they want and how to

get it. They usually choose priorities derived from their basic

values. A vision must be understood by the totality of the

organization33

THE CHARACTER OF FUTURE

LEADERS

.

4. Inspire

Demonstrate example and resilience in mental, physical, and

spiritual stamina. With the provision of this credibility, a leader

will easily inspire others to reach new peak achievements, and

will risk their reputation if necessary

5. Smart

Reading as a hobby, thirst for learning, and always looking for

challenging assignments

6. Fairness

Able to show fair treatment for everyone. Recognizing that

prejudice is the enemy of justice. Be empathetic and sensitive to

the feelings, values, interests, and welfare of others34

THE CHARACTER OF FUTURE

LEADERS

.

7. Broadminded

Like diversity, rich in perspective and have a far-sighted in the future

8. Brave

Having ambition to achieve goals, despite the risks or severe obstacles.

Always display calm and confidence even in stressful conditions;

9. Straightforward

Have a good views in various issues, and use them to make the best

decisions at the right time

10. Imaginative

Being able to make changes at the right time, using the right thoughts,

plans and methods. Also able to display creativity by creating new

goals that are better, while finding innovative ideas and new solutions

or resolutions to solve problems. 35

THE CHARACTER OF FUTURE

LEADERS

The Role of Leader

The leader is the factor in the success or failure of an

organization, both business/ profit organizations and non-

business organizations (Government, Education, Social,

Politics, Religion, etc.).

The quality of a leader is very dominant role to achieve the

goals of an organization/ company.

Successful leaders are able to manage their organizations /

companies / institutions well

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A leader is always required to be able to anticipate

changes that change at any time, be able to identify

organizational weaknesses, as well as quickly correct /

correct weaknesses.

The leader is an initiator, motivator, inspirator,

stimulator, dynamistor, and innovator in the

organization/ company.

A leader must dare to make decisions. Only brave

people who have leadership, and are entitled to hold the

title of a leader

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The Role of Leader

Leader Characteristics

1. Community Elite better education quality, better

economy, have special privilege

2. Physical Strength excellent health

3. Quality psychology self-understanding, intellectual

intelligent (IQ), emotionally intelligent (EQ), spiritually

intelligent (SQ), socially intelligent (SoQ), creative and

innovative

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LEADERSHIP

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UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP

. Leadership is a process run by a Leader / Leader others in order

to achieve the planned goalsto influence

Leadership: the process of leaders creating a vision and

interacting with each other with followers to realize the vision

(Wiwaran: 2014)

Leadership is an activity that influences people so they like trying

to achieve group goals (George R. Terry)

Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of a group

that is organized towards the achievement of objectives (Rouch &

Behling 1984: 46)40

.

Leadership is the process of directing and influencing

members in terms of the various activities that must be

carried out.

Leadership is a process of giving meaning to collective

effort and which results in willingness (people are

willing) to make the desired effort to achieve goals

(Jacob & Jacques 1990: 281)

Leadership is an activity influencing people so that they

want to work together to achieve the desired goals

(Ordway Tead in his book The Art of Leadership).

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UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP

Input Process Outpu

1. Leader

2. Follower

3. Vision and mission

4. Organizational culture

5. Power

6. Sources

7. Internal and external

environment

1. Social interaction

between leaders and

followers

2. Leaders and followers

influence each other

3. The leader empowers his

followers

4. The process of change

5. Realizing the vision

6. Managing conflict

7. Managing performance

1. Followers are affected

or not affected

2. There was a change or

there was no change

3. Vision achieved or not

achieved

4. The lives of social

members are better or

worse

Leadership as "System Process"

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UNDERSTANDING LEADERSHIP

Basic Concepts of Leadership

As a branch of Science, leadership must be supported by various theories.

• Theory constitutes bone, muscle, and skin of science

• Theory a generalization that explains the relationship between two

or more variables in a phenomenon

• Generalization drawing conclusions from a number of phenomena

from different places and times

Relationships: can be causal and can be reciprocal

The Function of Theory:

1. Explain a phenomenon of science that is happening

2. Forecast the phenomenon of science that is happening

3. Guiding professional practice

4. Develop science (dimensions, indicators, and instruments)

5. Guide to human life43

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