picarro - a revolution in food safety and food fraud detection
DESCRIPTION
Picarro makes the worlds highest performing and easiest to use gas analyzers. Picarro analyzers are revolutionizing the way the farmers, grocers, distributors, and regulators trace where food comes from, identify point of origin, and screen for food fraud and adulteration. Visibility into the authenticity and origin of the food we eat is becoming increasingly important in an era of globalized food distribution.TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to PicarroFood Analysis by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
2
Molecules Are In Constant Motion
Symmetricalstretching
Antisymmetricalstretching
Scissoring
Rocking Wagging Twisting
3
It’s All Springs and Mirrors
O
H
H
4
Very High Sensitivity and Precision
• Small, 35 cc sample cavity
• Laser intensity builds up…
• …Laser is shut off
• Removes laser fluctuations
• Up to 20 km pathlength
• Light reflects around the cavity
• Cavity loss mechanisms decrease intensity each pass
• Measurement is decay rate not absolute absorbance
Time-basis and long pathlength provide high sensitivity & precision
5
Time Based Measurement
Laser
Photo Detector
Pho
to D
etec
tor
Time (s)
6
Increase Concentration, Faster Ring-Down
Absorbing species in the cavity follow Beer-Lambert Law
7
From Wavelength to Ringdown
Time (micro-seconds)
Det
ecto
r S
igna
l Measure Ring-down
Select Wavelength
Wavelength (nm)
8
From Ring-Down to Concentration
Time (micro-seconds)
Det
ecto
r S
igna
l Ringdowns
t
tItI ocirccirc exp)()(
1549.6 1549.8 1550.0 1550.2 1550.4
0.0
1.0x10-6
2.0x10-6
3.0x10-6
4.0x10-6
5.0x10-6
Ab
so
rba
nce
(1
/cm
)
Wavelength (nm)
9
Combustion Module
10
Extending the Reach of CRDS
iCO2
iH2O
DIC/DOC
DIC
DIC
Automate FX
OI Analytical 1030W
Thermo GasBench II
Costech
EA
Liaison
11
Benefits of Cavity Ringdown
• Low capital cost - $50K to $120K.• Low cost of ownership- $100 to $1000/year.• Small Size – as small as 17” x 8” x 23”.• Low power consumption – 100W to 400W• No high vacuum pumps.• Very rugged.• Easy to Use.
12
Food Authenticity
• Fraud is a $50 Billion/yr problem– Wine– Coffee– Olive oil– Milk
• Using costly equipment and scantily adopted methods– IRMS ($350,000)– NMR ($300,000)
13
Consumer Rights, Tariffs and Duties
• OJ – where is it from, Florida or Brazil?
14
Consumer Safety
• Has cane sugar been added to this honey?• Is this “pure” sesame oil diluted with corn oil?
15
Sustainable Plastic Packaging
• $50 Billion/yr by 2014– Adding annually
renewable resources
• Using costly equipment– AMS ($3,000,000)
• Or low tech– LSC (low precision)
16
Measuring ‘Green-ness’
• What is the plant content of these bottles and bags?
17
Stable Isotopes: Answer These Questions
• Stable isotope data can give simple, unambiguous answers to all these questions and more
• Unique signature from a permanent record of history/source
• Huge potential applications• Can provide simple analysis/screening information• Completely under-exploited to date• New instrumentation is changing that
18
Sparkling Water δ13C Analyses
-40.00
-35.00
-30.00
-25.00
-20.00
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
• Simple, yet high precision, high reproducibility
δ13C
/per
mil
Fossil fuel based CO2 (Crystal Geyser)
Geothermal based CO2 (Perrier, left and
San Pellegrino)
Artesian well (Fiji)
19
Honey Analysis, AOAC 998.12
Sample
Protein ( ‰ ) Honey ( ‰ ) C4 Sugars ( %)
Sample 1 -26.57 -27.35 -4.6
Sample 2 -26.79 -27.57 -4.6
Sample 3 -26.27 -25.45 5.0
Sample 4 -26.21 -27.84 -9.8
Sample 5 -26.55 -26.19 2.1
Sample 6 -27.80 -27.45 1.9
Data shows that all of the samples tested here are unadulterated using AOAC 998.12 criteria.
20
Sample Delta (‰) S.D. (‰) IRMS(‰) Difference (‰)
Honey A -22.22 0.165 -22.2 -0.02
Honey B -21.85 0.120 -22.0 0.15
Honey C -25.22 0.184 -25.6 0.38
Honey D -25.08 0.047 -25.1 0.02
Honey E -27.20 0.082 -26.8 -0.40
Honey F -24.47 0.089 -24.4 -0.07
Honey G -23.77 0.032 -23.9 0.13
Honey H -23.65 0.065 -23.9 0.15
Honey I -23.66 0.046 -23.8 0.14
Honey J -23.74 0.107 -24.2 0.46
Honey Analysis Compared with IRMS
21
Food Fraud Detection
Honey adulteration with corn syrup: 5%, 10% & 15%
Exceptional correlation of calculated & measured δ13C values
Δδ values are < 0.1 ‰, even at the 5% adulteration level
R2 = 0.9999
-27-26-25-24-23-22-21-20-19-18-17-16-15-14-13-12-11-10
-27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10
Predicted δ13C value (‰)
Mea
sure
d δ
13C
val
ue
(‰)
100% HFCS
100% Honey
22
Orange Juice Origin
23
Commercial Apples
• A quick screening method of using stable isotopes to distinguish the true origin and/or composition of natural food and beverage products
24
Olive Oil Sample Sources (6 Countries)
Australia
Lebanon
TurkeyGreece
Italy
Spain
25
Olive Oil δ13C Analysis: CRDS vs. IRMS
2ul Inj. Vol. CRDS
δ13C (‰)
S.D. (n=3) (‰)
IRMS
δ13C (‰)
Italy -28.98 0.05 -29.27
Australia -31.23 0.01 -31.19
Spain -28.95 0.18 -28.94
Turkey -30.34 0.11 -30.32
Greece -29.29 0.02 -29.21
Lebanon -29.11 0.23 -28.87
(California -30.03 0.19 N/A)
26
Conclusion
• Fast, easy tests for food authenticity• Supply chain screening for adulteration• Push button, simple methods for routine lab use