PORTUGALBy: Mary Feit, Oscar Juarez, Brenda Martinez and Xochytl Nuñez

OBJECTIVE ONE: WHAT LED TO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION Desire for new sources of wealth (main reason) Trade of spices and luxury goods from Asia Introduced during the crusades fought between

Christians and Muslims After the crusades Europeans still wanted spices

EUROPEANS SEEKING NEW TRADES ROUTES Desire for new sources of wealth main reason for

exploration. Trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia was

what merchants and traders hoped to profit from. Types of spices demanded were; nutmeg, ginger,

cinnamon, and pepper because they added flavor to food.

Asians Muslims Italians Other Europeans

Early Portuguese explorer The first European to sail around

the southernmost tip of Africa Set sail in 1487 His voyage opened the saw route

to Asia through the Atlantic & Indian Ocean

He was the last at sea when he reached the Cape of Good Hope

“To serve God and His Majesty to give light to those who are in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”

BARTOLOMEU DIAS

CHRISTIANITY AND EXPLORATION

Desire to spread Christianity also motivated Europeans to explore

European countries believed they were obliged to convert non-Christians around the world

Not only did they wants goods from Asia they also hoped to convert them.

OBJECTIVE TWO: PORTUGAL’S DISCOVERY OF A SEA ROUTE TO ASIA Prince Henry took lead Began in 1415 Where he helped conquer Muslim city in North Africa.

That’s when it all started he got a glimpse at it and found gold and many more spices that he could use back at home.

PRINCE HENRY

Called the navigator, the son of Portugal’s King,

Consumed by the quest to find new lands and spread Christianity

Used his own fortune to organize voyages

He died in debt The Portuguese spent crown

spent more than 60 years paying of his debts.

Helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa

VASCO DE GAMA

Portuguese explorer Commander of the first

ships to sail directly from Europe to India

He filled his ships with spices like pepper and cinnamon and returned in 1499

His voyage of 27,000 miles gave Portugal a direct sea route to India

PORTUGAL’S TRADING EMPIRE

Portugal built a trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean

In 1509, Portugal took control of the spice trade from the Muslim merchants

Portugal broke the old Muslim-Italian domination on trade from the East, to the benefit of the Europeans. Portuguese merchants brought back Asian goods at about one-fifth of the price compared to the cost when purchased through the Arabs and Italians. As a result, items were more affordable for more Europeans

OBJECTIVE THREE: THE RIVALRY BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL AND HOW THE POPE RESOLVED IT Spain was jealous of Portugal because of how advanced

they were becoming. So they also wanted a direct route to Asia.

Tried to compete in Africa and Asia but they couldn’t then Columbus accidently found America.

Portuguese were worried that Spain had found Asia and tensions got worse

Pope Alexander VI made the Treaty of Tordesillas

FERDINAND MAGELLAN

Portuguese explorer He worked under King

Charles I of Spain to find a westward route to the Spice Islands.

He led the first expedition to cross the Pacific Ocean and to circumnavigate the world.

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

Signed on June 7, 1494. It divided all of the lands

outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal.

The line of demarcation was made halfway between the Cape Verde islands and the islands discovered by Christopher Columbus.

TECHNOLOGY/TOOLS IN EXPLORATION Advance in technology New Vessel called Caravel adopted from the Arabs.

Triangular sails for maneuverability and square sails for power.

Used the astrolabe to better their

location and direction. A Chinese

invention that Muslims perfected

PORTUGUESE IN AFRICA

In 1415, Prince Henry conquered the city of Ceuta in North Africa

In Ceuta, the Portuguese found pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and other spices as well as gold, silver, and jewels.

In 1460, the Portuguese had established trading posts along western Africa’s shores.

Eventually, they began to trade African captives to be used as slaves

PORTUGUESE IN BRAZIL

In 1500, Cabral claimed the land of Brazil for Portugal. The colonists began settling Brazil’s costal region in the

1530s. The settlers began to grow sugar on giant sugar

plantations. Europe had a high demand for sugar In time, the colonists pushed farther west into Brazil,

giving them even more land for the production of sugar.

WORKS CITED

"Bartolomeu Dias." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Apr. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias>.

"Prince Henry of Portugal." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_Portugal>.

"Vasco De Gama." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Jan. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_de_gama>.

"Treaty of Tordesillas." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_tordesillas>.

"Ferdinand Magellan." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_magellan>.

Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2009. Print.