pre-modifier (s) - kashan university of medical sciences
TRANSCRIPT
S t St tSentence StructurePhrasal Structures
J. ASGARIEnglish Departmentg p
Kashan University of Medical sciences
NOUN PHRASE
A group of words round a noun
NOUNNOUNPre-modifiers +NOUNPre-modifiers + NOUN +Post-modifiers
Noun Pre-modifiers
Determiners Noun(s)Adjectiv(s)
PrePreMid
P tBoth
All A/
clever tall …
medicine university…
PostAll…
A/anThis/…My/… One/…
First/…
Noun post-modifiers
Complement(s) Adjunct(s)
like like
of sperm exposure
of colitis
during one weekin case group
of inhibin after ten minutes
Noun Phrases Examplesthe purification of inhibin from human follicular
the induction of colitis during one week
completely experimental acute ulcerative colitis
the mean duration of sperm exposure in case group
total amplification of GCA enzyme genetotal amplification of GCA enzyme gene
all the ten lentiviral vectors
a double blind randomized trial study
so
(D t i ( )+Adj ti ( )+N ( ))+NOUNS+(Determiner(s)+Adjective(s)+Noun(s))+NOUNS+
(Comlement(s)+Adjunct(s))(Comlement(s)+Adjunct(s))
VERB PHRASE
A group of words round a Verb
VerbVerbPre-modifiers+ VerbPre-modifiers +Verb +post-modifiers
Verb pre-modifiers
Grammatical Tens Aux. Adverb(s)
Must/should/…
PastPresent Perfect Have/has/… Severely / Highly/…Present Perfect
PresentFuture
…Be/been/…
Severely / Highly/…
…
Verb-Post-modifiers
Complement(s) Adjunct(s)p ( ) j ( )
like like
hormone secretion for monthsin enhanced lentiviral vectors
nitric acid productionin five minutes
nitric acid production in the lab
Verb Phrase Examplesmust have been inhibiting hormone secretion for months
has been subcloned in enhanced lentiviral vectors
might have highly inhibited nitric acid production
verified with a solution for 5 minutes
SO
TENS+(AUX (s)+Have/Has/Had+Be/Been/ +Adv )+TENS+(AUX.(s)+Have/Has/Had+Be/Been/…+Adv.)+
VERB+Comlement(s)+(Adjunct(s))
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
A group of words round an adjective
AdjectiveAdjectivePre-modifier (s) +adjective Pre-modifier(s )+adjective +Post-modifier(s)
Adj. Pre-Modifier (s)
Descriptive word (s) Adverb(s)Descriptive word (s) Adverb(s)
More/most
likelike
More/mostSo/…
Highly/completely/…
Adjective-Post-modifier (s)
Complement(s) Adjunct(s)
likelike
that the patient might die
about the outcome in some ways about the outcomeof the results in the past
Adjective phrase Examplesrather afraid that the patient might die
extremely worried about the outcome
t l f d f th ltso extremely fond of the results
most prognostically important singlep g y p g
so significantly different
more highly suitable
SO
(Descriptive Word(s)+Adverb(s)+)+ADJECTIVE+
Comlement(s)+ ( Adjunct(s))
ADVERB PHRASE
A group of words round an adverb
AdverbAdverb
Pre-modifier(s)+adverb
Pre-modifier(s) + adverb+Post-modifier(s)( ) ( )
Adverb Pre-modifier(s)
Descriptive Word(s) Adverb(s)
like like
More/most Highly/completely/…More/mostSo/…
Highly/completely/…
Adverb post-modifier(s)
Complement(s) Adjunct(s)p ( ) j ( )
like like
of other means in some ways
Adverb Phrase examples
quite independently of other means
ll i kl iso really quickly in some ways
SO
(Descriptive Word(s)+Adverb(s)+)+ADVERB+
Comlement(s)+ ( Adjunct(s))
Preposition PhraseA group of words round a preposition
Preposition
Pre-modifier(s)+ PrepositionPre-modifier(s)+ Preposition
Pre-modifier(s)+ Preposition+ Post-modifier(s)
Prepo.Pre-modifier(s)
Descriptive Word(s) Adverb(s)
like like
More/most Highly/completely/…More/mostSo/…
Highly/completely/…
Prep.-Post-modifier(s)
Complement(s) Adjunct(s)
likelike
the skin surface in some ways
th l ft t i l i th h tthe left ventricle in the heart
the operation in the hospital
Preposition Phrase examples
right under the left ventricle in the heart
shortly after the operation in the hospital
so slightly under the skin surface in some ways
SO
(Descriptive Word(s)+Adverb(s)+)+PREPOSITION+
Comlement(s)+ ( Adjunct(s))
THEREFORETHEREFORE
Phrasal structures are rule-based, and the rule behind the phrase structures of the Englishbehind the phrase structures of the English language is :
[(Pre-modifier (s) )+X+ (Post-modifier (s)) ]X stands for Noun/Verb/Adjective/Adverb/or Preposition
and the arrangement of the elements is almost fixed.g
J. Asgari