Tense Structures Present Simple Present Continuous

Do, Go, and Play Simple Collocation

/s/, /z/, and /iz/

Conjunctions (and, or, so, but, because)

Tense

Present - V.1

Past - V.2 Continuous V.be V.ing

Future will V.inf Perfect V.have V.3

Passive V.be V.3

Example: Future Perfect (Structure)

Structure: will + have + V.3

Tense Structures with Active Form

Past (V.2) Present (V.1) Future (V.inf)

Simple V.2 V.1 will + V.inf

Continuous was, were + V.ing is, am, are + V.ing will + be + V.ing

Perfect had + V.3 has, have + V.3 will + have + V.3

Perfect

Continuous had + been + V.ing

has, have + been +

V.ing

will + have + been +

V.ing

Past Present Future

Continuous Perfect

will V.inf

have V.3

Tense Structures with Passive Form

Past (V.2) Present (V.1) Future (V.inf)

Simple was, were + V.3 is, am, are + V.3 will + be + V.3

Continuous was, were + being

+ V.3 is, am, are + being + V.3 will + be + being + V.3

Perfect had + been + V.3 has, have + been + V.3

will + have + been +

V.3

Perfect

Continuous

had + been + being

+ V.3

has, have + been +

being + V.3

will + have + been +

being + V.3

Present Simple

โครงสรางของประโยค

บอกเลา (Affirmative) S + V.1

ปฏเสธ (Negative) S + does/do + not + V.inf

คำถาม (Interrogative) Does/Do + S + V.inf?

Grammar Note

โดยปกตแลว กรยาชองท 1 ทมกนำมาใชกบ Present Simple นน มกจะผน

ตามประธาน (Subject) ของประโยคเปนหลก ดงนนถาหากประธาน (Subject) ท

นำมาใชนนเปนคำนามเอกพจน กรยาชองท 1 ตองเตม -s/-es ดวย

Examples: Brandy works very hard.

Joseph usually plays badminton on Mondays.

Japanese food is expensive.

Present Simple in Affirmative Sentences

1. เราใช Present Simple กบเรองราวทเปนเรองเลา ทวไป หรอ เหตการณปจจบน

Examples: My sister speaks French very well.

Robert does a lot of different things.

Tiffany looks attractive.

We are in the complicated relationship.

I love fried chicken.

2. Present Simple สามารถนำมาใชกบเหตการณทเปนเรองจรงได

Examples: The earth goes around the sun.

The sun rises in the east.

The sun sets in the west.

Bangkok is densely populated.

Water boils when its temperature reaches 100°C.

3. Present Simple สามารถบอกเหตการณในอนาคตได ในเรองของการคมนาคม และ

ตารางเวลา (Transportation and Schedule)

Examples: The class begins in a few minutes.

Flight FD1011 leaves at 4:30 P.M.

The conference starts at 10:00 A.M.

The train departs at 12 o’clock.

4. Present Simple สามารถใชกบบรรดาเหตการณทผกระทำกระทำเปนนสยหรอเปน

กจวตร (Habits and Routines)

Examples: Andy usually arrives early.

Maria always throws the party at her house.

Tom goes to school every day.

Grammar Note

โดยปกตแลว Present Simple มกม Adverb ทนยมใชดวยซงแบงไดดงน

Adverb of frequency (บอกความถ)

always (adv.) สมำเสมอ

usually (adv.) โดยปกต

often (adv.) บอยๆ

sometimes (adv.) บางครง

hardly (adv.) แทบจะไม

never (adv.) ไมเคย

• Adverb of frequency นยมวางไวหนากรยาแท

Elena often goes to Italy on business.

Peter always gets up early.

We rarely use the computer.

He never asks me for help.

You sometimes look exhausted.

• ระวง! Adverb of frequency วางไวหลง V.to be

Examples: Your idea is always fabulous.

It is usually cold outside.

We are sometimes tired from work.

My parents are never at home during the day.

My friends are usually generous.

100%

0%

go

swim

sleep

always

often

hardly

verb Examples:

V. be

is

are

always

often

hardly

Grammar Note

นอกจาก Adverb of frequency แลว Present Simple ยงม

Adverb of time (บอกเวลา)

every day (adv.) ทกๆ วน in the summer (adv.) ในฤดรอน

every Sunday (adv.) ทกวนอาทตย

on Tuesdays (adv.) ทกวนองคาร

once a week (adv.) หนงครงตอสปดาห

twice a month (adv.) สองครงตอเดอน

three times a day (adv.) สามครงตอวน

• Adverb of time นยมวางไวหนาสดหรอทายสดของประโยค

Examples: Every month, John visits his grandparents.

Sarah goes shopping every day.

Many people hang out on Friday nights.

He does the laundry twice a week.

On Sundays, we go to church.

Present Simple in Negative Sentences

โครงสราง: S + does/do + not + V.infinitive

I

you

we

they

sleep

walk

are

have

he

she, it

sleeps

is

Affirmative Negative

I

you

we

they

he

she, it

don't

(do not)

doesn't

(does not)

sleep

walk

be

have

1. หลง V. do ตองตามดวยกรยาไมผนรป (V. infinitive = Base form)

Examples: She doesn’t drink coffee.

We don’t talk anymore.

Eric doesn’t like John.

Thomas doesn’t want to join the meeting.

2. หากประโยคม Adverb of frequency ตองเอาวางไวหลง V.do แตหนากรยาแท

Examples: Troy doesn’t usually have breakfast.

I don’t always say something stupid.

It doesn’t usually rain.

Present Simple in Interrogative Sentences

do/does + S + V. infinitive?

What

Where

How often

How much

do

do

does

does

Do

Does

you

your parents

Andy

it

you

Tom

do

live?

meet

cost?

speak

sing

for living?

Sarah?

French?

Well?

1. หากม Adverb of frequency ใหวางไวหนากรยาแท

Examples: Do you usually work late?

Does your brother always have breakfast?

Where do people usually go on Saturdays?

2. ถาประโยคคำถามขนดวย Question words มกตอบเปนคำตอบเฉพาะ แตหาก

ขนตนดวย Do/Does มกตอบเปน Yes/No

Examples: Do you have a boyfriend?

No, I don’t.

Exercise Complete the sentences with the present simple form of the

verbs and adverbs / expressions of frequency.

1. I _______________________ (walk) into town every Saturday.

2. Emily __________________________ (ride/often) her bike to work in summer.

3. When ________________ he _________________ (be/usually) at home?

4. I __________________ (not be/often) in the office on Mondays.

5. He ________________________ (do/never) exercise at the weekend.

6. ________________ the doctor __________________________ (work/every weekend)?

Exercise Complete the article about sleep with the present simple form of

the verbs.

The Secrets of sleep

Why _________________________ (we/sleep)?

From birth, we __________________ (spend) a third of our lives asleep but scientists

still _______________________ (not/know) exactly why.

Why ______________________________ (humans/have) problems sleeping

In modern society, many people ________________________ (not/get) the

recommended seven or eight hours a night. We _________________________ (work)

long hours and we rarely ______________________ (go) to bed at sunset.

Why ______________________________ (we/sleep) differently?

It ___________________ (depend) on the time of year and also our age. Teenagers

always ______________________ (need) more sleep than adults. Lots of elderly people

__________________________ (not/sleep) longer than four or five hours, but they often

________________________ (take) naps during the day.

page 66

page 7

Exercise Ask and answer questions about these things. Use an adverb or

Expression of frequency in your answers.

do exercise be late for work

take public transport read a novel in the bath

eat out in restaurants be in a bad mood

do gardening go on holiday

play board games be busy at weekends

check your emails be stressed at work

Questions: How often do you ___________________________? (Verb ทวไป)

How often are you __________________________? (Verb to be)

Answers: I ________________________________ + เวลา

I (Adv. of frequency) ___________________________.

Examples: I am always stressed at work.

I do gardening every Saturday.

page 7

The Secrets of

The island of Okinawa in Japan has some of the oldest people in the world. It's famous for its high number of centenarians – men and women who live beyond 100 years of age. There have been many scientific studies of their lifestyle and you can even buy cookery books based on their diets. Some of the reasons for their good health are that they ...

• go fishing and eat what they catch.

• regularly do gardening and grow their own fruit and vegetables.

• go cycling and never drive when they can walk.

• often spend time with friends. They meet at people's houses and play games.

• do regular exercise, go swimming and lead active lives.

page 8

การใช go do และ play กบกจกรรมตางๆ

GO DO PLAY

riding aerobics badminton

jogging gymnastics table-tennis

hitch-hiking taekwondo football

fishing judo basketball

sailing karate chess

windsurfing kung-fu cricket

skiing ballet board games

snowboarding exercise snooker

swimming yoga hockey

dancing athletics baseball

skating archery rugby

cycling a crossword puzzle volleyball

running tai chi squash

Examples:

He plays basketball.

We play volleyball together.

They’re playing board games.

Arya does ballet.

Mike goes swimming.

page 8

Grammar Note

ความแตกตางระหวาง go, do, play

GO : เรามกใชตอเมอกจกรรมหรอกฬานนลงทายดวย -ing

(นนเปนการบอกโดยนยวาเราไปสกทหนงเพอฝกซอม/ปฏบต)

Examples:

I love to go jogging in the morning before I go to work.

My grandfather and I go fishing every time I visit him.

Every winter, my family and I go skiing in the Rockies.

What are you doing this weekend? Let’s go swimming!

** ในขณะเดยวกนเราสามารถใช play golf หรอ go golfing กได

(Golf เปนไดทงคำนามและกรยา)

Grammar Note

ขอควรระวง

• เราไมใส to ไประหวาง go และ V.ing เชน go to swimming.

• โดยสวนมากแลว กฬาทลงทายดวย -ing นนมกอยในรปของ

Gerund (V.ing) ซงคำเหลานนสามารถใชเปนกรยาได

ski swim climb dive / scuba dive

run jog golf skate / figure skate fish

Examples: Do you scuba dive?

Do you golf?

I learned how to ski when I was 9 years old.

She skates at the local community center.

He runs marathons for fun!

EXCEPTIONS!

Boxing Fencing Weight training

Verb

• คำเหลานมกไมใชกบคำวา go แตสามารถนำมาใชในรปตอไปนได

I like boxing.

I like watching fencing at the Olympics.

• บางครงเราสามารถใชกบคำวา do some + คำขางตนได

Sometimes we use these sports with do some,

I’m going to the gym to do some weight training.

DO : เรามกใชตอเมอกฬาเหลานนไมจำเปนตองมอปกรณใชรวมดวย

Examples:

She does a lot of yoga. That’s why she looks so great!

My daughter used to take swimming lessons, but now she

does gymnastics.

Do you do any sports?

Grammar Note

PLAY : มกใชกบกฬาทเปนทมหรอกฬาทตองมอปกรณเลนดวย

Examples:

I love to play badminton.

I played basketball when I was in high school.

In my spare time, I play soccer with my friends.

Do you play any sports?

When I was a kid, I loved playing baseball with my family.

Word building (Collocation)

เราสามารถใชกรยาบางคำ คกบคำนามบางคำได (ตองอาศยการจำและการใช)

Practice จบคคำตอไปน

do ● ● conversation

make ● ● the shopping

take ● ● an effort

have ● ● action

do ● ● a talk

make ● ● a call

miss ● ● a surprise

get ● ● an opportunity

do ● ● a favor

make ● ● progress

take ● ● the dishes

have ● ● fun

Practice นำคำทกำหนดใหไปตอบคำถามใหถกตอง

VERBS NOUNS

check play books a coffee

do read emails exercise

go run hiking a marathon

have take the piano public transport

1. I'm training to __________ __________ next year. So far I can do about

twenty kilometers.

2. I like to __________ __________ in the mountains at weekends. It's very

relaxing.

3. I __________ __________ when I have time. Mozart is my favorite composer.

4. I like to __________ __________. Fantasy or science-fiction are my favorites.

5. I __________ __________ about twice a week at the local gym.

6. I __________ __________ to work instead of driving a car.

7. I never _________ my personal __________ at work.

8. Can I __________ __________with milk, please?

Present Continuous

โครงสรางของประโยค

บอกเลา (Affirmative) S + is, am, are + V.ing

ปฏเสธ (Negative) S + is, am, are + not + V.ing

คำถาม (Interrogative) Is, Am, Are + S + V.ing?

Present Continuous in Affirmative and Negative Sentences

Examples:

Christian is having lunch.

Amanda isn’t watching TV.

I am talking on the phone.

1. Present Continuous ใชกบเหตการณทเกดขน ณ ขณะทพด

Examples: My mother is taking care of my little brother.

The police are interrogating the suspects now.

Mr. Miller is presenting his project at this moment.

We are learning English at the moment.

Affirmative & Negative

I

you

we they

he

she

it

am (not)

are (not)

is (not)

crying

smiling

(V.ing)

page 9

2. Present Continuous ใชกบเหตการณทเปนกระแสหรอสถานการณปจจบน

Examples: I am studying in the faculty of political sciences.

Currently, people are complaining about the

economy.

People are talking about “The Nun 2018” movie.

3. Present Continuous ใชกบเหตการณในอนาคต ทผพดมแผนการทจะกระทำและม

เจตนากลาววาเหตการณดงกลาวจะเกดขนแนนอน

Examples: I am leaving early again today.

Monica is traveling to a lot of countries in Europe

this year.

Our company is launching the new policy.

We are not celebrating Christmas this year.

Grammar Note

เราไมนยมใชกรยาแสดงความรสก กบ Present Continuous แตในทางกลบ

กน เรานยมใช Present Simple แทน

Examples: She loves eating oranges.

I need you now.

My friend hates lying.

Present Continuous in Interrogative Sentences

is, am, are + S + V. ing?

What

Why

Who

are

am

Are

am

Is

you

I

these people

I

she

doing?

smoking?

learning

speaking

coming

English?

with?

tonight?

Examples: Where are we going?

Are we visiting our grandparents this weekend?

What is she doing?

Grammar Note

Present Simple VS Present Continuous

Exercise Complete the sentences with the present simple or present

continuous form of these verbs.

check not/do not/eat go learn play

read spend

1. We __________________ a new language at the moment.

2. My friends and I often __________________ time at each other’s houses.

3. One moment! I ______________________ my emails and them I’m ready to go.

เรองทวไป / เรองจรง / เรองปจจบน

กจวตร / นสย / ความรสก

บอกอนาคต: ตาราง / คมนาคม

เกดขน ณ ขณะพด

กระแส หรอ สถานการณปจจบน

บอกอนาคต: เจตนาวาเกดแนนอน

The sun rises in the east.

He is sleeping now.

She always wakes up early.

Dan is dating with Patty.

The train leaves at 6:30 AM.

I am leaving early today.

page 9

4. How often __________ you ___________ to the gym?

5. I ____________________ a really interesting book at the moment.

6. Currently, a friend of mine _________________ any sweets and he says he feels

healthier.

7. I’m nearly eighty but I __________________ any exercise!

8. Which computer game _____________ you ______________? It looks fun.

Exercise Complete the sentences. Use the present continuous and present

simple form of the verbs.

cook not cycle do go

play prepare

1. Carl usually __________________ on Wednesday.

2. The boys often __________________ hiking in the holidays.

3. _________________ David ______________ tennis at the moment?

4. She ___________ to work today – it’s raining.

5. Please wait. The pharmacist ___________________ the medicine.

6. We always ______________________ gardening at the weekend.

Grammar Note

เปนคำกรยา มความหมายวา รสก

วธการใช

1. FEEL (experience): to experience something

physical or emotional

Examples: He's still feeling a little weak after his operation.

My eyes feel really sore.

I never feel safe when Richard is driving.

Never in her life had she felt so happy

Feel

page 66

page 10

.

2. FEEL like something: to have a wish for something, or to want to do

something, at a particular moment

Examples: I feel like going for a swim.

I feel like having a nice cool glass of lemonade.

"Are you coming to aerobics?" "No, I don't feel like it today."

3. FEEL (opinion): to have an opinion about or attitude towards something

Examples: She feels she's overdue for promotion.

I felt it was my duty to tell them the truth.

I feel that learning English will help my chances of promotion.

The critics felt that the film was too long.

4. FEEL (touch): to touch something in order to discover something about it

Examples: He felt the side of the kettle to see if it was still hot.

He could feel the springs sticking through the mattress.

Feel the temperature of the water before getting into the bath.

I thought I felt a drop of rain.

measuring

The small country of Bhutan in the Himalayan mountains is over one thousand years old. In the past it was a poor country and not many people visited it. But nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular with tourists. Medicine and health is improving and its economy is growing. King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the king of Bhutan until 2006, talked about his country's 'Gross National Happiness'. In other words, he thought happiness is the way to measure the country's development.

But how do you measure happiness? Perhaps health is the best way because a famous doctor once said, 'Happy people generally don't get sick.' It's also easy to measure how many people feel ill or unhealthy in a country. For example, one survey says Iceland is the 'healthiest country. in the world' because men and women live a long time there, the air is very clean and there are more doctors available per person than anywhere else in the world. However, there was another survey of the happiest countries in the world and Iceland was not near the top. The questions on this survey included: How much do you earn? How healthy are you? How safe do you feel? After visiting 155 different countries, the researchers decided that Denmark feels happier than other countries.

So does happiness equal money and good health? Not according to the artist Erik Krikortz He feels that there are other ways of measuring happiness. Krikortz has a website and visitors click on different happy or sad faces to comment on how well they sleep, their family and friends, their level of stress, their inspiration and their physical activity. When you finish, his website adds the results for each area and it gives you a final result for your happiness.

In his home city of Stockholm, Krikortz also shows the results of his survey as different coloured lights on the side of a large building in the city. For example, red means the people of Stockholm are very happy, green is OK and purple means many people are sad. 'A lot of people look at the building every day and see how "we" are,' Krikortz says. The coloured lights are also useful if you feel like visiting the city. For example, if the lights are red, you know the locals are feeling happy!

page 11

คำศพทเพมเตมนาสนใจ (Additional Interesting Vocabulary)

Vocabulary Examples

• Fall asleep (v.) หลบใน Students fell asleep during my lecture.

• Take a nap (v.) หลบ I want to take a nap for a minute.

• Centenarian (n.) คนแกอายรอยป Many centenarians keep working out.

• Headache (n.) ปวดหว I have a headache.

• Back ache (n.) ปวดหลง My mother usually has back ache.

• Runny nose (n.) นำมกไหล Runny nose is not really serious.

• Earache (n.) ปวดห Earaches usually occur in children.

• Stomachache (n.) ปวดทอง Jane had a stomachache this morning.

• A temperature/ a fever I had a fever last night.

• A sore throat (n.) เจบคอ Sore throats don’t last so long.

• A bad cough (n.) ไอเรอรง See the doctor if you have a bad cough.

• Seasonal allergies (n.) ภมแพตามฤดกาล Seasonal allergies make you miserable.

• Dizzy (adj.) มนหว I felt dizzy after nodding my head.

• Diarrhea (n.) ทองเสย She got diarrhea.

• Bruise (n.) รอยชำ I have a lot of bruises at my back.

วธการออกเสยงคำทลงทายดวย -s / -es

/s/ (Voiceless) /z/ (Voiced) /iz/ (Sibilant)

P cups stops, sleeps

T hats, students, writes

K cooks, books, drinks,

B crabs, rubs

D cards, words, rides,

G rugs, bags, begs

C races

S pauses, nurses, buses

X fixes, boxes, hoaxes

Pronunciation

page 12

F cliffs, sniffs, beliefs,

laughs, graphs,

apostrophes

TH myths, tablecloths,

L deals calls, falls, hills

M plums, dreams

N fans, drains, runs, pens

NG kings, belongs, sings

R wears, cures

V gloves, wives, shelves

Y plays, boys, says,

THE clothes, bathes

VOWEL SOUNDS sees, fleas

Z amazes, freezes

SS kisses, misses, passes,

CH churches, sandwiches,

SH dishes, wishes, pushes,

GE garages, changes

Pronounce these words!

Quizzes Shops Cookies Waits

Plans Destroys Jobs Months

Sauces Hugs Malls Shares

คำบางคำในภาษาองกฤษนน ใชเสยงสระเดยวกนแตสะกดตางกน

Sore Saw

Core Call

Head Bed

Throat Note

Cough Off

Ache Wake

Ear Here

WARNING!

www.askdoctorneal.com

HOME

Petra: I returned from a walking holiday in the

Himalayas a week ago and now I feel

sick. Do you think it's from the trip?

Dr Neal: It could be from the holiday or it could

be something you ate at home. But you

should visit your doctor or hospital

immediately!

Seth: Hi! I often have problems sleeping at night

so I'm tired all the time. Have you got any

advice?

Dr Neal: Sorry to hear this. Do you drink coffee before

bed? It has caffeine and this often stops people

sleeping. Try drinking herbal tea or a glass of

warm milk because these drinks don't have any

caffeine.

Sabine: I'm worried about my health. I like doing exercise,

but I spend all day working in front of a

computer. What can I do?

Dr Neal: How do you travel to work? You could go by

bicycle. It's good for your health AND it saves you

money.

Dr.Neal S.

IS AM ARE Clinic

page 13

การใชคำเชอม (Conjunction)

And : เราใชในการเชอมคำหรอประโยคซงเปนไปในทศทางเดยวกน แปลวา “และ”

Examples: I like milk and coffee.

I woke up at 6:30 and washed my face.

Or : ใชในสถานการณเลอกเอาสงใดสงหนง แปลวา “หรอ”

Examples: Would you like tea or coffee

Do you want chocolate, strawberry or vanilla?

But : ใชในการแสดงความขดแยงของทงสองประโยค แปลวา “แต”

Examples: I like swimming, but I don't like dancing

It was raining, but I went to the beach.

So : ใชในการแสดงผลลพธ แปลวา “ดงนน”

Examples: I was very tired, so I went to sleep

It was raining, so I brought my umbrella.

Because : ใชในการแสดงเหตผล แปลวา “เพราะวา”

Examples: I went to the party because I wanted to see Peter.

I brought my umbrella because it was raining.

Practice เตมประโยคใหสมบรณโดยใช and, or, so, but, because

1. In summer we wear light clothes ________ the weather is hot.

2. I have a tooth ache ________ I must see a dentist as early as I can.

3. It is rainy ________ windy today.

4. I like walking ________ I never go to school on foot ___________ it is 10

miles away from home.

Writing

5. My son is calm ________ easy-going ________ my daughter is very

moody ________ they never agree together.

6. I am English ________I live in the USA ________ I work with a company

there.

7. You could try painting ________ dancing if you are looking for a new

hobby.

8. Jane hates swimming ________ she spends her summer holidays on the

beach ________ she loves sunbathing.

9. It is always rainy in winter _______ you should take an umbrella with you.

10. Fast foods are delicious ________ usually unhealthy ________ people should avoid them.

Practice Chapter Review:

Every day, Nazroo 1 drives / is driving elephants for a living, but, as you can see

here, 2 he takes / he's taking his favourite elephant, Rajan, for a swim. In this

photo 3 they swim / they're swimming in the sea around Andaman Island.

Sometimes they 4 like/ are liking to relax this way after a hard day. I was surprised

because Rajan doesn't seem /isn't seeming worried about being under the water.

I guess it feels good after a long, hot day at work.

Practice Which words can follow the verb in CAPITAL letters? Delete the

incorrect word.

1. FEEL tired, happy, ache, sick

2. DO exercise, housework, relaxing, yoga

3. PLAY golf, swimming, games, tennis

4. GO marathon, racing, hiking, driving

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Real life

Practice Choose the correct words to complete the

conversation between two friends.

A: 1 How do / Do you feel?

B: Not very 2 well / ill. I've got a 3 pain / sore throat,

A: 4 Do you feel / Have you got a high temperature?

B: I don't know. I feel a bit hot.

A: 5 Try / You need drinking some honey and lemon in hot water.

B: Good idea.

A: But 6 you should / it's a good idea also see your doctor.