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Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Romanticism Set out to evoke evoke the wonder of the nations landscape. Hudson River School Wild nature vs. Gentle Nature Slide 9 Literature James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans Deerslayer Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass Herman Melville Moby Dick Edgar Allan Poe LOVE HIM! Slide 10 Transcendentalism Ideas traced to New England Puritans but some Transcendentalists were followers of Buddhism and other Asian traditions. Transcendentalism: philosophical and literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination. Stressed American ideas of optimism, freedom, and self-reliance. Ralph Waldo Emerson: New England writer Stressed emotional forms of expression. Henry David Thoreau: Urged people not to obey laws they considered unjust. Believed in civil disobedience: peacefully refusing to obey laws seen as unjust. Did not support US government. Slide 11 The Second Great Awakening Charles Grandison Finney: Most famous preacher of this time: Father of Modern Revivalism Emphasized Individual responsibility for seeking salvation. Slide 12 Utopian Communities Experimental communities who tried to create a utopia or perfect place. Varied but shared a common goal of self- sufficiency. Two Best-Known New Harmony, Indiana Brook Farm, Massachusetts Usually lasted no more than a few years. Slide 13 Mormons 1827: Joseph Smith: Established the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Settled in Nauvoo, Illinois in 1839. Within 5 years: 20,000 in community. Belief in human perfection. Very rigid social structure. Often people who felt displaced Genuine faith Social order Slide 14 Shaker Communities Followed the teachings of Ann Lee New York, New England, Frontier. Shared goods with each other Believed men and women were equal Refused to fight for any reason Vowed not to marry or have any children 1840: 6,000 1999: 7 Slide 15 Education Reform Prior to mid-1800s no uniform educational policy in the US. Horace Mann: best known education reformer of the time. 1837: Became first Secretary of the MA Board of Education. By 1850s every state funded public elementary schools. Slide 16 Prison Reform Prior to mid-1800s prison system seemed to go against everything US stood for. Dorothea Dix: best-known social reformer of the time. Fought for reforms for mentally ill; often housed in prisons. Persuaded Massachusetts Legislature to fund a new mental hospital. Found prisoners who were mentally ill chained and loosing the use of limbs because they were not allowed to walk around. Slide 17 Slide 18 Womens duties were the home and family; nothing more. Housework and Child care were the only acceptable activities for married women. Cult of Domesticity. Could not vote or sit on a jury while they did pay taxes. When you married your property went to your husband. Lacked guardianship rights over children. Womens Roles in the Mid-1800s Slide 19 Cult of Domesticity 1800s2000s Slide 20 Women and Education Reform Sarah Grimke: Letters on the Equality of Sexes and the Condition of Women Emma Willard: Troy Female Seminary: model for a new type of womens school. Mary Lyon: Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. Slide 21 Women and Education Reform Oberlin Prudence Crandall: opened a school for girls in CT. Admitted a African American girl 2 years later. Slide 22 Women and Health Reform Elizabeth Blackwell Catherine Beecher: National Survey of Womens Health in the 1850s. Amelia Bloomer Slide 23 Womens Rights Movement Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucretia Mott: 1848: Hold a womens rights convention: Seneca Falls Convention. Created the Declaration of Sentiments: detailed statement of grievances. Slide 24 Slide 25 Sojourner Truth Slide 26 Temperance Movement Effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. Slide 27 Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 Story of Mary Ellen The story of the plight to save Mary Ellen was the first time anyone had thought of a service to save children who were being abused. Before this what was the mentality? What came first a institution to save animals, children, or women? Slide 31 Abolitionist Movement 1820s: Over 100 antislavery societies were advocating for resettlement of blacks in Africa. Many whites joined the call for abolition: call to outlaw slavery. Charles Finney called slavery a great national sin Slide 32 Great Abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison: Most radical White abolitionist. Slide 33 Great Abolitionists David Walker: Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Slide 34 Great Abolitionists James Forten: Great-Grandfather was a slave. Slide 35 Great Abolitionists Frederick Douglass: Born a slave. 1838: Slave with skilled job in Baltimore; escaped. Slide 36 Slide 37 Great Abolitionists Went to NYC; avid reader of The Liberator. Slide 38 Abolition of Slavery Despite prejudice they felt they were a main force in the reform movements of the mid 1800s. Sarah and Angelina Grimke: Daughters of a South Carolina Slave owner. Ardent Abolitionists Slide 39 Slide 40 Slide 41 Slide 42 Amistad Case Slide 43 Uncle Toms Cabin First as a column in antislavery weekly. 1852 published as a book. Sold over 300,000 copies. Combined emotional conventions of the sentimental novel with political ideas of abolition movement.