ScientificRevolution

Scientific AwakeningDuring the Middle Ages•Scholarly ideas were based on ancient Greek thinkers.

•People thought the Earth was not flat, but couldn’t prove it.

•Ideas still reflected the Church Doctrine with the Earth as the center of the universe

A directional change in thinking occurs

• People began to search for truth rather than accept what had always been believed

• Inspired by the renaissance idea of questioning and challenging tradition

Contributors to the

scientific revolution

Astronomy, Physics and Mathematics

Nicholas Copernicus

Galileo Galilei

Sir Isaac Newton

Sir Francis Bacon

René Descartes

First to suggest heliocentric theoryThe belief that the sun is the center of the universe. But he had no proof.Invented the telescope- used it to prove Copernicus’ theoryForced to recant belief by the Catholic ChurchEstablished Laws of motion, universal law of gravityThis knowledge will be applied to machinery used for IndustrializationDeveloped the Scientific MethodBelieved that truth resulted only from a thorough investigation of evidenceDeveloped mathematical concepts that aided further scientific researchBelieved that truth must be reached through reason

Biology andHuman Anatomy

Andreas Vesalius

William Harvey

Robert Hooke

Disproved theories about human body that had been based on dissecting apes Used dissection of human bodies to determine how the body workedContinued efforts to expand knowledge of human anatomyDiscovered how blood circulates through the body via the heartInvented the MicroscopeUsed it to discover cells

Chemistry

Robert Boyle

Joseph Priestley

Antoine and Marie Lavoisier

Father of Modern ChemistryExperimented with gases and pressureHis work will be applied to machinery for industrializationExperimented with oxygenDiscovered Carbon DioxideHis work will be applied to machinery for industrialization Used knowledge of Priestley to study combustionTheir work will be applied to machinery for industrialization

Impact of the Scientific Revolution

Challenging Church TraditionsEnlightenment Philosophy

Industrial RevolutionAdvances in MedicineCultural Revolution

Enlightenment Philosophy

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

Hugo Grotius

Baron de Montesquieu

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Mary Wollstonecraft

Denis Diderot

Social Contract

Natural RightsLimited Government

Natural Law

Separation of PowersChecks and BalancesAuthority to overthrow an abusive governmentPopular SovereigntyFirst FeministBelieved men and women were equal and should be treated equallyBelieved in the importance of preserving knowledgePublished the first Encyclopedia

Applying scientific reasoning to philosophy and law (government)

Challenging Church Doctrine•The Church banned any writings that contradicted church doctrine.

•Galileo faced inquisition because his book provided proof of inconsistencies between church teaching and reality.

•If the church was wrong about the earth being the center of the universe, what else is it wrong about?

“God is the author of two great books—the book of scripture and the book of nature. These cannot be in conflict; so any apparent contradictions come from fallible human interpretations…Scripture is a book about how to go to heaven; not a book about how heaven goes.”

- Galileo

Galileo