section 1e critical thinking in everyday life pages 67-80 general guidelines: 1.read (or listen)...

Section 1ESection 1ECritical Thinking In Everyday LifeCritical Thinking In Everyday Life

pages 67-80pages 67-80

General Guidelines:General Guidelines:

1.1. Read (or listen) carefully.Read (or listen) carefully.

2.2. Look for hidden assumptions.Look for hidden assumptions.

3.3. Identify the real issue.Identify the real issue.

4.4. Use visual aids.Use visual aids.

5.5. Understand all the options.Understand all the options.

6.6. Watch for fine print and missing Watch for fine print and missing information.information.

7.7. Are other conclusions possible?Are other conclusions possible?

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Critical Thinking In Everyday Critical Thinking In Everyday LifeLife

General Guidelines.General Guidelines.1.1. Read (or listen) carefully.Read (or listen) carefully.2.2. Look for hidden assumptions.Look for hidden assumptions.3.3. Identify the real issue.Identify the real issue.4.4. Use visual aids.Use visual aids.5.5. Understand all the options.Understand all the options.6.6. Watch for fine print and missing Watch for fine print and missing information.information.7.7. Are other conclusions possible?Are other conclusions possible?

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Example 1Example 1

Shall there be an amendment to the Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado constitution to prohibit the Colorado constitution to prohibit the state of Colorado and any of its political state of Colorado and any of its political subdivisions from adopting or enforcing subdivisions from adopting or enforcing any law or policy which provides that any law or policy which provides that homosexual, lesbian, or bisexual homosexual, lesbian, or bisexual orientation, conduct or relationships orientation, conduct or relationships constitutes or entitles a person to claim constitutes or entitles a person to claim any minority or protected status, quota any minority or protected status, quota preferences, or discrimination?preferences, or discrimination?

Shall there be an amendmentShall there be an amendment to to the Colorado constitution the Colorado constitution toto prohibitprohibit the the state state of Colorado and of Colorado and any of its political subdivisions from any of its political subdivisions from adopting or enforcing any lawadopting or enforcing any law or or policy policy which provides that which provides that homosexualhomosexual, lesbian, or bisexual , lesbian, or bisexual orientation, conduct or orientation, conduct or relationshipsrelationships constitutes or constitutes or entitleentitles s a person to claim any minority or a person to claim any minority or protected status, quota protected status, quota preferences, or discriminationpreferences, or discrimination??Yes Yes = vote = vote againstagainst gay rights gay rights

No No = vote = vote forfor gay rights gay rights



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Example 2Example 2

We should build more prisons We should build more prisons because incarcerating more because incarcerating more criminals will reduce the crime rate.criminals will reduce the crime rate.

with Hidden Assumptions:with Hidden Assumptions:

P:P: [[If we build more prisons, more criminalsIf we build more prisons, more criminalscan be put in them.can be put in them.]]P:P: If we incarcerate more criminals, then the If we incarcerate more criminals, then thecrime rate will be reduced.crime rate will be reduced.P:P: [[If the crime rate is reduced, then we willIf the crime rate is reduced, then we willhave a more desirable society.have a more desirable society.]]P:P: [[If a policy leads to a more desirable If a policy leads to a more desirable

society, then we should enact it.society, then we should enact it.]]C:C: We should build more prisons. We should build more prisons.



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Example 3Example 3

With last Saturday’s sellout crowd at With last Saturday’s sellout crowd at the Moonlight Amphitheater, it is clear the Moonlight Amphitheater, it is clear that the parking problem has become that the parking problem has become hopeless. Concert goers parked along hopeless. Concert goers parked along residential streets up to a mile away residential streets up to a mile away from the amphitheater, badly from the amphitheater, badly overcrowding sidewalks, blocking overcrowding sidewalks, blocking driveways, and disrupting traffic. In driveways, and disrupting traffic. In light of this parking problem, future light of this parking problem, future rock concerts should be canceled.rock concerts should be canceled.

Parking Parking oror Rock Concerts Rock Concerts



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Example 4Example 4

A single person who can be claimed as a A single person who can be claimed as a dependent on another person’s tax return dependent on another person’s tax return and is either 65 or older or blind must file and is either 65 or older or blind must file a return ifa return if

i) earned income was more than $5350 i) earned income was more than $5350 ($6400 if 65 or older and blind) or($6400 if 65 or older and blind) or

ii) unearned income was more than $1750 ii) unearned income was more than $1750 ($2800 if 65 or older and blind) or($2800 if 65 or older and blind) or

iii) gross income was more than the total of iii) gross income was more than the total of earned income (up to $4300) or $700, earned income (up to $4300) or $700, whichever is greater plus $1050 ($2100 if whichever is greater plus $1050 ($2100 if 65 or over and blind)65 or over and blind)

Chase is 15, and claimed as a Chase is 15, and claimed as a dependent on his parent’s tax return. dependent on his parent’s tax return. He has an earned income of $6500. He has an earned income of $6500. Does this policy apply to Chase? Does this policy apply to Chase? Must he file a return?Must he file a return?

This policy does not apply to Chase.

Carmen is single, 24, blind, claimed as Carmen is single, 24, blind, claimed as a dependent on her parent’s return. a dependent on her parent’s return. Her earned income is $6500, and her Her earned income is $6500, and her unearned income is $750. Must she unearned income is $750. Must she file a return?file a return?

Her Her earned earned income income is more is more than than $5350 – $5350 – so YES so YES she must she must file a file a return.return.

Serena is 68, single, blind, claimed as a Serena is 68, single, blind, claimed as a dependent on her son’s return. Her dependent on her son’s return. Her gross income is $2500, earned gross income is $2500, earned income is $550. Must she file a income is $550. Must she file a return?return?

$2500 is less than $6400 and is less than the greater of $2650 and $2800.

So, NO she must not file a return.



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Example 5Example 5You are planning a trip six months in You are planning a trip six months in

advance and discover you have two advance and discover you have two ticket options:ticket options:

A fare of $1100, but 25% is A fare of $1100, but 25% is nonrefundable if you change or nonrefundable if you change or cancel the ticket.cancel the ticket.

A fully refundable ticket is available A fully refundable ticket is available for $1900.for $1900.

Ticket ATicket A– GO: $1100GO: $1100– Cancel: $275Cancel: $275

Ticket BTicket B– GO: $1900GO: $1900– Cancel: $0Cancel: $0



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Example 6Example 6

““I’ve enclosed $1.50 (that’s 1I’ve enclosed $1.50 (that’s 1¢¢ for for 12 CDs plus $1.49 for enrollment 12 CDs plus $1.49 for enrollment charge). I agree to buy 6 CDs at charge). I agree to buy 6 CDs at regular Club prices within the next regular Club prices within the next two years.two years.

A shipping/handling charge is added to each shipment. A shipping/handling charge is added to each shipment. Applicable sales tax added to each order.Applicable sales tax added to each order.

The 12 CD’s arrived with an invoice of $36.50!



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Example 7Example 7The development of nuclear weapons changed the way The development of nuclear weapons changed the way

world leaders think about potential conflicts. A single world leaders think about potential conflicts. A single nuclear weapon can kill millions of people, and the nuclear weapon can kill millions of people, and the arsenals of the United States and the Soviet Union arsenals of the United States and the Soviet Union contained enough power to kill everyone on Earth contained enough power to kill everyone on Earth many times over. This potential for catastrophic many times over. This potential for catastrophic damage led to the idea of nuclear deterrence, which damage led to the idea of nuclear deterrence, which held that the United States and the Soviet Union held that the United States and the Soviet Union would be deterred from direct warfare by the fear of would be deterred from direct warfare by the fear of nuclear war. For the more than 45 years of the Cold nuclear war. For the more than 45 years of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union never did War, the United States and the Soviet Union never did fight directly. This was one of the longest periods in fight directly. This was one of the longest periods in human history during which two major enemies human history during which two major enemies avoided direct war. We can only conclude that avoided direct war. We can only conclude that nuclear deterrence prevented war between the United nuclear deterrence prevented war between the United States and the Soviet Union.States and the Soviet Union.

We can only conclude that nuclear deterrence We can only conclude that nuclear deterrence prevented war between the United States and the prevented war between the United States and the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

ExamplesExamplesDoes it Make Sense?Does it Make Sense?

7/757/75 Sue prefers the Red Shuttle because Sue prefers the Red Shuttle because it gets her to the airport in an hour and it gets her to the airport in an hour and a half, while the Blue Shuttle takes 80 a half, while the Blue Shuttle takes 80 minutes.minutes.

10/7510/75 Auto policy A has $3000 worth of Auto policy A has $3000 worth of collision insurance with an annual collision insurance with an annual premium of $400. Auto policy B has premium of $400. Auto policy B has $3000 worth of collision insurance with $3000 worth of collision insurance with an annual premium of $300. Clearly an annual premium of $300. Clearly policy B is the better policy.policy B is the better policy.

ExamplesExamplesHidden AssumptionsHidden Assumptions

13/7513/75 We should stop renting and We should stop renting and buy a house now because interest buy a house now because interest rates are so low.rates are so low.

Identify at least 2 hidden assumptions:Identify at least 2 hidden assumptions:

Financial capability, locale stability…..

ExamplesExamplesDecision MakingDecision Making

32/7832/78 I need a special computer for I need a special computer for a project I will be working on for a project I will be working on for the next 3 months. After that, I the next 3 months. After that, I will no longer need the computer. will no longer need the computer. I can lease the computer for I can lease the computer for $350/month, or I can buy it for $350/month, or I can buy it for $2100. If I resell it after 3 $2100. If I resell it after 3 months, I can expect to get months, I can expect to get $1200.$1200.Lease Cost: Lease Cost: 3x$350=$10503x$350=$1050

Purchase Cost: Purchase Cost: $2100 -$1200 = $900$2100 -$1200 = $900

HomeworkHomework

Pages 75-79Pages 75-79

#12, 19, 24, 36#12, 19, 24, 36

section 1e critical thinking in everyday life pages 67-80 general guidelines: 1.read (or listen)...

Documents

e slide

hidden assumptions

e critical thinking

fine print

missing information

gay rights slide

real issue

visual aids