Secundarios movement on the Chilean dictatorshipa social movement or an interest group?GabrielDurnWhen we try to analyze any social phenomenon, what we are doing is to simplify andorder a stormy net of complex relations !elations that are not static, and much lesseasilyobservable"measurable# $o, all wesee, orrather,all werepresent dependstotally on the categories and perspective we are using %onetheless, there are someagrees of what we see as reality& as we live on society, we share most of the startingpoints of the observed reality 't least, we share those points of view with certaingroupsorcommunitiesthat legitimateourrealityconstruction $o, toanalyzeandcategorize a social phenomenon, as the Secundarios movement that ta(e place on the)*+ on the Chileandictatorship,we have to explainour pointof view,we have toshow the place we hare standing from What we consider a social movement? Whatare the limits of that category? ,s it a static category? %aming the reality is an exercisethat must be done with a clear (nowledge of the conse-uence it could have 'lwayswhen we name something, there is a violent act of excluding other possibilities .hen,inthisessay, wearegoingtodiscussabout themainfeaturesof thismovement"Secundarios# that can be attributed to what we consider an interest group or a socialmovement, but always in a discussion "dynamic# way .he thesis of this essay is that /despite of the particular goals of theSecundariosmovement/it canbenamedasasocial movement that transcendsall thesociety0aybe the goals that are proposed by the Secundariosmovement could be seen asnon1transcendent ones, or too particularistic, but what , am trying to propose is thatthe Secundariosmovement is one of the huge factors that have helped to get downthe Chilean dictatorship .he Secundarios movement too( place on the decade of the )*+ on the context of theChilean dictatorship ,n short, it was a movement that has gathered different groupsand organizations that was inscribed on the framewor( of the secondary education ofChile .hey did a huge fight against the established norms and institutions, wonderingspecific changes on their particular context $ome of the main goals pursued are2 a# toreduce the scholar rate of the public transport& b# to democratize the student centers /which, so far, had been designated by the school+s principals/& c# to get a universityentrance exam free of charge /to the moment it was paid/& and a fourth one that ismore important to the analyze and the relation with the whole society, d# theinstitutionof astateminister toinvestigatedeaths of secondarystudents onthe%ational 3rotest Days .he protests have ta(e place on the years of the Chileans civilsociety+smobilizingcapacity renaissance4ntheyears between56)7 and56)8, ittoo( place in Chile a great set of citizens+ fights against the dictatorship imposed by'ugusto 3inochet With different levels of violence, they all agree in something, theend of the dictatorship must be as soon as it is possible $o,what is therealcontribution of theSecundarios+ movement tothe huge socialmovement that was ta(ing place on the Chilean civil society? Can it be called itself asa social movement? 4r it only ta(es part as a social organization that contributes tothe social movement? , thin( that there is no doubt that the secondary+s movement isnot an interest group or a simply association that has some non1transcendent goals ,tgets far away from a material or economic pursue, it is a complex political movementthat has not explicit transcendent goals, but it is framed on a huge aim of freedom anddemocracy .he Secundarios movement has an implicit aim, which is reflected on theparticipants+ speeches5, but is not materialized on the explicit re-uests that has beendelivered to the authorities of the time 'll the means that they considered to get theiraims were outside the institutional channels, school sit in, mass meetings, pic(eting,all protests that defied the established norms and develop a concrete fight against thestate3olice .hesecondarymovement is afight against thedictatorship, against3inochet, against the static position of the Chilean civil society, against the violationoffreedom ,t hasalocal orparticularisticsenseontheexplicit re-uests, but animplicitwidescopethathelpedthewholesocietytorepresentitselfasapotentialagent of change, concretely, of institutional and political change 'nswering the initial -uestion, the Secundarios movement is a social movement thathas afundamental importanceonthedevelopment of theChileancivil society+spoliticization ,t isasocial movement framedonabiggerone ,t isacontinuousdialogue with the particular needs of the $ecundariosand the biggest aims of thecivil society as a whole $o it is a social movement that can be analyzed from differentperspective, depending the focus that we are doing, the local "particular# pointor thesocial one 5 $howed on the documentary 9'ctores $ecundarios:, 3achi ;ustos < =orge >eiva, ?**@, Chile References;ustos, 3, < >eiva, = "Direction# "?**@# Actores Secundarios ADocumentaryB ChileWords2 )C)