standard(s) addressed: 11.2 students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization,...
TRANSCRIPT
STANDARD(S) ADDRESSED: 11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of
industrialization, large-scale rural to urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern
Europe.LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Explain how the abundance of natural resources, new recovery and refining methods, and new uses for them led to intensive industrialization.
2. Identify inventions that changed the way people lived and worked.
Section 1
The Expansion of IndustryAt the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fuel an industrial boom.
NEXT
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
The Growth of Industry• By 1920s, U.S. is world’s leading industrial power,
due to:- wealth of natural resources- government support for business- growing urban population
The Expansion of Industry1SECTION
NEXT
Continued . . .
SECTION 1: A New Industrial Age
• Natural resources and new ideas create a boom for industry and railroads. Government addresses corruption in business, and laborers organize for better working conditions.
THE EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY
• After the Civil War (1865) the U.S. was still largely agriculture
• By 1920, the U.S. was the leading industrial power in the world
• This enormous growth was due to three factors; – 1) Natural Resources
– 2) Governmental support – 3) Urbanization
At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fuel an industrial boom.
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
The Growth of Industry• By 1920s, U.S. is world’s leading
industrial power, due to:- wealth of natural resources- government support for business- growing urban population
• After the Civil War, the United States was still a mostly rural nation.
• By the 1920’s it had become a leading industrial nation of the world.
• This immense change was caused by three major factors.
Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources1. Which resources played crucial roles in industrialization?
Crude oil; iron ore; coal
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
The Expansion of Industry1SECTION
NEXT
Black Gold• Pre-European arrival, Native Americans make
fuel, medicine from oil • 1859, Edwin L. Drake successfully uses steam
engine to drill for oil• Petroleum-refining industry first makes kerosene,
then gasolineContinued . . .
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
BLACK GOLD• Pre-European arrival, Native
Americans make fuel, medicine from oil
• 1859, Edwin L. Drake successfully uses steam engine to drill for oil
• Petroleum-refining industry first makes kerosene, then gasoline
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
• In 1859, Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for oil
• This breakthrough started an oil boom in the Midwest and later Texas
• At first the process was limited to transforming the oil into kerosene and throwing out the gasoline -- a by-product of the process
• Later, the gasoline was used for cars
Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources2. How did Edwin L. Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
Used a steam engine to extract oil from beneath the earth's surface
Bessemer Steel Process• Abundant deposits of coal, iron spur industry• Bessemer process puts air into iron to remove
carbon to make steel• Later open-hearth process makes steel from scrap
or raw materials
1SECTION
NEXT
continued Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
BESSEMER CONVERTOR CIRCA 1880
Bessemer Steel Process
Abundant deposits of coal, iron spur industry
• Bessemer process puts air into iron to remove carbon to make steel
• Later open-hearth process makes steel from scrap or raw materials
• Oil was not the only valuable natural resource
• Coal and iron were plentiful within the U.S.
• When you removed the carbon from iron, the result was a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant compound – Steel
• The Bessemer process did just did (Henry Bessemer & William Kelly)
Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources
3. How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
Was a cheap, efficient method for turning iron ore into steel
1SECTION
NEXT
continued Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
New Uses for Steel• Steel used in railroads, barbed wire, farm machines• Changes construction: Brooklyn Bridge; steel-framed
skyscrapers
STEEL
New Uses for Steel• Steel used in railroads, • barbed wire, • farm machines• Changes construction: • Brooklyn Bridge; • steel-framed
skyscrapers
NEW USES FOR STEEL • The railroads,
with thousands of miles of track, were the biggest customers for steel
• Other uses emerged: bridge construction (Brooklyn Bridge- 1883),and the first skyscrapers
BROOKLYN BRIDGE
SPANS 1595 FEET IN NYC
American skyscraper• William Le Baron Jenney was an
American architect and engineer who is known for building the first skyscraper in 1884 and became known as the Father of the American skyscraper.
Factor 1: Abundant Natural Resources4. What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
Railroads;
barbed wire;
farm machines;
bridge
and skyscraper construction
CH6:1
• A – What natural resources were most important for industrialization? – Oil, coal, iron ore, water.
• Why are these resources important?– Spurred growth in various industries.
Inventions Promote Change
An Age of Inventions• Numerous new inventions change the landscape,
life, work
1SECTION
NEXT
Continued . . .
An Age of Inventions: List all of the technological inventions of between 1826 to 1903.
• Photograph• Reaper• Telegraph• Sewing machine• Internal combustion
Engine• Dynamite• Typewriter• Electric Motor
• Electric Motor• Telephone• Phonograph• Light bulb• Radio • Motion pictures• X-ray• Airplane
Inventions Promote Change
1SECTION
NEXT
The Power of Electricity• 1876, Thomas Alva Edison establishes first
research laboratory- 1880, patents incandescent light bulb- creates system for electrical production, distribution
• Electricity changes business; by 1890, runs numerous machines
• Becomes available in homes; encourages invention of appliances
• Allows manufacturers to locate plants anyplace; industry grows Continued . . .
Thomas Alva Edison the wizard of Menlo park
– Set up a research laboratory;
– Perfected the incandescent light bulb;
– Created a system for producing and distributing electrical power;
– Built power plants.
Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions5. How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
Set up a research laboratory;
perfected the incandescent light-bulb;
created a system for producing and distributing electrical power;
built power plants
An Age of Inventions: List all of the technological inventions of between 1826 to 1903.
• Photograph• Reaper• Telegraph• Sewing machine• Internal combustion
Engine• Dynamite• Typewriter• Electric Motor
• Electric Motor• Telephone• Phonograph• Light bulb• Radio • Motion pictures• X-ray• Airplane
Internal combustion engine
THE POWER OF ELECTRICITY
• 1876, Thomas Alva Edison establishes first research laboratory- 1880, patents incandescent light bulb- creates system for electrical production, distribution
• Electricity changes business; by 1890, runs numerous machines
• Becomes available in homes; encourages invention of appliances
• Allows manufacturers to locate plants anyplace; industry grows
THE POWER OF ELECTRICITY
• 1876- Thomas Alva Edison established the world’s first research lab in New Jersey
• Edison was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name
• The DC supply system provided electricity supplies to street lamps and several private dwellings within a short distance of the station.
• On January 19, 1883, the first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey.
CH6:1
• B – How did electricity change American life?– It changed the nature of business, – made possible the invention of new
appliances, – and helped cities and industries to grow.
George Westinghouse, Jr
• An American entrepreneur and engineer who invented the railway air brake and was a pioneer of the electrical industry. Westinghouse was one of Thomas Edison's main rivals in the early implementation of the American electricity system. Westinghouse's system ultimately prevailed over Edison's insistence on direct current.
• GW develop the alternating current system.
Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
6. How did George Westinghouse contribute to it?
Made electricity safer and less expensive
continued Inventions Promote Change
Inventions Change Lifestyles• Christopher Sholes invents typewriter in 1867• 1876, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Watson
introduce telephone• Office work changes; by 1910, women are 40% of
clerical workers• Inventions impact factory work, lead to
industrialization- clothing factories hire many women
• Industrialization makes jobs easier; improves standard of living- by 1890, average workweek 10 hours shorter- as consumers, workers regain power in market
• Some laborers think mechanization reduces value of human worker
1SECTION
NEXT
Christopher Sholes:
– Invented the typewriter• His invention forever affected office work and
paperwork• It also opened many new jobs for women • 1870: Women made up less than 5% of workforce • 1910: They made up 40%
Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
7. How did Christopher Sholes contribute?
Invented the typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell– Invented the telephone.– Unveiled invention in 1876
Factor 2: Increasing Number of Inventions
8. How did Alexander Graham Bell contribute?
Invented the telephone
Factor 3: Expanding Urban Population
Provided markets for new inventions and industrial goods
Provided a ready supply of labor for industry