Student ResistanceStudent Resistance

By: Mark Edelman BorenBy: Mark Edelman Boren

EffectsEffects

Educational ReformCivil RightsWorld War INational Politics

Educational ReformCivil RightsWorld War INational Politics

OriginsOrigins

Medieval AgeStarting around 1100 ADEuropean universitiesTown-Gown

Medieval AgeStarting around 1100 ADEuropean universitiesTown-Gown

St. Scholastica’s Day RiotSt. Scholastica’s Day Riot

February 10, 1354Town-Gown MeleeLasted Several DaysEnded with University’s

Supremacy over the Town

February 10, 1354Town-Gown MeleeLasted Several DaysEnded with University’s

Supremacy over the Town

Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation

Students support ProfessorsTeach peasants More Town-Gown Wars

Students support ProfessorsTeach peasants More Town-Gown Wars

John LockeJohn Locke

“Natural Law”Subjects will always rebel under

and unjust ruler

“Natural Law”Subjects will always rebel under

and unjust ruler

BurschenschaftenBurschenschaften

German student groupOrganizedCarl Follen- radical extremist

leaderCarl Sands- assassinated popular

writer

German student groupOrganizedCarl Follen- radical extremist

leaderCarl Sands- assassinated popular

writer

Louis Auguste Blanqui Louis Auguste Blanqui

Organized students against French Monarchy 1830’s

Arrested then released after Revolution in 1848

Great influence on radical students

Organized students against French Monarchy 1830’s

Arrested then released after Revolution in 1848

Great influence on radical students

Non-European ResistanceNon-European Resistance

China- Mencius America- Abolitionist Student

groups

China- Mencius America- Abolitionist Student

groups

Radical RussiansRadical Russians

Alexander I-restricted student activismAlexander II-denied student

organization, raised tuitionLed to protests from students Dmitri Karakosov-attempt

assassinstionStudents turn to

terrorism/assassination

Alexander I-restricted student activismAlexander II-denied student

organization, raised tuitionLed to protests from students Dmitri Karakosov-attempt

assassinstionStudents turn to

terrorism/assassination

Continued OrganizationContinued Organization

Germany- Anti-Smetism and anti-catholic groups prevaled

Union Nationale des Estudiants de France (UNEF)

Germany- Anti-Smetism and anti-catholic groups prevaled

Union Nationale des Estudiants de France (UNEF)

Russian TerrorismRussian Terrorism

Continued revolts, strikes and retaliation

Captured students forced to work in Siberia until old enough to be exacuted

Students united in a strike over “Bloody Sunday Massacre”

Students solidarity led to downfall

Continued revolts, strikes and retaliation

Captured students forced to work in Siberia until old enough to be exacuted

Students united in a strike over “Bloody Sunday Massacre”

Students solidarity led to downfall

Start of World War IStart of World War I

1914 Princip and small group of radical Black Hand members ambush Archduke Franz Ferdinand

1914 Princip and small group of radical Black Hand members ambush Archduke Franz Ferdinand

China and Latin AmericaChina and Latin America

China- May Fourth MovementProtest against Japanese controlArgentina- Students able to

negotiate radical educational reforms

China- May Fourth MovementProtest against Japanese controlArgentina- Students able to

negotiate radical educational reforms

Germany Pre-WWIIGermany Pre-WWII

National Socialist German Student Group

Student organized book burnings and riots showed student power

National Socialist German Student Group

Student organized book burnings and riots showed student power

Student Militancy and Warfare

Student Militancy and Warfare

WWII- drew many students into war

Post WWII- anti-Nuclear protests

WWII- drew many students into war

Post WWII- anti-Nuclear protests

U.S. Student ActivismU.S. Student Activism

Established infrastructure for national base: New Student, University on the Air

Established infrastructure for national base: New Student, University on the Air

India’s IndependenceIndia’s Independence

August 8, 1942 Gandhi led Indians in a nonviolent, peaceful resistance of British control

Students not as self-controlled as Gandhi’s followers

August 8, 1942 Gandhi led Indians in a nonviolent, peaceful resistance of British control

Students not as self-controlled as Gandhi’s followers

U.S. Student Activism Post WWII

U.S. Student Activism Post WWII

Great Decline in activismCongress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Great Decline in activismCongress of Racial Equality (CORE)

1960’s U.S. Student Fight For Freedom

1960’s U.S. Student Fight For Freedom

Organized Sit InsStudent Nonviolent Coordinating

Committee Freedom Riders Berkeley Protests-Bancroft StripAnti-Vietnam Protests

Organized Sit InsStudent Nonviolent Coordinating

Committee Freedom Riders Berkeley Protests-Bancroft StripAnti-Vietnam Protests

1968: Year of the Student1968: Year of the Student

France: Radicals Les Enrages and the Situationists called for immediate educational reforms

Led to war with French GovernmentLasted over a monthMexico: Students peacefully protested

in Plaza of Three Cultures, surrounded and fired upon with machine guns

Estimated around 500 dead

France: Radicals Les Enrages and the Situationists called for immediate educational reforms

Led to war with French GovernmentLasted over a monthMexico: Students peacefully protested

in Plaza of Three Cultures, surrounded and fired upon with machine guns

Estimated around 500 dead

1968: Year of the Student (cont.)

1968: Year of the Student (cont.)

United States: Columbia UniversityYouth International Party (Yippies)Anti-Vietnam protestsLet Us Vote (LUV)

United States: Columbia UniversityYouth International Party (Yippies)Anti-Vietnam protestsLet Us Vote (LUV)

Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square

Chinese students protest against Communism

Student Strike Student vs. Govenment

Chinese students protest against Communism

Student Strike Student vs. Govenment

The EndThe End