In the name of ALLAH, the most beneficent

and the most Merciful…

VOLCANOES

PRESENTED TO:

PRESENTED BY:

Contents…

• What is a volcano?• Inside of a volcano• Kinds of volcanoes• Types of volcanoes• Underwater Volcanoes• Ring of Fire• Volcanologist• Living with volcanoes• Volcanoes in Pakistan• Mud volcanoes

What is a volcano?

A volcano is like a chimney in the Earth’s crust where magma flows out.

The inside of the Earth is very hot, and some of the solid rock melts to form hot, liquid rock called magma.

The hole of the volcano is called vent.

When magma leaves the vent it becomes Lava.

Inside of a volcano

Inner a volcano

Vent

Hard lava

Magma chamber

Magma

Volcanic eruption

• High temperature below the earth surface when exceeds to the extreme limit the magma burst out.

Kinds of Volcanoes

Volcanoes

ActiveVolcanoes

DormantVolcanoes

ExtinctVolcanoes

Kinds of volcano

Scientists put volcanoes into three groups:1. An Active volcano is one that is erupting

or will soon erupt.2. A Dormant volcano is one that has not

erupted for a long time.3. An Extinct volcano is one that has not

erupted for more than 10,000 years.

Contents of volcanic eruption

Contents: gas, dust, water vapour, lava and ash

Gas, dust and water vapour

Vent

Lava

Magma

Magma chamber

Layers of lava and ash

TYPES OF VOLCANOES:

• Composite volcano • Ash-cinder volcano• Shield volcano

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

Cinder Cones are the most common type of volcano. Cinder cones are the smallest type of volcano and are circular or oval shaped.

Example: cinder cone volcano is in Mexico, called the Paricutin. It started growing in 1943, and in just five days, the volcano had grown to 300 feet!

Shield Cone Volcanoes Shield cone volcanoes are huge. They are built

mainly from lava flows. After an eruption the lava flows out of the vents and creates sloping sides. Their shape is similar to a warrior’s shield. When a shield volcano erupts it is not usually explosive.

Example: Mauna Loa is the world’s largest shield cone volcano and also the most active!

Composite Cone Volcanoes

Composite cone volcanoes formed from layers of melted rock. They are steep-sided, and cone shaped. This type of volcano usually erupts in a very explosive way, from the viscous magma. The composite cone is the most deadly type of volcano.

Example: St. Helens is a very famous example of a composite volcano.

Rocks and lava

Volcanoes produce lava and rocks we find

on the Earth’s Surface. Magma forms igneous.rocks. These fragments are called tephra.

Bomb Lapilli

Types of tephra

Ash Dust

Underwater volcanoes

The floor of the ocean is similar to dry land. There are flat plains, mountain ridges in

the ocean floor.There are more volcanoes under the ocean than on the land.

Ring of Fire

VolcanologistsSpecial scientists are called volcanologists. They study volcanoes in different ways. This helps to learn about the volcano’s history

Volcanologist’s suit

Living with volcanoes

The minerals and chemicals in the lava and ash make soil fertile so it’s good for farming.

Volcanoes also produce electricity. This electricity is called geothermal energy and the people use it.

Volcanoes in Pakistan

Pakistan has the world largest mud volcano in Balochistan having altitude 300ft.

Mud volcanoes

The mud volcanoes are the mixture of sand and rocks with wet mud .

THANK YOU…….

ANY QUESTIONS……..!