sustainable rural sanitation at scale...•mass media •community events •household visits...
TRANSCRIPT
Lessons and Results from
India, Indonesia, Ethiopia and Tanzania
Eduardo A. Perez
Senior Sanitation Specialist
Water and Sanitation Program
Sustainable Rural Sanitation
at Scale
2.6 Billion People Lack Access to Hygienic Sanitation
Developing World Population
70 million Indonesians defecate in the open
221 million Africans in SSA defecate in the open
550 million Indians defecate in the open
1.3Open Defecation
1.3Shared/ Unimproved Sanitation
3.8
The Challenge
Rural sanitation programs that are:
• Effective
• Large scale
• Sustainable
• Includes the
poor
•Start at Scale – but building on evidence of promising
approaches
•Government owned and led
•Technical support from WSP
•Strong explicit learning component
Global Learning Project in partnership with
governments in India, Indonesia , Tanzania
and Ethiopia
•More than 9 million people with increased access and
use of improved sanitation
•Over 9,000 communities are Open Defecation Free (ODF)
Results Through December - 2010
Other Key Results:
•Measurably Stronger national government Enabling
Environments
Stronger local government capacity to operationalize and
sustain large scale rural sanitation programs
•Global and national learnings adding to sanitation sector
evidence and knowledge
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
Create
DEMAND For Sustainable Sanitation
Create
SUPPLY Of improved
Sanitation Services
Theory of Change for Sustainable
At Scale Program
Conceptual Approach
India
Changing Behaviors First to Stop Open Defecation
and Create Demand for Moving Up the Sanitation Ladder
Programmatic Approach
India
Community-Led
Total Sanitation
Behavior Change
CommunicationsSanitation
Marketing
Creating Demand and Supply
+ +
•Facilitator triggering
•Community Ignition
•Formative Research
•Mass Media
•Community Events
•Household visits
•Promotion
•Product
•Price
•Place
An integrated programmatic approach to change behaviors and increase access and use of
sanitation facilities
CLTS + Behaviour Change Comm. Sanitation marketing + BCC
Role and Functions of Local Government
Local Governments have responsibility to
ensure (not provide) sustainable sanitation services
Role of the Domestic Service Provider
Creating a supply of affordable consumer responsive
sanitation products and services
MONITORING &
EVALUATION
POLICY, STRATEGY& DIRECTION
INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENT
S
PROGRAMMETHODOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION
CAPACITY
AVAILABILITY OF PRODUCTS AND TOOLS
FINANCING
COST-EFFECTIVEIMPLEMENTATION
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
Enabling Environment for Sustainable At Scale Sanitation
Reform Policies and Institutions to
Sustain National Programs
Financial Strategy
Householdsfinance
Construction of Household Facility
Governmentsfinance
•Sanitation & Hygiene promotion
•M & E
•Incentives for community outcomes
•Subsidies for poor households•Institutional sanitation facilities
Donors finance
•Advocacy
•Technical Assistance•Capacity Building•Knowledge management
Financial Strategy
WSP p
rovid
es techn
ical sup
po
rt National and State Governments Creates an Enabling Environment for a large Scale Sustainable Rural
Sanitation Program
Local Governments Implement
Rural Sanitation Program
Facilitates CLTS behavior change triggering
Promote Demand creation for improved sanitation
Stimulate growth of
Supply
•Train
•Monitor
•Regulate
Rural Communities Ignite and Commit to becoming
100% Open Defecation Free
Households build and use improved sanitation
facilitates
Local private sector produces sanitation products and services
Increase supply
Increase demand
Buy sanitation products
and services
At Scale Service Delivery Model
What did we learn - key success factors
• Formative research to understand market segments and
key behavioral determinants
• Starting with behavior change rather than construction
• Identifying and developing at scale service delivery
models
• Clear and explicit rural sanitation policy and institutional
reform at National , State and local government levels
• Distinct budget allocations for sanitation and hygiene
Emerging Lessons
CLTS triggering to ignition “hit rate” varied widely
Revised approach
• Revise BCC strategy for those near water bodies
•Develop improved systematic capacity building plan
•Strengthen post CLTS triggering follow up
•Real time performance monitoring
Quality at Scale
Real Time Performance Monitoring used to Improve performance
Jan, 2011Jan, 2007
Score >76 51-75 26-50 ≤ 25
Band Superior Good Improving Weak
Lessons LearnedEmerging Lessons
Sustaining Behavior Change is
challenging
•Assessments show some backtracking
on BC achievements such as OD
•Latrines not being properly maintained and
cleaned
Revised approach•Competition for sustaining ODF
•Going from individual behavior change to
changing social norms
•Revised BCC strategy for shared latrines
•Sustaining national and local government
leadership
Maintaining 100% ODF
Lessons Learned
Subsidies
Well-targeted household
subsidies can be effective
at helping poor
households gain access to
higher quality and more
sustainable sanitation
facilities
Requires resources to
sustain subsidy at scale
Emerging Lessons
Lessons LearnedEmerging Lessons
Incentives/Rewards
Output/outcome-based
financial and non-financial
incentives are effective at
improving local government
performance and motivating
communities.
Requires an effective and
credible verification system
Emerging Lessons:
Enabling Environment
Necessary but not sufficient at
creating sustainable national
rural sanitation programs
BUT strong Enabling
Environment is needed for
strong performance and results
Requires a long-term
commitment, flexibility, and
recognition that it is not a linear
progression
Develop evidenced based
advocacy/knowledge products
Need better understanding of
Political Economy
Benin
Burkina Faso
Ethiopia
Kenya
Mozambique
Senegal
Tanzania
Uganda
Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
Nicaragua
Peru
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Philippines
Vietnam
Take Home Message
Replicable Model for Working at Scale
Financing to Governments for Rural Sanitation
from WB, ADB, GSF, USAID, AUSAID
Looking Ahead
Continue to gather and
document evidence
Develop tools and resources
Work with partners to support
government efforts and
replicate approach
Partner with WEDC!