technical reports of the queensland museum

COLLATION AND VALIDATION OF MUSEUM COLLECTION DATABASES RELATED TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE

SPONGES IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA

Technical Reports of the Queensland MuseumTechnical Reports of the Queensland MuseumNo. 002

Authors: John N.A. Hooper & Merrick EkinsAddress: Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia ([email protected], [email protected])Report written for: National Oceans Office C2004/020 (2004)

PART 2 OF 8

This document may be cited as:

Hooper, J.N.A. & Ekins, M. 2004 (published online 2009). Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia. Technical Reports of the Queensland Museum Number 002. pp 1-224. www.qm.qld.gov.au (ISBN 978-0-9805692-5-4)

Copyright for this document is with the Queensland Museum and the National Oceans Office (now incorporated within the Marine Division of the Department of Environment, Water, Hertiage and the Arts [DEWHA]).

Technical reports of the Queensland Museum are published online, in read-only format, and are individually catalogued by the National Library of Australia. These reports may include reproductions (or revisions) of documents that were originally compiled to advise industry, government or academia on specific scientific issues, and they are reproduced here to ensure that the scientific and technical data they contain are not lost within the vast unpublished scientific ‘grey literature’.

For further information please contact:

Managing Editor, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Qld Australia Phone 61 7 3840 7555. Fax 61 7 3846 1226. www.qm.qld.gov.au Email [email protected]

QM Technical Reports | 002

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Family genus and Species AuthorSp #

(Mudmap #)

Petrosiidae Neopetrosia exigua (Kirkpatrick 1900) 2Dysideidae Dysidea herbacea (Keller) 1889 3Iotrochotidae Iotrochota baculifera Ridley 1884 4

Axinellidae Cymbastela stipitata ) (Bergquist & Tizard, 1967 5

Tetillidae Cinachyrella australiensis (Carter) 1886 6Petrosiidae Xestospongia testudinaria (Lamarck) 1814 7Ianthellidae Ianthella basta (Pallas) 1776 8Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Vosmaer, 1880 9Aplysinidae Aplysina ianthelliformis (Lendenfeld) 1888 12Isodictyidae Coelocarteria singaporensis (Carter) 1883 13Raspailiidae Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel, 1912 22Axinellidae Reniochalina stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888 23Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) tuberosa (Bowerbank, 1875) 24Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) vulpina (Lamarck, 1814) 25Axinellidae Axinella 26 26Thorectidae Phyllospongia lamellosa (Esper) 1794 28

Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) lendenfeldi Ridley & Dendy, 1886 29

Chalinidae Haliclona cymaeformis (Esper) 1794 30Raspailiidae Echinodictyum mesenterinum (Lamarck, 1814) 31Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) vestigifera Dendy, 1896 34Axinellidae Axinella 35 35Halichondriidae Halichondria stalagmites (Hentschel) 1912 39Thorectidae Thorectandra excavata (Ridley) 1884 51Niphatidae Gelliodes fibulatus (Carter) 1881 53Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) compressa Bergquist, 1970 54Tedaniidae Tedania anhelans (Schmidt) 1862 56Desmoxyidae Myrmekioderma granulata (Esper) 1830 63Clionaidae Speciospongia vagabunda Ridley 1884 78Clionaidae Speciospongia cf. vagabunda Ridley 1884 86Microcionidae Clathria (Isociella) eccentrica (Burton, 1934) 93Clionaidae Cliona orientalis Thiele, 1900 97Microcionidae Antho_(Acarnia) ridleyi ) (Hentschel, 1912 99Ianthellidae Ianthella flabelliformis (Pallas) 1766 104Axinellidae Phakellia carduus (Lamarck, 1814) 107Axinellidae Axinella 112 112Raspailiidae Echinodictyum nidulus Hentschel, 1911 120Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) abietina (Lamarck, 1814) 121Axinellidae Reniochalina 122 122Axinellidae Phakellia 129 129Rhabderemiidae Rhabderemia sorokinae Hooper 1990 130Axinellidae Phakellia 131 131

Raspailiidae Echinodictyum asperum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) 133

Phloeodictyidae Oceanapia 135 135Spirastrellidae Spirastrella 150 150Raspailiidae Echinodictyum cancellatum (Lamarck, 1814) 152Axinellidae Axinella aruensis Hentschel, 1912 153

APPENdiX 1. list of sponge species chosen as a subset of the entire sponge database

as surrogates for the present analysis, representing a collaborative study between Australian sponge collection and research institutions (QM, AIMS, MAgNT, WAM). Refer to Appendix 7 for PdF file of CAAb modelled species distributions for each of these surrogate species.

Report for the National Oceans Office C2004/020Collation and validation of museum collection databases related

to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia

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Crellidae Crella spinulata (Hentschel) 1911 154Axinellidae Axinella 156 156Axinellidae Reniochalina 172 172Druinellidae Pseudoceratina 190 190Ianthellidae Ianthella cf. flabelliformis (Pallas) 1776 196Mycalidae Mycale (Mycale) cf. ridleyi (Lendenfeld) 1888 203Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) darwinensis Hooper, 1996 208Raspailiidae Ectyoplasia tabula (Lamarck, 1814) 210Clionaidae Pione hixoni Lendenfeld 1886 213Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) arbuscula (Lendenfeld, 1888) 216Axinellidae Axinella 217 217Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) darwinensis Hooper, 1991 218Darwinellidae Dendrilla rosea Lendenfeld, 1883 221Darwinellidae Aplysilla sulphurea Schulze 1878 224Dysideidae Dysidea 229 229Raspailiidae Raspailia_(Parasyringella) nuda Hentschel, 1911 230Desmacellidae Neofibularia irata Wilkinson 1978 243Axinellidae Phakellia 244 244Dictyonellidae Rhaphoxya cf. pallida 252Axinellidae Axinella 254 254Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) coppingeri Ridley, 1884 259

Spongiidae Rhopaloeides odorabileThompson, Murphy, Bergquist & Evans, 1987

262

Thorectidae Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel) 1912 264Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) melanorhopsa Hooper, 1991 265Axinellidae Axinella 267 267Callyspongiidae Callyspongia (Cladochalina) cf. mannus (Lendenfeld) 1887 268Desmacididae Iotrochota coccinea (Carter) 1886 269Mycalidae Mycale (Arenochalina) mirabilis (Lendenfeld) 1887 270Chondrosiidae Psammoclema 271 271Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) intermedia (Whitelegge, 1902) 272Spongiidae Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck) 1814 274Axinellidae Reniochalina 275 275Theonellidae Theonella swinhoei Gray 1868 280Axinellidae Reniochalina 285 285Axinellidae Reniochalina 287 287

Raspailiidae Thrinacophora cervicornis Ridley & Dendy, 1887 288

Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) hesperia Hooper, 1996 292Desmacididae Phoriospongia 293 293Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) desmoxyiformis Hooper, 1991 298Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) cancellaria (Lamarck, 1814) 300Raspailiidae Endectyon thurstoni (Dendy, 1887) 304Niphatidae Niphates 307 307Axinellidae Axinella 308 308Geodiidae Pachymatisma 311 311Ancorinidae Stelletta clavosa Sollas 1888 313Axinellidae Reniochalina 315 315Plakinidae Plakortis (Dercitopsis) cf. mammillaris (Lendenfeld) 1906 326Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) procera (Ridley, 1884) 329Dictyonellidae Stylissa Flabelliformis (Hentschel) 1912 336Axinellidae Phakellia dendyi Bergquist, 1970 339Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) wardi Hooper, 1991 341Desmoxyidae Higginsia scabra Whitelegge 1907 343Axinellidae Axinella 346 346Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) kerontria Hooper, 1991 350Axinellidae Reniochalina 352 352


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Axinellidae Reniochalina 353 353Microcionidae Holopsamma laminaefavosa Carter, 1885 359Pseudoceratin-idae Pseudoceratina 364 364

Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) hallmanni Hooper, 1996 372Desmoxyidae Higginsia Mixta (Hentschel) 1912 374Iotrochotidae Iotrochota 377 377Petrosiidae Xestospongia Bergquistia Fromont 1991 383Callyspongiidae Callyspongia (Callyspongia) carens Pulitzer-Finali 1982 386Callyspongiidae Callyspongia (Euplacella) 387 387Tetillidae Cinachyrella enigmatica (Burton 1934) 390Microcionidae Antho (Antho) tuberosa (Hentschel, 1911) 393Suberitidae Aaptos aaptos Schmidt 1864 406Axinellidae Axinella 412 412Axinellidae Phakellia stelliderma Levi & Levi 1989 413Raspailiidae Raspailia_(Parasyringella) australiensis Ridley, 1884 414Tetillidae Cinachyrella 415 415Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) reticulata Hooper, 1991 416Axinellidae Reniochalina cf.stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888 417Axinellidae Phakellia 418 418Raspailiidae Echinodictyum conulosum Kieschnick, 1900 419Hymedesmiidae Hamigera Strongylata Burton 1934 426Microcionidae Clathria (Isociella) skia Hooper, 1996 427Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) australiensis (Carter, 1885) 430Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) rubens (Lendenfeld, 1888) 431Clionaidae Cliona patera (Hardwicke) 1822 432Tedaniidae Tedania 433 433Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) barba (Lamarck, 1814) 434Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) phakellopsis Hooper, 1991 437Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) conectens (Hallmann, 1912) 440

Acarnidae Acarnus bergquistae Van Soest, Hooper and Hiemstra 1991 441

Chondropsidae Psammoclema chaliniformis (Lendenfeld) 1889 443Axinellidae Axinella 444 444

Axinellidae Axinella flabellata (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) 445

Axinellidae Phakellia 447 447

Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) hirsuta Hooper & Levi, 1993 449

Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) canaliculata (Whitelegge, 1906) 453Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 454 454Callyspongiidae Callyspongia 456 456Agelasidae Agelas gracilis Whitelegge 1897 459Tedaniidae Tedania 462 462Axinellidae Axinella 463 463Dictyonellidae Rhaphoxya cf. pallida (Dendy) 1896 465Axinellidae Axinella 467 467

Microcionidae Holopsamma pluritoxa (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982) 468

Callyspongiidae Dactylia radix (Lendenfeld) 1888 471Microcionidae Holopsamma crassa Carter, 1885 476Microcionidae Echinoclathria nodosa Carter, 1885 478Raspailiidae Echinodictyum austrinus Hooper, 1991 479

Spirastrellidae Spirastrella papillosa Ridley & Dendy 1886 480

Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) tubulosa (Hallmann, 1912) 482Pseudoceratin-idae Pseudoceratina clavata Pulitzer-Finali 1982 484

Microcionidae Holopsamma macropora (Lendenfeld, 1888) 493

Axinellidae Cymbastela notiaina Hooper & Bergquist, 1992 494



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Trachycladidae Trachycladus laevispirulifer Carter 1879 496Thorectidae Phyllospongia papyracea (Esper) 1806 500Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrocia) pyramida Lendenfeld, 1888 501Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) noarlungae Hooper, 1996 503Axinellidae Phakellia 508 508Halichondriidae Hymeniacidon 509 509Axinellidae Cymbastela concentrica (Lendenfeld, 1887) 514Clathrinidae Clathrina 519 519Spongiidae Spongia hispida Lamarck 1814 520Axinellidae Axinella 521 521Dysideidae Euryspongia cf. arenaria Bergquist 1961 522Axinellidae Cymbastela 524 524Mycalidae Mycale (Arenochalina) flammula (Lamarck) 1814 526Crellidae Crella incrustans (Carter) 1886 537Microcionidae Holopsamma ramosa (Hallmann, 1912) 543Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) cactiformis (Lamarck, 1814) 545Raspailiidae Echinodictyum clathrioides Hentschel, 1911 546Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) major Hentschel, 1912 547Microcionidae Echinoclathria leporina (Lamarck, 1814) 549Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) styloprothesis Hooper, 1996 551Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) spinifera (Lindgren, 1897) 552Raspailiidae Amphinomia sulphurea Hooper, 1991 554Axinellidae Axinella 559 559Axinellidae Axinella 579 579Thorectidae Carteriospongia foliascens (Pallas) 1766 580Callyspongiidae Siphonochalina deficiens Pulitzer-Finali 1982 582Niphatidae Niphates 586 586Thorectidae Aplysinopsis reticulata (Lendenfeld) 1889 589Petrosiidae Petrosia (Petrosia) cf crassa (Carter) 1880 590Thorectidae Ledenfeldia plicata Esper 1806 591Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) toxifera (Hentschel, 1912) 602

Raspailiidae Echinodictyum rugosum Ridley and Dendy, 1886 603

Phloeodictyidae Oceanapia ramsayi (Lendenfeld) 1888 604Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) phorbasiformis Hooper, 1996 606Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) tingens Hooper, 1996 610Axinellidae Phakellia 611 611Axinellidae Axinella 612 612Raspailiidae Raspailia_(Parasyringella) elegans (Lendenfeld, 1887) 613Axinellidae Axinella 616 616Axinellidae Axinella 620 620Dysideidae Dysidea 630 630Axinellidae Phakellia 643 643Axinellidae Phakellia 646 646Axinellidae Phakellia 647 647Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) transiens Hallmann, 1912 650Thorectidae Luffariella geometrica Kirkpatrick 1900 653Axinellidae Phakellia 654 654Verticillitidae Vaceletia crypta Vacelet 1979 655Astroscleridae Astrosclera willeyana Lister 1900 656

Acanthochaetidae Acanthochaetetes wellsi Hartman & Goreau 1975 657

Axinellidae Dragmacidon 659 659Agelasiidae Agelas cf. mauritianus Carter 1883 660Agelasiidae Agelas axifera Hentschel 1911 661Axinellidae Dragmacidon australis ( Bergquist, 1970) 662

Axinellidae Phakellia pulcherrima (Ridley & Dendy) 1886 663


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Axinellidae Cymbastela coralliophila Hooper & Bergquist, 1992 664

Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) wilkinsoni Hooper, 1991 665Raspailiidae Endectyon elyakovi Hooper, 1991 666Dictyonellidae Acanthella constricta Pulitzer-Finali 1982 667Leucettidae Pericharax heterorhaphis (Polejaeff) 1883 668Microcionidae Antho (Isopenectya) chartacea (Whitelegge, 1907) 670Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) aceratoobtusa (Carter, 1887) 671Raspailiidae Ectyoplasia vannus Hooper, 1991 703Axinellidae Phakellia 705 705Axinellidae Axinella 706 706Axinellidae Phakellia 707 707Raspailiidae Ceratopsion palmata Hooper, 1991 709Raspailiidae Plocamione pachysclera (Levi & Levi) 1983 711Axinellidae Dragmacidon 712 712Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) grisea (Hentschel, 1911) 714

Axinellidae Cymbastela marshae Hooper & Bergquist, 1992 725

Axinellidae Axinella 728 728Axinellidae Axinella 730 730Microcionidae Holopsamma favus (Carter, 1885) 739Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) 741 741Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) patula Hooper, 1996 741Mycalidae Mycale (Mycale) pectinicola Hentschel 1911 747Microcionidae Clathria (Isociella) selachia Hooper, 1996 754Raspailiidae Ceratopsion montebelloensis Hooper, 1991 761Axinellidae Axinella 766 766Axinellidae Axinella 770 770Axinellidae Axinella 774 774Plakinidae Plakortis nigra Levi 1959 775

Ancorinidae Stelletta splendans (de Laubenfels, 1954) 779

Axinellidae Axinella 780 780Axinellidae Reniochalina 781 781Raspailiidae Ceratopsion axifera (Hentschel, 1912) 782Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) claviformis Hentschel, 1912 783Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) erecta (Thiele, 1899) 784Axinellidae Phakellia 785 785Thorectidae Carteriospongia flabellifera (Bowerbank) 1877 788Ancorinidae Melophlus sarassinorum Thiele 1899 794Thorectidae Hyrtios erecta (Keller) 1889 796Axinellidae Reniochalina 798 798Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) abrolhosensis Hooper, 1996 807Axinellidae Axinella 810 810Axinellidae Axinella 812 812Aplysinellidae Aplysinella 814 814Microcionidae Holopsamma sp._indeterminate_816 Hooper, 1996 816

Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) cf.hirsuta Hooper & Levi, 1993 821

Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrocia) myxilloides Dendy, 1896 826Desmacididae Psammoclema 827 827Microcionidae Echinoclathria chalinoides (Carter) 1885 828Mycalidae Mycale (Arenochalina) cf. mirabilis (Lendenfeld) 1887 830Callyspongiidae Dactylia 833 833Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) ensiae Hooper, 1996 838Axinellidae Phakellia 844 844Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) 850 850Chalinidae Haliclona (Haliclona) 854 854Axinellidae Axinella 859 859



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Tethyidae Tethya 862 862Axinellidae Phakellia 863 863Axinellidae Axinella 866 866Axinellidae Dragmacidon 867 867Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) murphyi Hooper, 1996 868Microcionidae Echinoclathria subhispida Carter, 1885 880Axinellidae Axinella 882 882

Axinellidae Cymbastela hooperi Van Soest et al 1996 883

Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) cf.guettardi (Topsent, 1933) 885Microcionidae Echinoclathria riddlei Hooper, 1996 894Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) cacticutis (Carter, 1885) 895Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) costifera Hallmann, 1912 897Microcionidae Echinoclathria egena Wiedenmayer, 1989 901Chondrosiidae Phoriospongia cf. kirki (Bowerbank) 1841 902Axinellidae Phakellia 903 903Axinellidae Axinella 905 905Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) 910 910

Desmoxyidae Didiscus aceratus (Ridley & Dendy) 1886 913

Axinellidae Cymbastela cantharella (Levi) 1983 914

Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) laboutei Hooper & Levi, 1993 915

Callyspongiidae Callyspongia 916 916Dictyonellidae Rhaphoxya systremma Hooper & Levi 1993 919Petrosiidae Xestospongia nigricans (Lindgren) 1897 921Dictyonellidae Stylissa carteri (Dendy) 1889 922

Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) kylista Hooper & Levi, 1993 923

Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) corneolia Hooper & Levi 1993 924Dictyonellidae Stylissa massa (Carter, 1887) 925Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) flabellifera Hooper & Levi 1993 926Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) araiosa Hooper & Levi 1993 927Desmacellidae Neofibularia hartmani Hooper & Levi 1993 928Suberitidae Homaxinella domantayi (Levi) 1961 930Axinellidae Axinella 931 931Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 932 932Dysideidae Dysidea arenaria Bergquist 1965 940Axinellidae Phakellia conulosa Dendy, 1922 948Raspailiidae Raspailia (Parasyringella) 949 949

Chalinidae Reniera chrysa De Laubenfels, 1954 950

Axinellidae Axinella 955 955Axinellidae Auletta 960 960Axinellidae Phakellia 961 961Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 970 970Phloeodictyidae Oceanapia sagittaria (Sollas) 1902 972Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) 973 973Rhabderemiidae Rhabderemia indica Dendy 1905 976Raspailiidae Axechina raspailoides Hentschel, 1912 977Desmacididae Desmacidon 980 980Callyspongiidae Callyspongia 981 981Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) wesselensis Hooper 1996 982Coelosphaeridae Coelocarteria 988 988Ancorinidae Ancorina 989 989Ianthellidae Ianthella quadrangulata Bergquist 1993 993Niphatidae Amphimedon terpensis Fromont 1993 996Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) craspedia Hooper, 1996 997Coelosphaeridae Lissodendoryx (Ectodoryx). 1001 1001Axinellidae Phakellia stipitata (Carter, 1881) 1004


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Ancorinidae Stelleta 1005 1005Raspailiidae Ceratopsion clavata Thiele, 1898 1008Microcionidae Echinochalina (Protophlitaspongia) bargibanti Hooper & Levi 1993 1011Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) favulosa Hooper, 1996 1012Axinellidae Phakellia 1013 1013Axinellidae Phakellia 1014 1014Axinellidae Axinella 1015 1015Axinellidae Axinella 1016 1016Petrosiidae Petrosia 1021 1021Niphatidae Cribrochalina 1023 1023Chalinidae Haliclona 1031 1031Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) aphylla Hooper, 1996 1040Chalinidae Haliclona 1043 1043Niphatidae Gelliodes 1049 1049Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) coralliophila (Thiele, 1903) 1051Raspailiidae Raspailia_(Parasyringella) 1054 1054

Axinellidae Cymbastela vespertina Hooper & Bergquist, 1992 1055

Niphatidae Niphates 1056 1056Axinellidae Ptilocaulis epakros Hooper & Levi 1993 1057Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) menoui Hooper & Levi 1993 1058Axinellidae Reniochalina condylia Hooper & Levi 1993 1060

Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) bulbosa Hooper & Levi, 1993 1061

Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) tuberosa Hooper, 1996 1064Leucettidae Leucetta microraphis (Haeckel) 1872 1065Halichondriidae Hymeniacidon 1066 1066Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) litos Hooper & Levi 1993 1067Axinellidae Phakellia mauritiana Dendy 1921 1068Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) lambei (Koltun) 1955 1069Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) laevigata Lambe 1893 1070Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) chelifera (Hentschel) 1911 1073Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) 1074 1074Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) cervicornis (Thiele, 1903) 1075

Thorectidae Strepsichordaia lendenfeldi Bergquist, Ayling & Wilkinson 1988 1077

Chondropsidae Phoriospongia 1080 1080Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) 1081 1081Axinellidae Ptilocaulis fusiformis Levi, 1967 1082Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) clathrioides (Levi, 1967) 1084Axinellidae Dragmacidon debitusae Hooper & Levi 1993 1085Raspailiidae Ceratopsion clavata Thiele 1898 1088Axinellidae Axinella 1089 1089Agelasidae Agelas mauritiana Carter 1883 1094Ancorinidae Rhabdastrella globostellata Carter 1883 1100Dysideidae Dysidea granulosa Bergquist 1965 1106

Tethyidae Tethya australis Bergquist & Kelly-Borges 1991 1115

Callyspongiidae Callyspongia 1116 1116Spongiidae Hippospongia elastica (Lendenfeld) 1889 1121Niphatidae Niphates 1122 1122Hymedesmiidae Phorbas 1134 1134Microcionidae Echinoclathria waldoschmitti de Laubenfels 1954 1141Raspailiidae Ectyoplasia frondosa (Lendenfeld) 1887 1152Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) atropurpurea (Carter) 1885 1153Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) echinata Whitelegge 1907 1154Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) gracilis (Lendenfeld, 1888) 1155Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) pinnatifida (Carter) 1885 1156Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) tenella (Lendenfeld) 1888 1157



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Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) frondula (Whitelegge) 1907 1159Raspailiidae Raspailia (Parasyringella) clathrata Ridley 1884 1160Raspailiidae Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) irregularis Hentschel 1914 1162Raspailiidae Endectyon fruticosa aruensis (Carter) 1885 1163Raspailiidae Endectyon xerampelina (Lamarck) 1814 1164Raspailiidae Eurypon graphidiophora Hentschel 1911 1165Raspailiidae Ceratopsion dichotoma (Whitelegge) 1907 1166Raspailiidae Cyamon aruense Hentschel 1912 1167Raspailiidae Echinodictyum arenosum Dendy 1896 1168Raspailiidae Echinodictyum carlinoides (Lamarck) 1814 1169Raspailiidae Echinodictyum costiferum Ridley 1884 1170Raspailiidae Echinodictyum lacunosum Kieschnick 1898 1171Irciniidae Psammocinia 1175 1175Callyspongiidae Callyspongia (Euplacella) 1176 1176Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 1178 1178Irciniidae Psammocinia 1181 1181Chondropsidae Psammoclema 1183 1183Leucettidae Pericharax 1187 1187Clionaidae Cliona 1189 1189Irciniidae Psammocinia 1191 1191Aplysinellidae Aplysinella 1194 1194Clionaidae Spheciospongia areolata (Dendy 1897) 1195Aplysinidae Aplysina 1198 1198Microcionidae Holopsamma 1202 1202Chalinidae Haliclona 1205 1205Dysideidae Dysidea 1211 1211Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) 1212 1212Phloeodictyidae Oceanapia 1220 1220Halichondriidae Halichondria 1227 1227Irciniidae Ircinia 1228 1228Axinellidae Dragmacidon 1239 1239Irciniidae Ircinia 1242 1242Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) 1245 1245Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) angulifera Dendy, 1896 1246Irciniidae Ircinia 1255 1255Halichondriidae Halichondria bergquistae Hooper et al. 1995 1269Axinellidae Phakellia 1270 1270Ancorinidae Disyringa (Tribrachion) schmidtii (Weltner 1882) 1274Druinellidae Pseudoceratina 1279 1279Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) basilana Levi 1961 1280Axinellidae Phakellia 1285 1285Niphatidae Cribrochalina 1293 1293Irciniidae Ircinia 1294 1294Coelosphaeridae Coelosphaera 1299 1299Ancorinidae Stelleta 1308 1308Thorectidae Fasciospongia 1318 1318Raspailiidae Ceratopsion aurantiaca (Lendenfeld, 1888) 1328Axinellidae Axinella 1333 1333Axinellidae Axinella 1341 1341Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) thetidis (Hallmann, 1920) 1342Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) striata Whitelegge, 1907 1343Microcionidae Holopsamma arborea (Lendenfeld, 1888) 1344Microcionidae Holopsamma rotunda (Hallmann, 1912) 1358

Petrosiidae Neopetrosia pacifica (Kelly-Borges & Bergquist 1988) 1362

Callyspongiidae Arenosclera 1363 1363Spongiidae Hyattella 1366 1366Callyspongiidae Dactylia 1368 1368


72

Phloeodictyidae Aka 1373 1373Callyspongiidae Siphonochalina 1374 1374Callyspongiidae Dactylia 1376 1376Sycettidae Sycon cf. gelatinosum Blainville, 1834 1390Leucettidae Leucetta chagosensis Dendy 1913 1402Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) bispiculata (Dendy, 1895) 1413Raspailiidae Aulospongus samariensis Hooper et al, 1998 1422Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) illawarrae Hooper, 1996 1474Axinellidae Axinella 1490 1490Axinellidae Axinella 1491 1491Spongiidae Coscinoderma mathewsi (Lindenfeld) 1886 1493Thorectidae Dactylospongia elegans (Thiele) 1899 1514Desmacididae Liosina paradoxa Theile, 1899 1518Dysideidae Dysidea 1519 1519Dysideidae Dysidea 1524 1524Crellidae Crella 1525 1525Crambeidae Monanchora (Ectyobatzella) 1541 1541Dysideidae Dysidea 1547 1547Levinellidae Levinella prolifera (Dendy) 1913 1554Callyspongiidae Euplacella 1559 1559Microcionidae Antho (Isopenectya) punicea Hooper, 1996 1571Axinellidae Reniochalina 1607 1607Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) felixi Hooper, 1996 1610Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 1620 1620Microcionidae Echinoclathria 1628 1628Microcionidae Echinoclathria bergquistae Hooper, 1996 1629Microcionidae Echinoclathria digitata (Lendenfeld, 1888) 1630Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) fusterna Hooper, 1996 1631Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) lizardensis Hooper, 1996 1632Axinellidae Auletta 1638 1638Axinellidae Phakellia 1639 1639Axinellidae Axinella 1640 1640Raspailiidae Endectyon 1641 1641Axinellidae Reniochalina 1642 1642Axinellidae Reniochalina 1643 1643Raspailiidae Raspailia (Parasyringella) 1644 1644Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) 1645 1645Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1646 1646

Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) mima (de Laubenfels, 1954) 1650

Axinellidae Cymbastela 1655 1655Axinellidae Axinella 1659 1659Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1665 1665Microcionidae Antho (Isopenectya) saintvincenti Hooper, 1996 1685Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 1695 1695Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) 1696 1696Microcionidae Echinoclathria levii Hooper, 1996 1697Microcionidae Echinoclathria notialis Hooper, 1996 1698Microcionidae Echinoclathria parkeri Hooper, 1996 1699Microcionidae Echinoclathria inornata (Hallmann) 1912 1700Microcionidae Echinoclathria confragosa (Hallmann) 1912 1702Microcionidae Echinoclathria axinelloides (Dendy, 1896) 1703

Esperiopsidae Ulosa spongia (de Laubenfels, 1954) 1728

Phloeodictyidae Aka 1738 1738Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) isaaci Hooper, 1996 1754Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) collata Hooper, 1996 1755Microcionidae Clathria (Isociella) 1758 1758



73

Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 1761 1761Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1763 1763Raspailiidae Raspailia_(Parasyringella) 1765 1765Axinellidae Axinella 1769 1769Axinellidae Phakellia 1770 1770Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 1772 1772Halichondriidae Amorphinopsis 1785 1785Axinellidae Reniochalina 1795 1795

Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) faviformis Lehnert & van Soest, 1996 1820

Microcionidae Holopsamma 1830 1830Dysideidae Eurospongia deliculata Bergquist, 1995 1833Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1839 1839Dysideidae Dysidea 1845 1845Chalinidae Haliclona 1853 1853Microcionidae Echinoclathria 1855 1855Esperiopsidae Ulosa 1856 1856Tetillidae Cinachyrella 1870 1870Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1875 1875Irciniidae Ircinia 1876 1876Raspailiidae Eurypon 1877 1877Halichondriidae Axinyssa 1878 1878Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1882 1882Raspailiidae Eurypon 1889 1889Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1890 1890Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrocia) dura Whitelegge, 1901 1921Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1940 1940Niphatidae Niphates 1943 1943Irciniidae Ircinia 1944 1944Chalinidae Halilclona 1954 1954Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 1957 1957

Thorectidae Candidaspongia flabellata Bergquist, Sorokin & Karusu, 1999 1958

Podospongiidae Diacarnus levii Kelly-Borges & Vacelet 1995 1960

Niphatidae Niphates 1980 1980Spongiidae Spongia 1983 1983Halichondriidae Halichondria 1984 1984Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) 1991 1991Raspailiidae Thrinacophora 1993 1993Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 2001 2001Callyspongiidae Callyspongia 2022 2022

Druinellidae Aplysinella rhax (de Laubenfels, 1954) 2027

Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2033 2033Axinellidae Reniochalina 2036 2036

Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) richmondiHooper, Kelly-Borges and Kennedy, 2000

2055

Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 2057 2057Axinellidae Axinella 2083 2083Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 2088 2088Axinellidae Axinella 2108 2108Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2114 2114Axinellidae Auletta 2136 2136Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2145 2145Axinellidae Axinella 2159 2159Thorectidae Fascaplysinopsis 2170 2170Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2176 2176Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2177 2177


74

Niphatiidae Cribrochalina 2178 2178Axinellidae Axinella 2189 2189Rhabderemiidae Rhabderemia 2195 2195Axinellidae Phakellia 2202 2202Axinellidae Axinella 2205 2205Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2207 2207Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2211 2211Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) 2264 2264Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2265 2265Axinellidae Axinella 2267 2267Axinellidae Axinella 2281 2281Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2292 2292Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2295 2295Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2310 2310Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2317 2317Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 2319 2319Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2322 2322Raspailiidae Aulospongus 2349 2349Axinellidae Phakellia 2356 2356Raspailiidae Raspailia (Parasyringella) 2357 2357Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2373 2373Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) 2376 2376Desmacididae Iotrochota 2386 2386Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2413 2413

Raspailiidae Eurypon hispida de Laubenfels, 1954 2414

Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2431 2431Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2432 2432Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2433 2433Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2441 2441Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) 2454 2454Agelasidae Agelas 2480 2480Raspailiidae Raspailia_(Parasyringella) 2482 2482Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2489 2489Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2530 2530Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) nidificata Kirkpatrick, 1907 2574Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2583 2583Axinellidae Cymbastela 2606 2606Axinellidae Auletta 2613 2613Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 2627 2627Axinellidae Axinella 2635 2635Axinellidae Auletta 2636 2636Tetillidae Tetilla 2655 2655Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) 2688 2688Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) 2692 2692Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2701 2701Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) 2711 2711Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 2714 2714Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2723 2723Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) 2731 2731Raspailiidae Ceratopsion cf. montebelloensis Hooper, 1991 2732Axinellidae Phakellia 2755 2755Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 2789 2789Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 2791 2791Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 2800 2800Raspailiidae Raspailia_(Parasyringella) 2803 2803Raspailiidae Ceratopsion 2806 2806Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 2819 2819



75

Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 2822 2822Axinellidae Axinella 2823 2823Raspailiidae Ceratopsion 2825 2825Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 2844 2844Raspailiidae Ceratopsion 2846 2846Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 2856 2856Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 2866 2866Raspailiidae Aulospongus 2876 2876Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) oxeata (Burton, 1934) 2878Microcionidae Clathria (Isociella) 2897 2897Axinellidae Axinella 2938 2938Axinellidae Axinella 2950 2950Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 2953 2953Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 2959 2959Axinellidae Axinella 2962 2962Raspailiidae Ceratopsion 2964 2964Chondropsidae Psammoclema 2980 2980Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 3003 3003Axinellidae Phakellia 3004 3004Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) hispidula (Ridley, 1884) 3005Axinellidae Cymbastela 3009 3009Axinellidae Phakellia columnata Burton, 1928 3016Axinellidae Cymbastela 3052 3052Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 3054 3054Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 3088 3088Raspailiidae Echinodictyum 3089 3089Axinellidae Reniochalina 3092 3092Axinellidae Phakellia 3096 3096Axinellidae Phakellia 3102 3102Axinellidae Axinella 3108 3108Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspaxilla) clathrioides (Levi) 1967 3115Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 3189 3189Axinellidae Auletta 3196 3196Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrocia) 3197 3197Microcionidae Clathria (Wilsonella) 3214 3214Axinellidae Axinella 3249 3249Axinellidae Auletta 3256 3256Axinellidae Cymbastela 3287 3287Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron)) 3311 3311Axinellidae new genus? 3324 3324Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) 3333 3333Axinellidae Phakellia 3356 3356Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 3446 3446Axinellidae Phakellia 3459 3459Axinellidae Axinella 3461 3461Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 3463 3463Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) 3482 3482Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) 3488 3488Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 3490 3490Axinellidae Dragmacidon 3493 3493Raspailiidae Ceratopsion 3496 3496Raspailiidae Ceratopsion 3520 3520Raspailiidae Raspailia (Clathriodendron) 3554 3554Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 3578 3578Microcionidae Echinoclathria 3587 3587Microcionidae Clathria (Microciona) 3589 3589Axinellidae Axinella 3611 3611


76

Axinellidae Phakellia 3612 3612Axinellidae Cymbastela 3613 3613Axinellidae Cymbastela 3614 3614Axinellidae Axinella 3616 3616Microcionidae Echinoclathria 3617 3617Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 3643 3643Raspailiidae Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) 3644 3644Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) 3678 3678Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) biclathria Hooper, 1992. 3684Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) basilana Levi, 1961 3689Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) distincta Thiele, 1903 3690Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) echinonematissima Carter, 1881 3691

Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrosia) elegantula Ridley & Dendy, 1886 3692

Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) macropora Ledenfeld 1888 3694

Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) inanchorata Ridley and Dendy, 1886 3695

Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) meyeri Bowerbank 1877 3696Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) multipes Hallman 1912 3697Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) nexus Koltun 1964 3698Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) oxyphila Hallman 1912 3699Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) partita Hallman 1912 3700Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) perforata Ledenfeld 1887 3701Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) piniformis Carter 1885 3702Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) raphana Lamark 1813 3703Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrocia) scabida Carter 1885 3705Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) squalorum Wiedenmayer, 1984 3706Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) wilsoni Wiedenmayer 1989 3709Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrocia) imperfecta Dendy 1896 3713

Microcionidae Clathria (Axosuberites) cylindrica Ridley and Dendy 1886 3714

Microcionidae Clathria (Isociella) macropora Lendenfeld, 1886 3715Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) arborescens Ridley 1884 3716Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) aruensis Hentschel 1912 3717Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) calochela Hentschel 1913 3718Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) cratitia Esper 1797 3719Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) dubia Kirkpatrick 1900 3720Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) fasiculata Wilson 1925 3721Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) juniperina Lamark 1814 3723Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) longitoxa Hentschel 1912 3725Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) nuda Hentschel 1912 3728Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) paucispina Ledenfeld 1888 3730Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) placenta Lamarck 1814 3731Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) ramosa Kieschnick 1896 3732Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) topsenti Thiele 1899 3735Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) cf. “coralliophila” Burton, 1928 3736Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) arcuophora Whitelegge 1907 3737Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) nidificata Kirkpatrick 3743Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) paucispicula (Burton) 1932 3744Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) australiensis Ridley, 1884 3747Microcionidae Holopsamma elegans Ledenfeld 1888 3752Microcionidae Holopsamma simplex Ledenfeld 1885 3753Raspailiidae Ceratopsion 3762 3762Microcionidae Echinochalina_(Protophlitapongia) 3763 3763Axinellidae Cymbastela 3767 3767Axinellidae Ptilocaulis 3816 3816Axinellidae Auletta 3817 3817Axinellidae Cymbastela 3818 3818Axinellidae Axinella 3832 3832



77

APPENdiX 2.A.

Similarities between larger scale (ε-scale diversity) IMCRA bioregions, indicating pairwise comparisons in the number of species co-occurring in both bioregion (upper part of matrix), the total number of species co-occurring in both bioregion (diagonal, bold font), and percentage of species co-occurring in both bioregion (lower part of matrix).

bio-region NEb CEb NEP NWP W.NP E.NP NWb CWP CWb

NEB 766 280 296 83 90 96 79 36 5CEB 10.32 791 264 66 67 66 62 32 5NEP 10.91 9.73 548 54 65 58 58 27 5NWP 3.06 2.43 1.99 391 138 97 112 58 16W.NP 3.32 2.47 2.39 5.08 387 110 110 33 10E.NP 3.54 2.43 2.14 3.57 4.05 271 84 31 7NWB 2.91 2.28 2.14 4.13 4.05 0.31 250 29 10CWP 1.33 1.18 0.99 2.14 1.22 1.14 1.07 145 11CWB 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.59 0.37 0.26 0.37 0.41 33

Axinellidae Reniochalina 3833 3833Rhabderemiidae Rhabderemia 3834 3834Rhabderemiidae Rhabderemia 3835 3835Microcionidae Clathria (Dendrocia) 3837 3837Raspailiidae Raspailia (Raspailia) 3838 3838Microcionidae Clathria (Isociella) 3840 3840Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 3843 3843Microcionidae Echinochalina (Echinochalina) 3844 3844Microcionidae Clathria (Clathria) cf. paucispicula Burton 1932 3946Microcionidae Clathria (Thalysias) rubra Lendenfeld 1888 3947


78

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S12

7°00

’ - 1

30°3

0’ E

NW

BJo

seph

Bon

apar

te G

ulf,

NT/

WA

1313

00

170

027

13°0

0’ -

15°3

0’ S

124°

10’ -

127

°00’

EN

WB

Bon

apar

te A

rchi

pela

go, W

A16

260

09

00

2815

°25

- 18°

00’ S

121°

00’ -

125

°30’

EN

WB

Bro

ome

regi

on, N

orth

wes

t She

lf,

WA

1999

2525

483

6

2911

°00’

- 13

°30’

S12

2°00

’ - 1

24°1

0’ E

Sah

ul

She

lfN

Sah

ul S

helf

(Ash

mor

e, C

artie

r, H

iber

nia

Ree

fs)

3012

539

3177

23

3017

°00’

- 18

°00’

S11

8°45

’ - 1

19°4

5’ E

Sah

ul

She

lfS

Sah

ul S

helf

(Row

ley

Sho

als)

45

00

202

10

3118

°00’

- 22

°30’

S11

5°00

’ - 1

20°0

0’ E

NW

PD

ampi

er a

nd P

ort H

eadl

and

regi

ons,

Nor

thw

est S

helf,

WA

179

380

155

4112

96

5

3221

°00’

- 23

°00’

S11

3°00

’ - 1

15°0

0’ E

NW

PE

xmou

th G

ulf r

egio

n, W

A34

8844

5016

00

3323

°00’

- 27

°00’

S11

2°00

’ - 1

15°0

0’ E

CW

BS

hark

Bay

regi

on, W

A17

5015

3038

38

3427

°00’

- 29

°00’

S11

2°00

’ - 1

15°0

0’ E

CW

PH

outm

an A

brol

hos,

WA

3617

385

4949

24

LOCALITY

Byron Bay

Gold Coast

Hervey Bay

Sunshine Coast

Moreton Bay

Sydney-Illawarra

N Qld Plateau

S Qld Plateau

Shark Bay

Gove region

E Gulf Carpent

S Gulf Carpent

W Gulf Carpent

Wessel Is

Cairns GBR

Far N Qld GBR

Lizard I GBR

Low Is GBR

Torres Straits

Capricorn GBR

Nth’land GBR

Swains GBR

Townsville GBR

Whitsundays GBR

Pompeys GBR

Broome

Bonaparte Arch

Joseph Bonaparte Gulf

Dampier

Exmouth

N Sahul Shelf

S Sahul Shelf

Houtman Abrolhos

Byr

on B

ay

Gol

d C

oast

22.0

Her

vey

Bay

10.6

8.0

Sun

shin

e C

oast

14.3

15.4

23.9

Mor

eton

Bay

22.6

11.8

22.2

36.2

Syd

ney-

Illaw

arra

9.4

7.3

2.3

8.3

10.4

N Q

ld P

late

au0.

00.

07.

411

.86.

90.

8

S Q

ld P

late

au1.

31.

55.

812

.110

.31.

613

.8

Sha

rk B

ay5.

56.

73.

84.

94.

52.

01.

31.

4

Gov

e re

gion

0.0

0.0

1.6

3.3

1.8

1.2

0.0

0.0

9.5

E G

ulf C

arpe

nt.

7.9

6.1

8.9

8.6

8.5

1.6

2.0

1.1

8.5

5.7

S G

ulf C

arpe

nt4.

11.

65.

16.

95.

42.

51.

06.

65.

98.

229

.4

W G

ulf C

arpe

nt5.

32.

27.

46.

36.

01.

00.

02.

713

.612

.126

.229

.0

Wes

sel I

s3.

52.

16.

18.

37.

41.

03.

75.

313

.314

.717

.710

.013

.0

Cai

rns

GB

R5.

02.

98.

618

.113

.43.

29.

820

.42.

71.

87.

35.

47.

99.

1

FarN

Qld

GB

R9.

77.

516

.419

.517

.25.

410

.313

.25.

13.

819

.313

.915

.113

.928

.6

Liza

rd I

GB

R4.

62.

812

.222

.116

.83.

215

.816

.83.

91.

39.

46.

66.

27.

322

.729

.5

Low

Is G

BR

1.0

2.3

12.4

16.5

13.3

1.4

16.0

20.2

5.5

4.2

9.0

6.5

9.8

14.0

25.2

24.5

25.2

Torr

es S

traits

6.2

4.6

16.3

13.6

14.3

2.8

5.0

8.6

6.5

2.7

20.3

20.9

18.1

11.6

17.1

27.0

17.0

13.5

Cap

ricor

n G

BR

5.8

3.7

16.9

23.5

18.6

3.7

12.2

17.8

3.2

1.0

4.6

5.1

3.2

4.5

18.1

19.1

27.7

17.4

11.9

Nor

thum

berla

nd G

BR

4.2

2.6

9.6

11.2

9.6

0.0

8.5

13.5

2.3

0.0

4.7

0.0

9.0

6.6

17.8

9.9

8.0

16.8

8.2

8.5

Sw

ains

GB

R4.

44.

115

.922

.719

.33.

518

.021

.92.

82.

54.

03.

65.

06.

124

.822

.235

.725

.313

.737

.912

.9

Tow

nsvi

lle G

BR

4.7

2.2

14.9

24.6

18.5

2.0

19.7

23.8

4.2

2.4

6.0

5.6

5.5

12.2

30.2

29.1

38.1

32.4

18.7

33.2

15.3

42.0

Whi

tsun

days

GB

R4.

12.

314

.717

.414

.92.

813

.317

.25.

42.

72.

610

.05.

310

.524

.821

.423

.730

.117

.820

.318

.726

.938

.0

Pom

peys

GB

R3.

63.

013

.220

.315

.42.

517

.225

.54.

73.

44.

78.

16.

59.

228

.423

.427

.831

.417

.532

.117

.245

.943

.440

.4

Bro

ome

regi

on1.

40.

05.

26.

33.

40.

80.

02.

214

.98.

219

.310

.714

.621

.64.

47.

86.

67.

411

.03.

01.

72.

65.

66.

44.

9

Bon

apar

te A

rch

0.0

3.8

0.0

1.6

0.9

0.0

0.0

0.0

3.2

8.0

5.8

8.2

6.2

6.0

1.8

3.8

0.8

1.4

2.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.2

Jose

ph B

onap

arte

Gul

f0.

03.

80.

01.

60.

90.

00.

00.

03.

28.

05.

88.

26.

26.

01.

83.

80.

81.

42.

70.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

04.

210

0.0

Dam

pier

reg

ion

2.9

2.1

8.8

10.3

10.3

3.2

2.6

3.6

11.1

3.3

20.0

12.5

11.5

16.9

8.1

18.3

12.1

9.6

15.4

7.9

3.7

8.9

11.6

7.9

7.5

23.7

3.9

3.9

Exm

outh

regi

on3.

82.

43.

96.

55.

41.

01.

31.

425

.33.

410

.24.

612

.224

.06.

98.

43.

96.

85.

62.

87.

42.

94.

25.

63.

912

.47.

07.

014

.3

N S

ahul

She

lf2.

21.

212

.811

.811

.22.

211

.310

.96.

91.

58.

35.

76.

816

.813

.517

.013

.914

.915

.49.

06.

313

.116

.016

.215

.412

.52.

92.

914

.95.

9

S S

ahul

She

lf0.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

00.

0

Hou

tman

Abr

olho

s5.

32.

44.

24.

45.

86.

41.

72.

620

.01.

48.

15.

67.

75.

41.

73.

65.

13.

16.

03.

11.

23.

24.

33.

02.

78.

41.

41.

420

.112

.66.

30.

0

Dar

win

-Cob

ourg

2.2

1.4

11.5

10.2

10.2

2.6

3.2

4.1

7.6

4.9

20.5

13.8

10.7

16.4

4.9

15.9

14.0

12.2

15.8

8.2

4.6

10.0

13.9

13.6

9.7

19.6

3.9

3.9

34.2

9.5

18.9

0.0

10.7

APPENDIX 3. Jaccard Similarity index (%) for pairwise comparisons between small scale (γ-scale diversity) localities sampled for sponges in northern Australia (including temperate transitional zones)



81

Spec

iesN

ame

CEb

NEP

NEb

E.N

PW

.NP

NW

bN

WP

CW

bC

WP

To

ta

l bi

oreg

ions

Cla

thria

(Tha

lysi

as) v

ulpi

na (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

11

11

11

11

19

Ech

inod

icty

um m

esen

terin

um (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

11

11

11

10

18

Sph

ecio

spon

gia

papi

llosa

(Rid

ley

& D

endy

, 188

6)1

11

10

11

11

8A

cant

hella

cav

erno

sa D

endy

, 192

21

11

11

11

00

7C

inac

hyre

lla a

ustra

liens

is (C

arte

r, 18

86)

11

11

11

10

07

Dys

idea

cf.a

vara

(Sch

mid

t, 18

62)

11

11

11

10

07

Ech

inod

icty

um a

sper

um (R

idle

y &

Den

dy, 1

886)

10

11

11

11

07

Hig

gins

ia m

ixta

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

912)

11

11

11

10

07

Hya

ttella

inte

stin

alis

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)1

01

11

11

01

7Ia

nthe

lla b

asta

(Pal

las,

177

6)1

11

11

11

00

7Ia

nthe

lla c

f.fla

belli

form

is (P

alla

s, 1

776)

11

11

11

10

07

Iant

hella

flab

ellif

orm

is (P

alla

s, 1

776)

11

11

11

10

07

Iotro

chot

a ba

culif

era

Rid

ley,

188

41

11

11

11

00

7Irc

inia

11

11

01

11

01

7Irc

inia

125

51

11

11

11

00

7M

yrm

ekio

derm

a gr

anul

ata

(Esp

er, 1

830)

11

11

11

10

07

Oce

anap

ia 1

351

01

11

11

01

7R

habd

astre

lla g

lobo

stel

lata

(Car

ter,

1883

)1

11

11

11

00

7X

esto

spon

gia

test

udin

aria

(Lam

arck

, 181

3)1

11

11

11

00

7A

gela

s ax

ifera

Hen

tsch

el, 1

911

11

10

01

10

16

Aka

muc

osa

(Ber

gqui

st, 1

965)

01

11

11

10

06

Apl

ysin

a ia

nthe

llifo

rmis

(Len

denf

eld,

188

8)1

11

01

01

01

6C

ally

spon

gia

(Tox

ocha

lina)

sch

ulze

i Kie

schn

ick,

190

01

10

11

11

00

6C

arte

riosp

ongi

a fo

liasc

ens

(Pal

las,

176

6)1

11

10

11

00

6C

inac

hyre

lla_(

Rap

hido

teth

ya) e

nigm

atic

a (B

urto

n, 1

934)

11

10

11

10

06

Cio

caly

pta

tyle

ri B

ower

bank

, 187

31

11

01

11

00

6C

lath

ria (T

haly

sias

) len

denf

eldi

Rid

ley

& D

endy

, 188

60

01

11

11

10

6

APP

ENd

iX 4

. lis

t of s

peci

es o

ccur

ring

in fo

ur o

r mor

e tr

opic

al A

ustr

alia

n bi

oreg

ions

.


82

Spe

cies

Nam

eC

EB

NE

PN

EB

E.N

PW

.NP

NW

BN

WP

CW

BC

WP

To

ta

l bi

oreg

ions

Cre

lla_(

Cre

lla) s

pinu

lata

(Hen

tsch

el, 1

911)

01

10

11

10

16

Den

drill

a ro

sea

Lend

enfe

ld, 1

883

11

11

10

00

16

Fasc

aply

sino

psis

retic

ulat

a (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)1

11

11

10

00

6H

alic

lona

(Hal

iclo

na) c

ymae

form

is (E

sper

, 179

4)0

11

01

11

01

6Ia

nthe

lla q

uadr

angu

lata

Ber

gqui

st &

Kel

ly B

orge

s, 1

995

11

11

11

00

06

Lam

ello

dysi

dea

herb

acea

(Kel

ler,

1889

)1

11

01

11

00

6O

cean

apia

ram

sayi

(Len

denf

eld,

188

8)1

00

11

11

01

6P

achy

mat

ism

a 31

11

01

11

01

01

6P

eric

hara

x 58

10

01

11

10

16

Pla

korti

s ni

gra

Levi

, 195

91

11

00

11

01

6R

enio

chal

ina

stal

agm

itis

Lend

enfe

ld, 1

888

10

11

11

10

06

Aap

tos

aapt

os (S

chm

idt,

1864

)1

11

00

11

00

5A

gela

s m

aurit

iana

(Car

ter,

1883

)1

11

01

10

00

5A

xine

lla a

ruen

sis

Hen

tsch

el, 1

912

00

11

11

10

05

Axi

nella

flab

ella

ta (R

idle

y &

Den

dy, 1

886)

11

10

01

01

05

Cin

achy

rella

333

00

01

11

10

15

Cla

thria

(Tha

lysi

as) a

biet

ina

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)0

01

11

11

00

5C

lath

ria (T

haly

sias

) rei

nwar

dti V

osm

aer,

1880

00

11

11

10

05

Cra

niel

la 4

020

00

11

11

10

5D

acty

losp

ongi

a el

egan

s (T

hiel

e, 1

899)

11

11

01

00

05

Dra

gmac

idon

aus

tralis

( B

ergq

uist

, 197

0)1

11

01

10

00

5D

ysid

ea g

ranu

losa

Ber

gqui

st, 1

965

11

10

11

00

05

Ech

inoc

halin

a (E

chin

ocha

lina)

in

term

edia

(W

hite

legg

e,

1902

)1

11

10

01

00

5



83

Spe

cies

Nam

eC

EB

NE

PN

EB

E.N

PW

.NP

NW

BN

WP

CW

BC

WP

To

ta

l bi

oreg

ions

Ech

inod

icty

um c

ance

llatu

m (L

amar

ck, 1

814)

00

01

11

11

05

Ech

inod

icty

um c

onul

osum

Kie

schn

ick,

190

01

01

11

01

00

5E

ctyo

plas

ia ta

bula

(Lam

arck

, 181

4)0

00

11

11

01

5H

alic

hond

ria (H

alic

hond

ria) s

tala

gmite

s (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)1

11

01

10

00

5H

iggi

nsia

sca

bra

Whi

tele

gge,

190

70

01

11

11

00

5H

yrtio

s er

ecta

(Kel

ler,

1889

)1

11

01

10

00

5Le

nden

feld

ia p

licat

a (E

sper

, 180

6)0

11

01

10

01

5M

ycal

e (A

reno

chal

ina)

mira

bilis

(Len

denf

eld,

188

7)1

11

10

01

00

5N

eope

trosi

a ex

igua

(Kirk

patri

ck, 1

900)

11

10

11

00

05

Nip

hate

s 30

70

00

11

11

01

5P

eric

hara

x he

tero

raph

is (P

olej

aeff,

188

3)1

11

10

10

00

5P

hake

llia

646

00

11

11

10

05

Phy

llosp

ongi

a la

mel

losa

(Esp

er, 1

794)

11

10

10

00

15

Phy

llosp

ongi

a pa

pyra

cea

(Esp

er, 1

806)

11

10

01

10

05

Pse

udoc

erat

ina

190

00

01

11

10

15

Pse

udoc

erat

ina

364

11

10

11

00

05

Ras

paili

a (R

aspa

ilia)

ves

tigife

ra D

endy

, 189

60

00

11

11

01

5R

enio

chal

ina

122

01

01

11

10

05

Sph

ecio

spon

gia

vaga

bund

a (R

idle

y, 1

884)

10

01

10

10

15

Ste

lletta

100

51

11

00

11

00

5S

telle

tta c

lavo

sa (S

olla

s, 1

888)

01

11

10

10

05

Sty

lissa

flab

ellif

orm

is (H

ents

chel

, 191

2)0

11

01

11

00

5Th

orec

tand

ra e

xcav

atus

(Rid

ley,

188

4)0

00

11

11

01

5


84

Spe

cies

Nam

eC

EB

NE

PN

EB

E.N

PW

.NP

NW

BN

WP

CW

BC

WP

To

ta

l bi

oreg

ions

Trik

entri

on fl

abel

lifor

me

Hen

tsch

el, 1

912

00

01

11

11

05

Aca

nthe

lla c

onst

ricta

Pul

itzer

-Fin

ali,

1982

11

10

00

10

04

Age

las

cf.m

aurit

iana

(Car

ter,

1883

)1

11

10

00

00

4A

ka 3

320

01

01

11

00

4A

mph

imed

on 1

670

01

10

01

01

4A

nom

oian

thel

la p

opea

e B

ergq

uist

, 198

00

00

01

11

01

4A

stro

scle

ra w

illey

ana

List

er, 1

900

11

10

01

00

04

Axe

chin

a ra

spai

lioid

es H

ents

chel

, 191

20

01

11

01

00

4A

xine

lla 2

60

00

11

11

00

4C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) 1

380

01

11

10

00

4C

ally

spon

gia

(Cal

lysp

ongi

a) 3

690

10

11

00

01

4C

aulo

spon

gia

perfo

liata

(Lam

arck

, 181

3)0

00

00

11

11

4C

erat

opsi

on p

alm

ata

Hoo

per,

1991

00

01

11

10

04

Cho

ndril

la 1

41

11

01

00

00

4C

inac

hyre

lla 3

761

11

01

00

00

4C

inac

hyre

lla s

chul

zei K

elle

r, 18

800

01

01

11

00

4C

lath

ria (T

haly

sias

) pro

cera

(Rid

ley,

188

4)0

01

11

01

00

4C

lath

ria (T

haly

sias

) tin

gens

Hoo

per,

1996

01

10

11

00

04

Clio

na 1

71

10

01

10

00

4C

liona

76

00

11

10

10

04

Clio

na o

rient

alis

Thi

ele,

190

01

11

01

00

00

4C

liona

pat

era

(Har

dwic

ke, 1

822)

00

11

01

10

04

Coe

loca

rteria

sin

gapo

rens

is (C

arte

r, 18

83)

01

11

10

00

04



85

Spe

cies

Nam

eC

EB

NE

PN

EB

E.N

PW

.NP

NW

BN

WP

CW

BC

WP

To

ta

l bi

oreg

ions

Cre

lla_(

Cre

lla) 1

525

11

11

00

00

04

Cym

bast

ela

cora

lliop

hila

Hoo

per &

Ber

gqui

st, 1

992

11

11

00

00

04

Cym

bast

ela

vesp

ertin

a H

oope

r & B

ergq

uist

, 199

20

00

11

11

00

4D

esm

apsa

mm

a 24

10

10

01

11

00

4D

icty

oden

drill

a 36

20

01

01

11

00

4D

isyr

ingi

a di

ssim

ilis

(Rid

ley,

188

4)0

00

11

11

00

4D

ysid

ea 1

60

11

01

10

00

4D

ysid

ea a

rena

ria (B

ergq

uist

, 196

5)1

11

00

10

00

4E

chin

odic

tyum

nid

ulus

Hen

tsch

el, 1

911

01

00

10

01

14

Ect

yopl

asia

van

nus

Hoo

per,

1991

00

01

11

10

04

Esp

erio

psis

48

00

10

10

10

14

Fasc

iosp

ongi

a 29

00

01

10

01

01

4G

ello

ides

fibu

latu

s R

idle

y, 1

884

01

10

11

00

04

Hal

icho

ndria

(Hal

icho

ndria

) 122

71

11

10

00

00

4H

alic

hond

ria (H

alic

hond

ria) 1

790

01

10

11

00

4H

alic

hond

ria

(Hal

icho

ndria

) be

rgqu

ista

e H

oope

r et

al

., 19

971

11

01

00

00

4H

alic

hond

ria (H

alic

hond

ria) p

hake

llioi

des D

endy

& F

rede

rick,

19

240

00

11

11

00

4H

alic

lona

(Hal

iclo

na) 1

381

11

11

00

00

04

Hal

iclo

na (H

alic

lona

) 36

00

01

11

10

04

Hal

iclo

na (H

alic

lona

) 384

10

00

11

10

04

Hym

enia

cido

n 10

661

11

00

00

01

4Io

troch

ota

377

00

11

10

10

04


86

Spe

cies

Nam

eC

EB

NE

PN

EB

E.N

PW

.NP

NW

BN

WP

CW

BC

WP

To

ta

l bi

oreg

ions

Iotro

chot

a co

ccin

ea (C

arte

r, 18

86)

11

10

01

00

04

Ircin

ia 1

228

00

11

10

10

04

Ircin

ia 1

944

11

11

00

00

04

Lios

ina

para

doxa

The

ile, 1

899

11

10

01

00

04

Myc

ale

(Myc

ale)

80

11

00

10

10

04

Myc

ale

(Myc

ale)

pec

tinic

ola

Hen

tsch

el, 1

911

00

01

01

10

14

Oce

anap

ia 1

220

01

11

10

00

04

Pha

kelli

a 24

40

00

11

11

00

4P

hake

llia

stip

itata

(Car

ter,

1881

)1

11

10

00

00

4P

horio

spon

gia

293

01

01

10

10

04

Pse

udoc

erat

ina

1279

11

11

00

00

04

Spi

rast

rella

150

00

01

10

10

14

Spo

ngia

198

31

11

01

00

00

4S

pong

ia h

ispi

da L

amar

ck, 1

813

11

10

00

10

04

Ste

lletta

spl

ende

ns (d

e La

uben

fels

, 195

4)1

11

00

01

00

4S

tylis

sa c

arte

ri (D

endy

, 188

9)1

11

00

01

00

4Te

thya

coc

cine

a B

ergq

uist

& K

elly

-Bor

ges,

199

10

01

10

01

01

4Th

rinac

opho

ra c

ervi

corn

is R

idle

y &

Den

dy, 1

887

00

01

11

10

04

Trac

hycl

adus

laev

ispi

rulif

er C

arte

r, 18

791

00

00

01

11

4X

esto

spon

gia

158

00

11

10

10

04



87

APPENdiX 5. Metadata for the sponge dataset to accompany NOO, gA and OZCAM databases

Sponge Specimen Point database

Data Type Biolink Relational Database

Marine Planning Region

Eastern-central Marine Region (ECMR)

North-east Marine Region (NEMR)

North-west Marine Region (NWMR)

Northern Marine Region (NMR)

South-east Marine Region (SEMR)

South-west Marine Region (SWMR)

Western-central Marine Region (WCMR)

Custodian Queensland Museum

Jurisdiction Australia

Originator Organisations (sources of the base data)

Queensland Museum

Contact Queensland Museum

Queensland Centre for Biodiversity

PO Box 3300,

South Brisbane,

Qld, 4101, Australia

www.Qmuseum.qld.gov.au

_________________________________

Abstract This is a dataset of sponge distributions in tropical

and subtropical Australia collected by the Queensland Museum (1991- present); the US National Cancer Institute shallow water collection contract (sponges) undertaken by James Cook University and the Australian Institute of Marine Science (1988-1991)

now housed at the Queensland Museum Brisbane campus; the Northern Territory Museum sponge dataset (1982-1991), with some additional records of selected (surrogate) species collected since 1991, and some Western Australian Museum records of selected species. Majority of records from tropical Australia but with additional material from the Indo-west Pacific islands and Antarctica.

Attributes Taxonomic names, authorities, unique

specimen and registration numbers, collection date, collector, collection method, locality, latitude, longitude, position source, position error, depth minimum, depth maximum, depth source, depth error, habitat, storage site, storage condition, identified by, date of identification, identification accuracy and collection notes.

limitations Variable taxonomic rigor applied across

the collections (different identifiers), method of fixing locality records (GPS, gazetteer etc.) and depth recording (sounder, dive computer etc.), with coding applied for these variables within a defined confidence interval.

documentation links www.Qmuseum.qld.gov.au

h t t p : / / w w w. q m u s e u m . q l d . g o v. a u /organisation/sections/sessilemarineinvertebrates/spong.pdf

data links h t t p : / / w w w. q m u s e u m . q l d . g o v. a u /

organisation/sections/sessilemarineinvertebrates/spong.pdf

http://www.marine.csiro.au/caab/

http://www.ozcam.gov.au/


88

location Keywords Australia

ANZliC geographic Extent Names (Category, [Jurisdiction], Name)

Australia, [Australia], Australia

geographic Extent

7.24 S 97.29 E 156.5 E 41.14 S

___________________________________

Subject Categories and Search Word(s)

general Keywords

Porifera, Sponges, Biodiversity

ANZliC Search Words

__________________________________

beginning date: 1 Jan 1982 Ending date: 22 July 2004 Progress: Complete Maintenance and Update Frequency: Not specified Stored Data Format(s)

Biolink Relational Database

Stored data volume 220 MB

Available Format Type(s) Biolink Export: ASCII text, RTF, Microsoft

Excel, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Word, XML, Bitmap Distribution maps

Access constraint Not all attributes available to the public

__________________________________

lineage The Sponge Dataset was created from

conversion of R:Base databases from Queensland Museum and Northern Territory Museum Data. The specimens were reclassified

under a revised classification published in Systema Porifera (2002). Data confidence levels were determined for location, depth and identifications. The creation of GIS distribution maps and Predictive distribution maps were then carried out on selected key taxa.

Numeric spatial scale denominator: Projection details

Positional accuracy The majority of locations and depths are

recorded in precise latitudes and longitudes (decimal degrees), and metres respectively. The accuracies of the locations are split into 5 groups(1) Excellent (GPS to 2 to 3 decimals and depth

from dive computer)(2) Good (GPS to 1 decimal place and depth from

dive computer or depth sounder)(3) Satisfactory (Locality determined from map,

depth from dive computer or sounder)(4) Poor (Locality and depth determined from

anecdotal evidence from collector or gazetter)

(5) Doubtful (anecdotal evidence questionable, or antiquated record from museum register)

Those locations without precise latitudes and longitudes are given a rating (0) Unknown origin, as these collections locations were either not recorded or recorded as simply e.g. “Queensland”.

Attribute accuracy Variable

logical consistency report

Completeness Complete

____________________________________

Metadata Access Public

Metadata Entry Created 22 Jul 2004 by Merrick Ekins

Metadata last Updated

technical reports of the queensland museum

Documents