Thai Global Warming CaseThai Global Warming Case

Chanokporn PrompinchompooChanokporn Prompinchompoo

Faculty of LawFaculty of Law

Ramkhamhaeng UniversityRamkhamhaeng University

I. Climate Change StatusI. Climate Change Status

II. Current LegislationsII. Current Legislations III. Current CasesIII. Current Cases

Impacts of Climate Change in Impacts of Climate Change in ThailandThailand

FloodFlood

DroughtDrought

BiodiversityBiodiversity

TemperatureTemperature

Coral ReefCoral Reef

What are the capacity to adapt?What are the capacity to adapt?

• 41.1% labor in agricultural sector41.1% labor in agricultural sector• Approx. 80% of farm land without irrigation, esp. in Approx. 80% of farm land without irrigation, esp. in

the North and Northeastthe North and Northeast• 2011 flooding cost is estimated at 130,000 million 2011 flooding cost is estimated at 130,000 million

baht (about 1% of GDP); Approx. 4 million baht (about 1% of GDP); Approx. 4 million households and 12.9 million people in 61 provinces households and 12.9 million people in 61 provinces are affected. are affected.

• About 3,000 km. of coastlines in 23 provinces that About 3,000 km. of coastlines in 23 provinces that house approx.12 million people house approx.12 million people

How does Thailand contribute to How does Thailand contribute to global warming?global warming?

StatisticsStatistics

country

(1)2005 GHG per capita

(2)2008 CO2 per capita

(3)2008 Total

CO2 emission  (tCO2e) (tCO2) (MtCO2)

thailand 1.6 4.2 286myanmar 2.2 0.3 13cambodia 1.9 0.3 5vietnam 1.3 1.5 127malaysia 2.4 7.6 208singapore 1.4 6.7 32indonesia 1.5 1.7 406phillippines 0.8 0.9 83brunei 17.9 27.5 11laos N/A 0.3 2

ASEAN 3.44* 5.1 1,173WORLD 1.7 4.5 29,837

* Not including Laos

(1) GHG per capita: Emissions from methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases, including hydrofluorocarbons, per fluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride, divided by midyear population. Carbon dioxide emissions are not included.

(2) CO2 per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear population.

(3) Total CO2: Human-originated carbon dioxide emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels, gas flaring and the production of cement, including carbon dioxide emitted by forest biomass through depletion of forest areas.

Source: UNDP Human Development Index 2013

Positive MeasuresPositive Measures

• Party to UNFCCC and Kyoto ProtocolParty to UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol– Ratified UNFCCC in 1994Ratified UNFCCC in 1994

– Ratified Kyoto Protocol in 2002Ratified Kyoto Protocol in 2002

• Integrating climate change objectives into national Integrating climate change objectives into national plans plans – Integrating climate change objectives iIntegrating climate change objectives into nto National National

Economic and Social Development PlanEconomic and Social Development Plan

– Draft Climate CDraft Climate Chanhange Mge Maaster Plan (2013-2050) ster Plan (2013-2050)

• Climate Change ProgrammeClimate Change Programme– Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

Current LegislationCurrent Legislation• No direct climate change lawNo direct climate change law

• Environmental related laws:Environmental related laws:– ConstitutionConstitution– Enhancement and Conservation of National Enhancement and Conservation of National

Environmental Quality Act 1992Environmental Quality Act 1992– National Park Act 1961National Park Act 1961– Factory Act 1992Factory Act 1992– Land Traffic Act 1992Land Traffic Act 1992– RecommedationRecommedation– EEtc.tc.

CasesCases

• Some interesting cases but not directly on Some interesting cases but not directly on climate change.climate change.– Bangkok Mass Transit Authority BusesBangkok Mass Transit Authority Buses– Map Ta PutMap Ta Put– Mae MohMae Moh

Cases: BMTA BusesCases: BMTA Buses

Cases: Map Ta PutCases: Map Ta Put

Cases: Mae MohCases: Mae Moh

ConclusionConclusion

• Consider climate change lawConsider climate change law

• Review and revise relevant law to use on Review and revise relevant law to use on climate change casesclimate change cases

• Consider role of the Courts to address climate Consider role of the Courts to address climate change by apply existing laws to the casechange by apply existing laws to the case

• International cooperationInternational cooperation

Thank youThank you