The Arteries

SHANDONG UNIVERSITY

Liu Zhiyu

The Arteries

Characteristics Symmetry In the trunk of the body consist parietal

and visceral branches Shortest possible course

Run on flexor surfaces Usually do not pass directly through

muscles, avoiding compression Together with the veins and nerves in a

sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bundle

Pulmonary trunk

Arises from right ventricle Runs up, back ,and to the left Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch

into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung

Arterial ligament

Remnant of ductus arteriosus A fibrous band that connects bi

furcation of pulmonary trunk with inferior border of aortic arch

Pulmonary Artery

AortaPatent Ductus Arteriosus

Arteries of systemic circulation

★ Aorta

Ascending aorta

Aortic arch

T4

Descending aorta

L4

Common iliac a.

Level of second right sternocostal joint

Aorta

Ascending aorta Arises from left ventricle Runs upward, forward and to the right Extends to level of second right sternoc

ostal joint Branches: right and left coronary arteri

es

Aorta

Aortic arch Continuation of ascending aorta Curves upward, to the left and posteriorly, t

hen downward, arching over left principal bronchus and pulmonary trunk to lower border of T4 level, to become descending aorta

Branches (from right to left ) Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery

Aortic glomera－ chemoreceptor

Aorta

Descending aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta

★ Common carotid a.

Origin (arises from) Brachiocephalic trunk on the right Aortic arch on the left

Ascends in neck to upper border of thyroid cartilage; bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries

★ Common carotid a.

★ Carotid sinus (baroreceptor), located at a localize

s dilation of terminal part of common carotid artery or beginning of internal carotid artery, sensitive to blood pressure changes

★ Carotid glomus (chemoreceptor), lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of common carotid artery, senses changes in blood carbon dioxide (oxygen) levels

★ Common carotid a.

★ External carotid artery Superior thyroid a. descends to supply upper pole of thyroid gl

and and larynx Lingual a. Facial a. Occipital a. Posterior auricular a. Maxillary a. Superficial temporal a.

★ Subclavian artery Origin (arises from)

Brachiocephalic trunk on right Aortic arch on left

End: becomes axillary artery at lateral border of first rib

Branches Vertebral a. Internal thoracic a. Thyrocervical trunk

Inferior thyroid artery Superascapular a.

Costocervical trunk

Vertebral a.

Thyrocervical trunk

Inferior thyroid a.

Internal thoratic a.

Transvers cervical a.

Costocervical trunk

Suprascapular a.

Axillary artery

Continuation of subclavian artery at l

ateral border of first rib Becomes brachial artery at lower bor

der of teres major Divided into three parts by overlying

pectoralis minor

Axillary artery

First portion, above muscle Thoracoacromial a.

Second portion, behind muscle Lateral thoracic a.

Third portion, below muscle Anterior humeral circumflex a.

Posterior humeral circumflex a.

Subscapular a.

Throcodorsal a. Circumflex scapular a.

Brachial artery

Continuation of axillary artery Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at l

evel of neck of radius Branches

Deep brachial a. Superior ulnar collaeral a. Inferior ulnar collateral a.

Radial artery & Ulnar artery

Radial artery Superfical palmar branch Principal artery of thumb

Ulnar artery Common interosseous artery

Anterior interossous a. Posterior interosseous a.

Deep palmar branch

Superficial palmar arch

Formed by ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of radial artery

The curve of arch lies across the palm, level with the distal border of fully extended thumb

Gives rise to three common palmar digital arteries each then divides into two proper palmar digital arteries

Deep palmar arch

Formed by radial artery and deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

The curve of arch lies across upper part of palmar at level with proximal border of extended thumb

Gives rise to three palmar metacarpal arteries

Thoracic aorta Course

Continuation of aortic arch at lower border of T4

Passes through aortic hiatus of diaphragm at level of T12 vertebra to enter abdominal cavity

Main branches Parietal branches

Posterior intercostals arteries subcostal artery Superior phrenic arteries

Visceral branches Bronchial branches Esophageal branches Pericardial branches

Abdominal aorta

Continuation of thoracic aorta at aortic hiatus of diaphragm in front of T12

Terminates at lower border of L4 vertebra by dividing into right and left common iliac arteries

Abdominal aorta

Parietal branches Inferior phrenic a. (one pair) Lumbar a. (four pairs of arteries that s

upply the posterior abdominal wall) Median sacral a.

Abdominal aorta

Visceral branches Paired branches

Middle suprarenal artery Renal artery Testicular (ovarian) artery

Abdominal aorta

Renal artery

Lower accessory renal a.

Abdominal aorta

Unpaired branches Celiac trunk － a short large artery that arises from th

e front of aorta as it emerges through the diaphragm.

Superior mesenteric a. － arises from the front of aorta, at the level of L1

Inferior mesenteric a. － arises from the front of aorta, at level of L3

Left gastric a.

Common hepatic a.

Splenic a.

Gastroduodenal a.

Proper hepatic a.

Right gastric a.

Left branch

Right branch

Cystic a.

Short gastric a.

Left gastroepiploic a.

Right gastroepiploic a.Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

Splenic branches

Celiac trunk

Celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric a.

Inf. pancreaticodudenal a.

Jejunal and ileal a.Ileocolic a.

Appendicular a.

Right colic a.

Middle colic a. Superior Mesenteric v.

Inferior mesenteric a.

Left colic a.

Sigmoid a.

Superior rectal a.

Inferior mesenteric v.

Common iliac artery

Continuation of abdominal aorta at level of L4 vertebra

Run downward and laterally to end opposite the sacroiliac joint by dividing into internal and external iliac arteries.

Internal iliac artery

Parietal branches Obturator a. Superior gluteal a. Inferior gluteal a. Iliolumber a. Lateral sacral a.

Internal iliac artery

Visceral branches Umbilical a. → superior vesical

a. Inferior vesical a. Uterine a. Inferior rectal a. Internal pudendal a.

Internal iliac artery

Uterine a. 　　 － about 2cm from neck of uterus it cr

osses above and in front of ureter

小桥流水

Internal iliac artery

Uterine a. － about 2cm from neck of uterus it cro

sses above and in front of ureter

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Internal iliac artery

Internal pudendal artery Course: leaves the pelvis through the infr

apiriform foramen and enters the gluteal region. It enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen and then passes forward in the pudendal canal with the pudendal nerve.

Branches Anal artery Perineal artery Dorsal artery of penis (clitoris)

External iliac artery

Branches Inferior epigastric artery

Deep iliac circumflex artery

Femoral a. Continuation of the external iliac a. Begins midpoint of inguinal ligament Ends at the adductor tendinous opening by e

ntering the popliteal fossa as the popliteal artery

Principal branch deep femeral a. arises from the posterolateral surface of the femoral art

ery about 5 cm below the inguinal ligament. Medial femoral circumflex lateral femoral circumflex Four perforating arteries

Popliteal arteryCourse: Begins at the adductor tendinous openin

g Here it is continuous with the femoral artery

Ends at the lower border of the popliteus where it divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Posterior tibial artery

Passes downwards deep to gastrocnemius and soleus

Passes behind medial mallealus by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Branches: Peroneal a. Medial and lateral plantar a.

Anterior tibial artery

Descends on anterior surface of interosseous membrane

In front of ankle joint becomes dorsal a. of foot

Dorsal artery of foot

Passes forward between tendons of extensor longus and extensor digitorum longus to the proximal

End of first intermetatarsal space Branches

Deep plantar a. 1st digital a. Arcuate a.