The Female Genital Organs SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

The Female Genital Organs

Composion: Internal genital organs

Ovaries Conveying ducts

External genital organs

Uterine tubes Uterus

Vagina

Position － lies in the ovarian fossa in the angle between the internal and external iliac vessels on the lateral pelvic wall.

Ovary

Shape － an ovoid organ

Superior pole

Inferior pole Anterior border

Mesovarian border Hilum of ovary

Ⅰ.internal genital organs

Supporting structures Suspensory ligament of o

vary Proper ligament of ovary

Function:

Produce ovasecrete estrogens

Posterior border － free borderTwo surfaces － medial and lateral

internal genital organs

Female Reproductive Cycle

internal genital organs

Uterine tube General features About 10cm long Located in the upper edge of broad ligament of uterus

internal genital organs

Four parts Infundibulum of uterine tube

Fimbriae of uterine tube

ovarian fimbria

Ampulla of uterine tube relatively wide, tortuous, longst part, where the fertilization of the ovum takes place

internal genital organs

Isthmus of uterine tube － straight and narrow portion, is the place where the tubal ligation is performed

Uterine part, pierces uterine wall and opens into cavity of uterus by uterine orifice of uterine tube

internal genital organs

Uterus

General features － muscular pear-shaped organ

Three parts Fundus of uterus Body of uterus Neck of uterus

Vaginal parts of cervix Supravaginal parts of cervix

internal genital organs

Uterus

Isthmus of uterus

－ short constricted part, between the body and the neck of uterus,

internal genital organs

Interior cavityCavity of uterus － the cavity of body of uterus, is triangular in coronal section

Canal of cervix of uterus － the cavity of the neck, opens into the vagina at the orifice of uterus

Uterus

internal genital organs

Position Lies in the center of th

e pelvic catity, between bladder and rectum ；

usually it is anteversio

n 前倾 anteflexion

前屈

Uterus

internal genital organs

Anteversion － axis of uterus meet with that of vagina at about 90o ;

Uterus

Position

Anteflexion － axis of body of uterus is bent forward to form an angle of about 170o with that of the cervix .

internal genital organs

Supports of uterus

Pelvic diaphragm Ligaments

Broad ligament of uterus

Round ligament of uterus

Cardinal ligament of uterus

Uterosacral ligament of uterus

internal genital organs

Broad ligament of uterus

Mesosalpinx for the uterine tubes Mesometrium for the ovary Mesovarium

internal genital organs

Round ligament of uterus maintain in anteversion position of uterus

Cardinal ligament of uterus support the position of uterus to prevent from dropping.

Uterosacral ligament of uterus maintain in anteverted position of uterus

internal genital organs

Vagina Flattened fibromuscular tub

e, about 8 ～ 9cm long Extends upward and backw

ard from vestibule to uterus

Fornix of vagina Formed between cervix and

walls of vagina Posterior fornix Lateral parts Anterior part

deepest and larger part and related to the rectouterine pouch closely.

internal genital organs

Accessory gland

Great vestibular gland On either side of

vaginal orifice Open on both sides of

orifice of vagina

internal genital organs

Ⅱ.External genital organs

Mons pubis Greater lips of pudendum Lesser lips of pudendum

Vaginal vestibule Clitoris Bulb of vestibule

Ⅲ. The mammae

Position• Lie in superficial fascia over

the pectorals major and pectoral fascia

• Extend from 3rd to 7th ribs vertically, and from parasternal line to midaxillary line transversally

Shape:

in the young adult female (nullipara) the mamma forms a round eminence. The mammary niple 乳头 is on the center of the mamma, and commonly lies at the level of the fouth intercostal space .

areola 乳晕： pigmented area surrounded the niple

Ⅲ. The mammae

Structures － The mamma consists of skin,

mammary glands and adipose tissue;

Each brest has about 15 ～ 20 lobes of mammary gland 。

Each lobe has has a lactiferous duct which opens separately on the summit of the nipple and possesses a dilated lactiferous sinuses just prior to its termination

Ⅲ. The mammae

• Suspensory ligaments of breast (cooper’s ligaments ) － strands of connective tissue runs between skin and deep fascia and serve to support the mammary glands

Ⅲ. The mammae