The CrusadesThe CrusadesThe CrusadesThe Crusades

1095-12911095-12911095-12911095-1291

What were the Crusades?What were the Crusades?What were the Crusades?What were the Crusades?

religious battles over the fight for the “Holy Land”

Fought mainly between Catholics, Christians and Muslims over Jerusalem

Goal: was to recapture Jerusalem from Muslim rule

religious battles over the fight for the “Holy Land”

Fought mainly between Catholics, Christians and Muslims over Jerusalem

Goal: was to recapture Jerusalem from Muslim rule

Significance of Holy LandSignificance of Holy LandSignificance of Holy LandSignificance of Holy Land

Christians- represented nativity, ministry, resurrection of Jesus

Muslims- sacred site, site of ascension into heaven for Muhammad, prophet of Allah

Jews- their homeland was Jerusalem

Christians- represented nativity, ministry, resurrection of Jesus

Muslims- sacred site, site of ascension into heaven for Muhammad, prophet of Allah

Jews- their homeland was Jerusalem

Crusaders were....Crusaders were....Crusaders were....Crusaders were....

“Soldiers for the Church”

Most believed that fighting and dying to reclaim Jerusalem would lead them right to heaven

1095 Pope Urban II called for Christians to go to war

“Soldiers for the Church”

Most believed that fighting and dying to reclaim Jerusalem would lead them right to heaven

1095 Pope Urban II called for Christians to go to war

Pope Urban IIPope Urban IIPope Urban IIPope Urban II

Spoke at the Council of Claremont 1095

He angered Christians by talking about how others had been attacked and murdered

Promised if you died in the holy war, you would have automatic entry into heaven

One of the most influential speeches ever

His speech started the holy wars in western Europe for the next 200 years

Spoke at the Council of Claremont 1095

He angered Christians by talking about how others had been attacked and murdered

Promised if you died in the holy war, you would have automatic entry into heaven

One of the most influential speeches ever

His speech started the holy wars in western Europe for the next 200 years

Holy WarsHoly WarsHoly WarsHoly Wars

There were a total of nine crusades

The 1st was a fight between Christians against the Jews

Crusaders started their journey from France to Jerusalem

They thought the travel would be very easy and no fighting would be required because they thought God

would just knock the walls down when they

There were a total of nine crusades

The 1st was a fight between Christians against the Jews

Crusaders started their journey from France to Jerusalem

They thought the travel would be very easy and no fighting would be required because they thought God

would just knock the walls down when they

Many traveling Crusaders just left...no plans, money, brains

Many died along the way

Some stopped in Germany because Jerusalem was too far

Many traveling Crusaders just left...no plans, money, brains

Many died along the way

Some stopped in Germany because Jerusalem was too far

They killed many Jews just because they were not Christians

Remember: church, God, Jesus, Allah, Holy land, heaven, fighting, murder, killing, robbing......Do you see any issues with these KEY TERMS of the Crusades?

They killed many Jews just because they were not Christians

Remember: church, God, Jesus, Allah, Holy land, heaven, fighting, murder, killing, robbing......Do you see any issues with these KEY TERMS of the Crusades?

Effects from war....Effects from war....Effects from war....Effects from war....

poverty

food shortages, supply shortages

fear

destruction of many cities

slaughters of masses of people including children AND..............

poverty

food shortages, supply shortages

fear

destruction of many cities

slaughters of masses of people including children AND..............

Ewwwwww GrossEwwwwww GrossEwwwwww GrossEwwwwww Gross

"I shudder to tell that many of our people, harassed by the madness of excessive hunger, cut pieces from the buttocks of the Saracens already dead there, which they cooked, but when it was not yet roasted enough by the fire, they devoured it with savage mouth."

"I shudder to tell that many of our people, harassed by the madness of excessive hunger, cut pieces from the buttocks of the Saracens already dead there, which they cooked, but when it was not yet roasted enough by the fire, they devoured it with savage mouth."

Cannibalism Cannibalism Cannibalism Cannibalism

Dead adult bodies were boiled in huge pots

Children were grilled over fire pits

Dead adult bodies were boiled in huge pots

Children were grilled over fire pits

Ewwwww Gross AgainEwwwww Gross AgainEwwwww Gross AgainEwwwww Gross Again

• 'Eating babies' is a standard accusation in Western civilisation against one's religious or political           opponents. It is the ultimate taboo, as you will realise. Hence the Romans accused the early           Christians of eating babies, the medieval West accused Jews and heretics of eating babies, in           medieval literature pagans eat babies, the Revolutionary French peasantry accused the French           nobility of eating babies. The crusaders did eat their horses (which in Britain at least is only one           step up from eating babies) and during the first crusade one group of warriors (the 'Tafurs') were           accused of eating babies...

• 'Eating babies' is a standard accusation in Western civilisation against one's religious or political           opponents. It is the ultimate taboo, as you will realise. Hence the Romans accused the early           Christians of eating babies, the medieval West accused Jews and heretics of eating babies, in           medieval literature pagans eat babies, the Revolutionary French peasantry accused the French           nobility of eating babies. The crusaders did eat their horses (which in Britain at least is only one           step up from eating babies) and during the first crusade one group of warriors (the 'Tafurs') were           accused of eating babies...

Effects on ExplorationEffects on ExplorationEffects on ExplorationEffects on Exploration

• While traveling Crusaders passed many places such as ASIA

• They saw many things that peeked their curiosity

• Books, Compass, Gold, Pepper

• While traveling Crusaders passed many places such as ASIA

• They saw many things that peeked their curiosity

• Books, Compass, Gold, Pepper

• People got curious and wanted to begin find stuff…..

• Exploration had begun and also a Renaissance would begin…books, art, literature

• People got curious and wanted to begin find stuff…..

• Exploration had begun and also a Renaissance would begin…books, art, literature

Shipbuilding and FundingShipbuilding and FundingShipbuilding and FundingShipbuilding and Funding

• After the Crusades shipbuilding increased and more money was granted for exploration

• Prince Henry the Navigator- Portugal

• Navigation school, improvements in shipbuilding

• After the Crusades shipbuilding increased and more money was granted for exploration

• Prince Henry the Navigator- Portugal

• Navigation school, improvements in shipbuilding

TimeLineTimeLineTimeLineTimeLine

• 1400-1500 European Renaissance

• 1430’s Portuguese begin to explore West Africa

• 1441 African slaves first traded

• 1472 Isabella becomes Queen

• 1492 Columbus lands in the Caribbean islands

• 1400-1500 European Renaissance

• 1430’s Portuguese begin to explore West Africa

• 1441 African slaves first traded

• 1472 Isabella becomes Queen

• 1492 Columbus lands in the Caribbean islands

West AfricaWest AfricaWest AfricaWest Africa

• Africans lived much like the Natives

• Sophisticated form of government ran by elites

• Took part in trade with Europe, India, Asia

• They exported gold, copper, cloth, spices

• Africans lived much like the Natives

• Sophisticated form of government ran by elites

• Took part in trade with Europe, India, Asia

• They exported gold, copper, cloth, spices

KongoKongoKongoKongo

• Southwest coast of Africa

• One of the most prosperous

• Markets….yams, pigs, grains, palm oils, goats

• Lots of trading opportunities=lots of wealth

• Women collected black shells used as money

• Southwest coast of Africa

• One of the most prosperous

• Markets….yams, pigs, grains, palm oils, goats

• Lots of trading opportunities=lots of wealth

• Women collected black shells used as money

Kongo GovernmentKongo GovernmentKongo GovernmentKongo Government

• Elaborate system

• Divided into 8 provinces, each had a governor and local officials

• King was elected

• Kings crib was large…….in the capital where it was the center of trade

• Elaborate system

• Divided into 8 provinces, each had a governor and local officials

• King was elected

• Kings crib was large…….in the capital where it was the center of trade

If need be….If need be….If need be….If need be….

• The king of Kongo could raise an 80,000 men army

• Tropical weather lead to……..

• The king of Kongo could raise an 80,000 men army

• Tropical weather lead to……..

Explorers Explorers Explorers Explorers

• John Cabot- Italian but lived in England

• Christopher Columbus-Europe

• Juan Ponce de Leon-Spain

• Vasca Da Gama-Portugal

• Giovanni Da Verranzo-Italy

• John Cabot- Italian but lived in England

• Christopher Columbus-Europe

• Juan Ponce de Leon-Spain

• Vasca Da Gama-Portugal

• Giovanni Da Verranzo-Italy

Slaves/SlaverySlaves/SlaverySlaves/SlaverySlaves/Slavery

• In Africa, some criminals became slaves, but could earn their freedom

• Most children were free

• In Africa, some criminals became slaves, but could earn their freedom

• Most children were free