the need for more diversity in artemia - aquaculture.ugent.be · larvi 2001 - ghent university,...
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larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
varying characteristics - a handicap or an opportunity for the optimal use of Artemia in fish and shellfish
larviculture
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Artemiamajor component in larval feeding
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
World Artemia Demand ‘90
>2,000 MT dry cysts / year
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
GSL – Artemia production
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000
wet weight (mt)
76/78
84/85
85/86
86/87
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90/91
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00/01
year
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
10.000
dry weight (mt)
GSL – Artemia production
94/95
95/96
96/97
97/98
98/99
99/00
00/01
year
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
INVE: Artemia Task Force>> diversification & stabilization of the Artemia supply
Site surveys & explorations worldwide
Ecological studies- population dynamics- contaminations
identification
sustainability
Harvest of the new resource
Technical and economical studies- accessibility, sustainable quantities- characteristics of the resource relevant to larviculture, …
exploitation
feasibilty
productionProcessing
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
INVE: Artemia Task Force>> diversification & stabilization of the Artemia supply
Site surveys & explorations worldwideEcological studies
Harvest of the new resourceTechnical and economical studies
Processing
-in-house expertise-universities, specialized laboratories-local institutes
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
OthersGSL
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
Siberia
China – Bohai bay
Central Asia
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
Central AsiaFew large lakesDepressions along the Caspian seaSmall primary productivityUnstable
Diverse origin / biotopesGenetically different Artemia
Different characteristics
SiberiaNumerous smaller lakesMostly relicts from ice-agesOften large primary productivity+/- stable
a handicap or an opportunity for the optimal use of Artemiain fish and shellfish larvicultureChina – Bohai bay
Huge area of coastal saltworksProductiveVariable
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of ArtemiaCharacteristics
- biometrics of the cysts- biometrics of the nauplii- hatching characteristics- separation of nauplii / unhatched cysts- decapsulation behaviour- pigmentation of the nauplii- nutritional value- enrichment
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: tested strains
GSL
South Arm
North Arm
harvest: 2000
harvest: 1999
harvest: 1998
Russia: Bolsjoe Yarovoe
Kazachstan: Pavlodar Area
harvest: 2000
harvest: 2000
Siberia
Turkmenistan: Kara Bogaz Golharvest: 1999
C-AsiaChinaCoastal Saltworks: Bohai Bay
harvest: 1999
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: cyst biometrics
2000 2000 2000 2000 1998 1999 1999 1999
GSL C-AsiaSiberia ChinaSiberiaGSL GSL GSLPavlodar B.Yarovoe KBG Bohai B.South NorthSouthSouth
cyst color
249 270 250 276 249 268 257 244cyst diameter (µm)
238 254 232 254 243 250 238 228diameter decapsulated cysts (µm)
5.2 7.8 9.0 11.0 3.2 8.9 9.1 7.8chorion thickness (µm)
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: hatching
Traditional evaluations- Hatching percentage (number of nauplii hatched out of 100 full cysts)
> overlooks impurities, empty shells, …
- Hatching efficiency (number of nauplii / gram of cysts)> overlooks size, weight of nauplii
- Hatching output (weight of nauplii / gram of cysts)- number of nauplii
number of cysts / gram + hatching percentage- weight of the nauplii
strain specific- development stage
time of harvesthatching rate
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: hatching
Hatching rate
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5 10 15 20 25 30Incubation time (h)
Hatc
hing
per
cent
age
(%
BY-2000
GSL-S-1998
KBG-1999
GSL-S-2000
GSL-N-1999
Pavlodar-2000
Bohai-1999
24 h incubation
StrainBY-2000GSL-S-1998KBG-1999GSL-S-2000GSL-N-1999Pav-2000Bohai-1999
% Instar II08301493051
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: nauplius biometrics
2000 2000 2000 1998 1999 1999 1999
GSL C-AsiaSiberia ChinaSiberia GSL GSLPavlodar B.Yarovoe KBG Bohai B.South NorthSouth
Instar I dry weight (µg)2.15 2.76 2.73 2.25 2.60 1.78 2.17
1.95 2.15 2.41 1.82 2.49 1.58 1.86Instar II dry weight (µg)
1.87 2.20 2.18 1.80 2.21 1.52 1.85Dry weight upon 24h incubation (µg)
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: nauplius biometrics
2000 2000 2000 1998 1999 1999 1999
GSL C-AsiaSiberia ChinaSiberia GSL GSLPavlodar B.Yarovoe KBG Bohai B.South NorthSouth
1.87 2.20 2.18 1.80 2.21 1.52 1.85Dry weight upon 24h incubation (µg)
272 235 225 285 242 265 292Number of cysts / gram (x1000)
509 517 491 513 535 403 540Nauplius biomass per kg of cysts (g dry weight)
Dry weight nauplius biomass = objective measure for cyst value
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: nauplius biometrics
2000 2000 2000 1998 1999 1999 1999
GSL C-AsiaSiberia ChinaSiberia GSL GSLPavlodar B.Yarovoe KBG Bohai B.South NorthSouth
441 505 508 450 525 461 452Lenght instar I (µm)
158 172 175 161 182 164 161Width Instar I (µm)
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: nutritional value
Hufa - levels
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0
Pav-2000
BY-2000
GSL-N-1999
GSL-S-1998
GSL-S-2000
Bohai-1999
KBG-1999
Strains
Sum
(n-3
)Huf
a (m
g/g
DW
)
24h EnrInstar I
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: nutritional value
Vitamin C - levels
0100200
300400500600
700800900
KBG-1999
BY-2000
Pav-2000
Bohai-1999
GSL-S-1998
GSL-S-2000
GSL-N-1999
Strains
Vita
min
C (m
g/g
DW
)
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: pigmentation
2000 2000 2000 2000 1998 1999 1999 1999
GSL C-AsiaSiberia ChinaSiberiaGSL GSL GSLPavlodar B.Yarovoe KBG Bohai B.South NorthSouthSouth
cyst color
nauplius color
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: separation
nauplii + umbrella
nauplii + umbrella + cystsX 100
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: separation
Separation
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
GSL-N-1999 Pav-2000 BY-2000 GSL-S-2000 Bohai-1999 KBG-1999 GSL-S-1998
% N
aupl
ii
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: decapsulation behaviourDecapsulation progress
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11'
time (minutes)
% d
ecap
sula
ted
cyst
s
KBG-1999
GSL-S-1998
BY-2000
Bohai-1999
GSL-S-2000
GSL-N-1999
Pav-2000
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
Variability of Artemia: decapsulation behaviour
Hatching (%)Strain Cysts Decap %GSL-N-1999 86.5 84.8 98Pav-2000 45.6 47.2 104BY-2000 41.2 39.3 95GSL-S-2000 87.9 85 97Bohai-1999 75.3 70.6 94KBG-1999 83.9 67.4 80GSL-S-1998 87.2 90.2 103
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
varying characteristics - a handicap or an opportunity for the optimal use of Artemia in fish and shellfish
larvicultureQuantitative food value: nauplius dry weightVaries according to strain & hatching rate
Qualitative food value:- Length / width: 525-441 / 182-158 µm- HUFA: low (< 3) – moderate (5-10) – high (> 15) mg/g DW- Vitamin C: 400 – 800 mg/g DW- Pigmentation: strain & season dependent
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
varying characteristics - a handicap or an opportunity for the optimal use of Artemia in fish and shellfish
larvicultureQuantitative food value
Qualitative food value
Operational value:- separation: very good – very bad- decapsulation time: depending on chorion thickness & impurities
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
varying characteristics - a handicap or an opportunity for the optimal use of Artemia in fish and shellfish
larvicultureQuantitative food value
Qualitative food value
Operational value
Diversified supply and the variety in quality enables aquaculturist to select the most appropriate Artemiastrain / batch for his/her specific application
larvi 2001 - Ghent University, Belgium - September 3-6, 2001
in cooperation with
The need for more diversity in Artemiacyst resources
varying characteristics - a handicap or an opportunity for the optimal use of Artemia in fish and shellfish
larviculture
Sincere thanks for the dedicated work to:
Galina TsjarevaKatia EgovaGeert Van de WieleChrist MahieuAnita De HaeseCedric Rouillon
Geert RombautWannes Van den BerghAnya BabayantsJaime CamposBob MackBrad Marden