The Water Cycle

The Water Cycle

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Marco Bruni, seecon international gmbh

The Water Cycle

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The Water Cycle

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Contents

1. Water – Essential for Life

2. The global Water Cycle

3. Freshwater Resources

4. Freshwater Distribution

5. Human Influence on the Water Cycle

6. Water Uses

7. Consequences of Water Use

8. Outlook

9. References

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The Water Cycle

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The blue Planet – How come we lack of sufficient Water Supply?

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1. Water – Essential for Life

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Source: http://omiusajpic.org/files/2011/05/2935018067_cec6254493.jpg [Accessed: 30.01.2012]

Source: http://true101story.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/eath-hands.jpg [Accessed: 30.01.2012]

The Water Cycle

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What is Water Used For?

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1. Water – Essential for Life

Agricultural

•Irrigation•Livestock farming

Industrial

•Production of goods and energy•Transportation of goods•Process water

Domestic•Drinking water•Food preparation•Sanitation•Personal hygiene•Cultural asset•Gardening, Car wash

EC

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YSTE M

HU

MA

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USE

Plants

AnimalsPhotosynthesis

SoilsAquatic Systems

The Water Cycle

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Think in Cycles rather than in linear Processes

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2. The Global Water Cycle

• The energy of the sun constantly transforms the water from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gaseous (vapour)

• Constant transformation puts the water into motion and hence activates the global water cycle

• Characteristics of the cycle: Permanent circulation Renewable resource

Source: OWENS (2006)

The Water Cycle

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The blue Planet?

• 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water. (PIDWIRNY 2006)

• 2.5% is freshwater whereas a fifth is easily accessible for human use. (INFORESOURCES

FOCUS 2006)

only 0.5% of global water resources are usable

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3. Freshwater Resources

Source: WBCSD (2009)

The Water Cycle

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Distribution of freshwater resources is characterized by•strong regional differences•annual and seasonal variation (WWAP 2003)

Water Scarcity Index

Disparities

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4. Freshwater Distribution

Source: REKACEWICZ (2009)

The Water Cycle

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We do influence the hydrological Cycle substantially

Main drivers for the increasing pressure on water resources:•Population growth•Increasing living standards•Urbanisation

Influences On the Water Cycle in Cities

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5. Human Influence on the Water Cycle

Source: AUCKLAND CITY COUNCIL (2010)

The Water Cycle

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Where the Water ends up being used

The consumption pattern of water use is influenced by:•Living standards•Climate conditions

Composition of water use in different countries

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6. Water Uses

Source: WBCSD (2009)

The Water Cycle

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Increasing Water Scarcity

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7. Consequences of Water Use

Drivers:•Population growth•Change in living standards•Uncontrolled pollution•Climate change

Growing

water scarcity in various regions of the

world

As of today, 1.2 billion of the world’s population are affected by water scarcity

(INFORESOURCES FOCUS 2006)

(WBCSD 2009)

The Water Cycle

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Integrated Thinking makes all the Difference

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8. Outlook

Water scarcity due to:

•Unsustainable use•Sectoral thinking•Mismanagement•Absence of water governance

Results in:•Water scarcity•Water related diseases•Food crisis•Degraded environments•Natural hazards

Particularly, poor people are most affected.

The Water Cycle

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Integrated Thinking makes all the Difference

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8. Outlook

Water scarcity due to:

•Unsustainable use•Sectoral thinking•Mismanagement•Absence of water governance

Results in:•Water scarcity•Water related diseases•Food crisis•Degraded environments•Natural hazards

Particularly, poor people are most affected.Need for an integrated, holistic approach.

Link sustainable water management to sanitation and to agriculture.

The Water Cycle

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Integrated, holistic Approach

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8. Outlook

Source: sswm.info

The Water Cycle

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AUCKLAND CITY COUNCIL (Editor) (2010): Stormwater. Auckland (New Zealand): Auckland City Council. URL [Accessed: 25.01.2012].

INFORESOURCES FOCUS (Editor) (2006): Water for Food – a Matter of Survival. Inforesources Focus. http://www.inforesources.ch/pdf/focus06_3_e.pdf [Accessed: 25.01.2012].

OWENS, M. (2006): The Global Water Cycle has Intensified. Reston: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). URL [Accessed: 25.01.2012].

PIDWIRNY, M. (2006): Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). Okanagan: University of British Columbia. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7h.html [Accessed: 25.01.2012].

REKACEWICZ, P. (2009): Water Scarcity Index. In: UNEP/GRID-Arendal Maps and Graphics Library. http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/water-scarcity-index [Accessed: 25.01.2012].

WBCSD (Editor) (2009): Facts and Trends. Water (Version 2). Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBDSC). http://www.wbcsd.org/home.aspx [Accessed: 25.01.2012].

WORLD WATER ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME WWAP (Editor) (2003): Water for people – water for life. Executive Summary of the United Nations World Water Development Report 1: Water for people – water for life. Paris and Oxford: UNESCO and Berghahn Books. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001295/129556e.pdf [Accessed: 25.01.2012].

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9. References

The Water Cycle 16

“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”

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