Toyota’s Safety InitiativesToyota’s Safety Initiatives

July 2011July 2011Toyota Motor CorporationToyota Motor Corporation

Toyota’s Safety Initiatives

Integrated Three Part Initiative Pursuit of “Real world safety”Integrated Three Part Initiative Pursuit of “Real world safety”

Approach Approach

Our ultimate goal: Zero traffic fatalities and injuriesOur ultimate goal: Zero traffic fatalities and injuries

GoalGoal

Integrated Safety Management ConceptIntegrated Safety Management Concept

Concept Concept

Safe and Responsible Ways of Moving PeopleSafe and Responsible Ways of Moving People

Integrated Three Part Initiative

Development of Safety Technologies１９７０～１９８９１９７０～１９８９ １９９０～１９９９１９９０～１９９９ ２０００～２０１０２０００～２０１０

◆ ABS(1971)

◆ ABS(1971)

◆TRC (1987)

◆TRC (1987)

◆VSC (1995) ◆VSC (1995) ◆VDIM (2005) ◆VDIM (2005)

◆PCS with pedestriadetection feature

(2006)

◆PCS with pedestriandetection feature

(2006) ◆ PCS

(millimeter-wave radartype) (2003)

◆ PCS (millimeter-wave radar

type) (2003) ◆ AHB (2009) ◆ AHB (2009)

◆ Discharged Head Lamp (1996)

◆ Discharged Head Lamp (1996)

◆Airbags (1989) ◆Airbags (1989)

◆High Strength CabinCompartment (1987)

◆High Strength CabinCompartment (1987)

◆GOA (1995) ◆GOA (1995)

◆Curtain shield air bags (1998) ◆Curtain shield air bags (1998)

◆Pedestrian Injury-ReducingBody (2001)

◆Pedestrian Injury-ReducingBody (2001)

Act

ive

Saf

ety

Act

ive

Saf

ety

Pas

sive

Saf

ety

Pas

sive

Saf

ety ◆Knee airbags (2002) ◆Knee airbags (2002)

Anti-Lock brake system

Traction Controlsystem

Ｖｉｅｃｌｅ StabilityControl

Pre-collision system

Vehicle Dynamic Integrated Management

Pursuit of Real-world Safety

Pursuit of Real-world Safety

Crash investigationand analysis

SimulationsVehicle development & testing

Higashi Fuji collision test facility

280m [820FT]190m [625FT]

Accident Recreation: Collision test facilityAccident Recreation: Collision test facility

Car to car collision testBarrier collision testRollover testComponent testConduct 1,600 Tests per Year

TOYOTA (3 Locations), TOYOTA Group

Accident Recreation: Driving SimulatorAccident Recreation: Driving Simulator

Research on Driver BehaviorResearch on Driver Behavior-Analysis of driving characteristics -Verification of the effectiveness

of safety equipment

Highly realistic simulation through the use of 360-degree high-definition computer graphicsHighly realistic simulation through the use of 360-degree high-definition computer graphics

The actions that could lead to accidents are repeatedly and realistically recreated under the same conditions.

World-leading range of movement World-leading range of movement

Accident Recreation: Driving SimulatorAccident Recreation: Driving Simulator

Operation of Pre-Collision System Results of Forecasts Made using a Driving Simulator

(30 male and female test subjects aged 20 to 60 years)(From Toyota’s ACAT Project)

Warning only+ Pre-collision Brake Assist+ Pre-collision Seatbelts

Deceleration

0

-10

-20

-30

（km/h）

Pedestrian

Possibility of

Collision Detected

High Collision Risk

Avoidance Impossible

Collision

A BC

Elapsed time

Warning

A Pre-collision Brake Assist on standby

B Pre-collision Brake Assist operated

C Pre-collision seat belt operated

Verifying the Effectiveness of Pre-Collision System (PCS)Verifying the Effectiveness of Pre-Collision System (PCS)

Accident Recreation: Examples of Driving Simulator UseAccident Recreation: Examples of Driving Simulator Use

Average speed

reduction:

21 km/h

THUMS* Understanding the Mechanisms of InjuriesTHUMS* Understanding the Mechanisms of Injuries*Total Human Model for Safety

Analyzing the Mechanisms of Internal Injuries During CollisionsAnalyzing the Mechanisms of Internal Injuries During CollisionsIn addition to bones and the brain, internal organs have been incorporated in detail in the model, making it possible to analyze internal injuries.

In addition to bones and the brain, internal organs have been incorporated in detail in the model, making it possible to analyze internal injuries.

Co-development with Toyota central R&D labs.THUMS Ver. 4 released in fall of 2010

Ventral CavityInternal Organs

＜Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents＞＜Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents＞

0

1,5301,530

259259 252252

513513643643

Rear-end collisionRight turn

Two-vehicle collision

Intersection accidents

Lane Departure

Lane Departure

PedestrianPedestrian

1,3611,361（Accidents）

1,6001,400

1,2001,000

800

600

400

200

Source: The National Police Agency’s 2010 Report on Fatal Traffic Accident Characteristics and Road Traffic Law Violations

Accident Analysis: Accidents in JapanAccident Analysis: Accidents in Japan

Accidents Involving Pedestrians and Lane Departure are Key IssuesAccidents Involving Pedestrians and Lane Departure are Key Issues

＜Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents＞＜Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents＞

0

1,5301,530

259259 252252

513513643643

Rear-end collisionRight turn

Two-vehicle collision

Intersection accidents

Lane Departure

Lane Departure

PedestrianPedestrian

1,3611,361（Accidents）

1,6001,400

1,2001,000

800

600

400

200

Source: The National Police Agency’s 2010 Report on Fatal Traffic Accident Characteristics and Road Traffic Law Violations

Accidents Involving SeniorsAccidents Involving Seniors

The number of traffic fatalities is declining, but the number of accidents involving seniors is flatThe number of traffic fatalities is declining, but the number of accidents involving seniors is flat

<Change in Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger (by age)><Change in Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger (by age)>

Changes in the num

ber of fatalitiesC

hanges in the number of fatalities

1.401.40

0.000.00

0.200.20

0.400.40

0.600.60

0.800.80

1.001.00

1.201.20

（Year）（Year）9898’’ 0101’’9999’’ 0202’’ 0303’’ 0505’’ 0707’’0606’’ 0808’’ 0909’’0404’’

24 years and younger24 years and younger

25 – 64 years old25 – 64 years old

65 years and older65 years and older

Day

Night 69%Night 69%

<Pedestrian fatalities><Pedestrian fatalities>

Characteristics of Accidents Involving PedestriansCharacteristics of Accidents Involving Pedestrians

<Direction of Crossing When Accidents Occur><Direction of Crossing When Accidents Occur>

DayDay NightNight

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

（％）（％）

Direction of pedestrian crossing when vehicle is driving straight

Direction of pedestrian crossing when vehicle is driving straight

Source: The 2009 Report on Fatal Traffic Accident Characteristics and Road Traffic Law Violations

Left to Right

Right to LeftRight to Left

When another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the lights automatically switch from high to low beamsWhen another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the lights automatically switch from high to low beams

Automatic High Beams Introduced in Products(Starting with the 2009 LS)

Automatic High Beams Introduced in Products(Starting with the 2009 LS)

Maintaining Visibility at Night

is Crucial

Pedestrian

Low Beam

Pedestrian

Pedestrian

Your vehicleYour vehicle

High beam

Oncoming vehicleOncoming vehicle

Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)When another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the light of the high beam is partially blocked out to help prevent dazzling the driver of the oncoming vehicle.

When another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the light of the high beam is partially blocked out to help prevent dazzling the driver of the oncoming vehicle.

Area where the high beam light is partially blocked out

Area where the high beam light is partially blocked out

Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)

Pedestrian Injury-Reducing Body (Evolving GOA)Pedestrian Injury-Reducing Body (Evolving GOA)

Impact-absorbing bumperImpact-absorbing bumper

Corrugated hood inner panelCorrugated hood inner panel

Use of crushable components around the cowl Use of crushable components around the cowl

Impact-absorbing fender bracketsImpact-absorbing fender brackets

Pop-up hood

Pedestrian collision detection sensor(Pressure chamber and pressure sensors）

Head im

pact (G)

Head im

pact (G)

Time

Time

When not activatedWhen activatedWhen not activatedWhen activated

Pop-up Hood (Evolving GOA)Pop-up Hood (Evolving GOA)

Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System （PCS）Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System （PCS）

Pre-Collision System

Pedestrian

Possibility of

Collision Detected

High Collision Risk

Avoidance Impossible

Collision

A BC

A

B

C

Pre-collision Brake Assist on standby

Pre-collision Brake Assist operated

Pre-collision seat belt operated

Elapsed time

Pre-collision Brake AssistPre-collision Brake

Stereo camera

Millimeter-wave radar

Warning

Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System （PCS）Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System （PCS）

Source： ITARDAInfoNo.82

Intersectionaccidents

14%

Rear-endcollisions

9%

Other18%

Breakdown ofFatal Accidents

to Drivers and Passengers

Structures30%

Structures30%

Head-on collisions29%

Head-on collisions29%

Approx.60%

<Breakdown of Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger><Breakdown of Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger>

Characteristics of Lane Departure AccidentsCharacteristics of Lane Departure Accidents

Collisions with structures and head-on collisions occur in 60% of accidents attributable to lane departure Collisions with structures and head-on collisions occur in 60% of accidents attributable to lane departure

Accident mode Collision with object (single vehicle)Collision with object (single vehicle) Head-on collisionsHead-on collisions

Guard rail Guard rail Utility pole Utility pole Roadside treeRoadside tree White line White line

Oncoming vehicleOncoming vehicleWhite line White line

Object to berecognized

Lane Departure

Response to Lane Departure AccidentsResponse to Lane Departure Accidents

1.Detect object to be recognized 1.Detect object to be recognized

2.Provide a warning and change the vehicle direction by automaticallysteering and applying the brakesto avoid the collision

2.Provide a warning and change the vehicle direction by automaticallysteering and applying the brakesto avoid the collision

Responses to Lane Departure AccidentsResponses to Lane Departure Accidents

Source: Results of the Survey of Senior Drivers by the Governor’s Associationfor Promoting Development of Senior Friendly Vehicles

It is hard to turn my back or neck when backing up,and it’s hard to see behind the car

It is hard to turn my back or neck when backing up,and it’s hard to see behind the car

It is hard to judge the car widthor the distance between cars

It is hard to judge the car widthor the distance between cars

It is hard to see or glaring at night, in the rain, at tunnel entrances, etc.It is hard to see or glaring at night, in the rain, at tunnel entrances, etc.

It is difficult to pull out from stores on to the roadIt is difficult to pull out from stores on to the road

I avoid making right turns when possible I avoid making right turns when possible

0 10080604020 (％)

10,856 responsesfrom

35 prefectures

10,856 responsesfrom

35 prefectures

- the proximity of moving objects- pedestrians in blind spots- the proximity of moving objects- pedestrians in blind spots

Response to Accidents Involving Senior DriversResponse to Accidents Involving Senior Drivers

Results of a Survey of Senior DriversResults of a Survey of Senior Drivers

Rearview Monitor and All-Direction Monitorthat provide a warning about:Rearview Monitor and All-Direction Monitorthat provide a warning about:

Beep

Response to Accidents Involving Senior DriversResponse to Accidents Involving Senior Drivers

Response to Acute Changes in the Driver’s Physical ConditionResponse to Acute Changes in the Driver’s Physical Condition

Electro-cardiac sensors

Predict the risk of a cardiovascular abnormality occurring

Predict the risk of a cardiovascular abnormality occurring

- Call an ambulance- Application to braking systems

Sudden change in

physical condition SuddenattackSuddenattackWarning signs

Detect Signsof Heart Failure

Integrated Safety

Management Concept

Active Safety

Passive Safety

Product Safety

Direction of Future Safety TechnologiesDirection of Future Safety Technologies

Automotive TechnologiesDesigned to

Achieve Zero Injuries and Fatalities

Driving information & support Accident warning & avoidance Damage mitigation Passenger protection RescueParking Active safety Pre-collision Passive safety Emergency

response

Back Guide Monitor

G-Book, G-LinkBlind Comer

Monitor

AFS

Lane Keeping Assist

Radar Cruise Control Distance warning

Lane Departure Warning

Night View

Network Linked Navigation system

Intelligent Parking Assist

VDIM Brake Assist

Rear-end Pre-collision System

Seatbelts, airbags

HELPNETVSCABS

Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative System

Frontal Pre-collisionSystem

with Pedestrian Detection

Integration of individual technologies and systems Collision

All stages of application of safety technologies

Coordination of Safety System

Integrated Safety Management ConceptIntegrated Safety Management Concept

GOA

Pedestrian Injury-Reducing Body

Product SafetyProduct Safety

Product Safety

Ensure safety and Peace of mind by reflecting benchmarking and customer information to development

Reliability:Reliability:

Design difficult tofail/ break

Design difficult tofail/ break

Peace-of Mind:

Peace-of Mind:

Design taking customer

psychology into account

Design taking customer

psychology into account

Design that does not cause safety issues

regardless of customerusage/ operation

Design that does not cause safety issues

regardless of customerusage/ operation

Safety:Safety:

Integrated Three Part Initiative

(2005～)

Traffic Safety Education Activities

For Traffic Environment

Use of ITS TechnologyVehicle-to-VehicleVehicle-to-Vehicle

Vehicle-to-RoadVehicle-to-Road

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