tx history ch 20.2
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 20: The Indian Wars
Section 2: War on the Plains
![Page 2: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Salt Creek Raid
•Problems remain after Treaty of Medicine Lodge
•Indians frustrated with reservation life
•Some Indians begin to attack Texas settlements
![Page 3: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Salt Creek Raid
• July 1870: U.S. troops defeated in battle after chasing Kiowa that attacked a stagecoach
• August 1870: Kiowa leader White Horse leads a series of attacks
• Legislature asks for help
![Page 4: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Salt Creek Raid
•1871: Gen. William T. Sherman sent to Texas
•Has doubts about Indian threat
General William T. Sherman
![Page 5: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Salt Creek Raid
• May 1871: Kiowa & Comanche under big Tree, Satank, & Satanta attack wagon train near Salt Creek
• 7 men killedBig Tree & Santanta
![Page 6: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Salt Creek Raid
•Salt Creek Raid—Kiowa and Comanche attack on a wagon train that caused a shift in military policy towards Indians
![Page 7: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Salt Creek Raid
• Sherman has Big Tree, Satank, & Satanta arrested
• Satank killed while trying to escape
• Big Tree & Satanta convicted or murder and sentenced to death
![Page 8: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Salt Creek Raid
•Gov. E.J. Davis changes sentence to life in prison
•Released from prison in 1873
Governor E.J. Davis
![Page 9: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
•The Salt Creek Raid convince the war department that Indians must be forced onto reservations.
![Page 10: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
• Ranald S. Mackenzie—U.S. colonel who became famous fighting American Indians on the frontier
Ranald S. Mackenzie
![Page 11: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
•Colonel Mackenzie’s campaign in Texas was meant to force all of the Indians onto reservations.
![Page 12: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
•Fall 1871: Mackenzie begins raids
•Led by Tonkawa Indian scouts
•Fought battle against Comanche at Blanco Canyon
![Page 13: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
•Quanah Parker—Comanche leader whose mother was a captured settler
Quanah Parker
![Page 14: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cynthia Parker
• Captured by Comanche in 1836
• Lived with Comanche
• 1860: captured by Texas Rangers
• Always wanted to return to Comanche
Cynthia Parker
![Page 15: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
•Mackenzie pursues Comanche into Panhandle
•Escape during snowstorm
•Spring 1872: Mackenzie renews attacks following Indian raids
![Page 16: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
• September 29, 1872: Mackenzie’s troops defeat a Comanche force near Pampa
• Killed Comanche, destroyed village, & took 120 women and children prisoner
• Parker led unsuccessful attack to free prisoners
![Page 17: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mackenzie’s Raids
• Mackenzie kept prisoners at Fort Concho to try & convince others to surrender
• Many Comanche abandoned life on plains & move to reservations
• Mackenzie goes to Mexican border to stop Kickapoo & Lipan Apache attacks
![Page 18: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Slaughter of the Buffalo
•Plains Indians depended on buffalo for generations
•Risks to survival of buffalo:
–Westward expansion of railroads
–Development of new tanning technology & a market for hides
![Page 19: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Slaughter of the Buffalo
•Risks to survival of buffalo:
–Buffalo guns
–Desire to force Plains Indians to live on reservations
![Page 20: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Slaughter of the Buffalo
•Buffalo guns allowed hunters to kill from a long distance away.
![Page 21: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Slaughter of the Buffalo
“Let them (hunters) kill, skin, & sell
until the buffaloes are exterminated. Then your prairies
can be covered with speckled
cattle.”
--General Philip Sheridan
General Philip Sheridan
![Page 22: TX History Ch 20.2](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102815/555be8e3d8b42a33078b5075/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Slaughter of the Buffalo
•Buffalo killed in order to force Indians to move.
•Growing market for buffalo hides nearly made them extinct.
•1872-1874: estimated 4.3 million buffalo killed