tx history-ch-7.3
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7: Conflicts of Empire
Section 3: Unrest and Revolution
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Bellwork
Why did Spain consider the
United States a threat?
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The Philip Nolan Expedition
• 1791: U.S. citizen Philip Nolan enters Texas as a mustang trader
• Enters Texas three times with permission
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The Philip Nolan Expedition
•Spanish officials hear rumors Nolan is an American spy
•1800: Enters Texas without permission
•Spanish soldiers will attempt to arrest him
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The Philip Nolan Expedition
•Nolan resists and is killed
•Most of his men are captured or imprisoned
•Elis P. Bean—only one of Nolan’s men to return to the U.S. alive
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The Philip Nolan Expedition
• Filibusters—military adventurers
• Most wanted to free Texas or all of Mexico from Spain, others looking for quick wealth
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
• September 16, 1810: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest in Dolores, Mexico rang a church bell and called for an end to Spanish rule Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
•Father Hidalgo helped start the Mexican revolution with his Grito de Delores
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
•Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla led an army of more than 50,000 against Spanish rule
Statue of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
• 1811: Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is captured and executed
Mexican stamp commemorating the 250th
anniversary of Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla’s birth
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
• José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara decides to attack Texas after the death of Father Hidalgo
• Hoped to use Texas as a base to fight for Mexican independence
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
• With secret support from the U.S., Gutiérrez went to Louisiana to raise a private army
• Introduced to Augustus William Magee, a U.S. Army officer—raised any army of 130 volunteers—called themselves the Republican Army of the North
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
•Augustus William Magee—leader of the Republican Army of the North
•With the secret support of the U.S., the Republican Army of the North invaded Mexico in August 1812
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
• Takes control of Nacogdoches and gains more volunteers
• Mid-September: army captures the Presidio at La Bahía
• 800 Spanish soldiers will lay siege to the fort
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The Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition
• Siege—military blockade of a city or fort
• Spanish army fails to take control of fort
• March 1813: attacks and defeats a Spanish force of 1200
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The Green Flag Over Texas
• April 6, 1813: José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara declares Texas independence from Spain
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The Green Flag Over Texas
•The first Texas revolution failed in part because sharp disagreements among volunteers weakened the Republican Army
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The Green Flag Over Texas
•Brutal execution of several Spanish soldiers will cause several soldiers to leave
•Differences between Gutiérrez and volunteers over Texas’ fate leading to his removal
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The Green Flag Over Texas
•April 1813: The Rebellion is crushed by Spanish General Joaquín de Arredondo
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Pirates and Rebels on the Coast
•Henry Perry—filibuster who moved into Texas in 1815 and set up a base on Galveston Island
•June 1817: Killed when attempting to take La Bahía
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Pirates and Rebels on the Coast
Jean Lafitte—French pirate, based in Galveston, who had fought for the U.S. in the War
of 1812
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The Long Expeditions
• Dr. James Long:
– U.S. citizen from Mississippi
– Angry about the Adams-Onís treaty—believed that Texas should be independent or a part of the United States
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The Long Expeditions
–First invasion: unsuccessful
–Second invasion: killed
•Jane Long—wife, returned to United States after death of husband