TYPES OF MECHANICAL SPORTS INJURIES AND DEFINITIONS

SKIN INJURIES

•Blisters- separation of skin from friction, temperature, chemical, radiation•Abrasion-shallow scrape of the skin•Incision-Skin has been sharply cut•Laceration-Skin has been torn•Avulsion-skin is torn away completely•Puncture-penetration by a sharp object•Contusion-skin is compressed, breaking blood vessels under the skin. (bruise)

MUSCLE INJURIES•Contusions- deep bruise of the muscle involving bleeding in the tissue.•Strain- stretch, tear or rip of muscle tissue. ( There are Three grades of strains)•Tendon Injuries- tear, strain or rupture of the tendon that connects the muscle to a bone•Spasms-involuntary contraction of muscle…. (almost like a twitch)•Over-exertional injuries which cause muscle soreness, stiffness or cramps..•Fasciitis- injuries to the connective tissue that hold all tissue together in bundles.

JOINT INJURIES•Sprains---- joint is stretched beyond its normal range of movement.•Dislocation- sprain severe enough to tear the ligaments that hold the joint stabilized.•Bursitis- chronic inflammation of a joint capsule•Arthritis-chronic pain in the joint due to cartilage damage•Cartilage damage- wear and tear or injury to the cartilage that cushions and protects the ends of bones at a joint

BONE INJURIES Fractures and Types….. Simple Transverse- Compound- Depressed- Compression/Comminuted- Greenstick- Longitudinal- Oblique- Spiral- Stress- Epiphyseal-

BLOOD , PATHOGENS AND CONCERNS FOR COACHES AND ATHLETES

Functions of Blood 1. transport oxygen to cells from lungs 2. carry carbon dioxide from cells to lungs 3. maintain fluid balance of cells 4. carry hormones 5. fight infection 6. carry nutrients to cells from digestive

organs 7. carry waste from cells to kidneys

BLOOD , PATHOGENS AND CONCERNS FOR COACHES AND ATHLETES

Blood Components 1. Plasma- the liquid part of the blood that

carries nutrients, waste hormones and antibodies.

2. Erythrocytes- (Red Blood Cells) carries oxygen

3. Leukocytes- (White Blood Cells) fight infection

4. Thrombocytes- (Platelets) help in clotting blood

BLOOD , PATHOGENS AND CONCERNS FOR COACHES AND ATHLETES

Blood Diseases---there are numerous Blood Bor diseases that are carried in the blood and can be transferred from one person to another

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-

Hepatitis B and C-

NON COMMUNICABLE BLOOD DISORDERS Anemia- inability of the blood to carry

oxygen….typical of women and people who have iron deficiencies.

Hemophilia- inability of the blood to clot if there is an injury.

Leukemia- excessive numbers of White Blood Cells that attack normal tissues and other blood cells.

Septis – bacteria blood infection……

BLOOD , PATHOGENS AND CONCERNS FOR COACHES AND ATHLETES

Protecting coaches and players 1. Athletes that are bleeding should

immediately be treated to stop the flow of blood. In severe cases, direct pressure should be applied to the wound with bandage

2. Blood soaked uniforms should be removed from play or practice.

3. Care should be used to not expose players or coaches to blood that might carry diseases. (use gloves and /or masks for protection)

PULMONARY/RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Role of the respiratory system 1. provide oxygen to the body 2. remove carbon dioxide from the

body

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Inhaling- the diaphragm pulls

downward to create a vacuum in the chest cavity and air rushes into the pair of Lungs.

Exhaling- The diaphragm pushed upward to create pressure. The rib muscles also press inwards to create pressure.

Pulmonary Blood vessels supply blood to the lungs to pick up and drop off gases.

RESPIRATORY DISEASES Asthma- constriction of the muscles in the

bronchioles restricts air supply. Can be triggered by pollution, exercise, or other factors. Athletes with asthma need to have inhalers available for attacks.

Acute Bronchitis – rapid inflammation of bronchial tubes making it difficult to breathe.

Pneumonia- Fluid accumulation in one or both lungs. Deflated lung- can occur then there is a puncture of

a lung or if an impact forces all the air out of the lungs.