unit operations and flowcharting

8/13/2019 Unit Operations and flowcharting

1/16

UNIT OPERATIONS

andFLOWCHARTING

Every chemical proce i a collec!ion o" #ni!

in!erconnec!ed $y !ream%

The "ive mo! common #ni! opera!ion are&

' reac!or ' hea! e(chan)er ' p#mp ' mi(er and

' epara!or

Reac!or are ##ally !he *ey #ni! "ollo+ed $y

epara!or%

E(ample o" epara!or incl#de&

' dryer ' "il!er ' a$or$er ' ador$er ' cen!ri"#)e


2/16

,loc* Flo+ -ia)ram

Prod#ce ome prod#c! $y reac!in) A and ,

A . , / Prod#c! . C 0$y1prod#c!2

Feed prepara!ion

,y1prod#c! C and #nreac!ed A and ,

Recycle A and ,


3/16

The Generic ,loc* Flo+ Proce -ia)ram

Generic ,loc* Flo+ -ia)ram ha i( $aic area3 each

$loc* may con!ain everal #ni! opera!ion

4%Reactor Feed Preparation

Reac!or "eed !ream are ad5#!ed !o re6#ired

concen!ra!ion3 !empera!#re3 pre#re3 e!c%7%Reactor

Chemical reac!ion !a*e place in !hi $loc*8 !ream

!ha! leave !hi $loc* con!ain prod#c!3 $yprod#c!3 and

#n#ed reac!an!

9% Separator Feed Preparation

Tempera!#re and pre#re o" reac!or o#!p#! !ream

are ad5#!ed !o allo+ e""ec!ive epara!ion

:% Separator


4/16

Separa!ion o" prod#c!3 $yprod#c!3 +a!e !ream3

and #n#ed "eed ma!erial $y phyical procee #ch

a di!illa!ion3 a$orp!ion3 e(!rac!ion

;%RecycleRe!#rn #nreac!ed "eed chemical !o !he reac!or8 !hi

$loc* normally con!ain only p#mp or compreor

and


5/16

Tol#ene and hydro)en are conver!ed in a reac!or !o

prod#ce $en>ene and me!hane% The reac!ion doe no!

)o !o comple!ion3 and e(ce !ol#ene i re6#ired% The

noncondena$le )ae are epara!ed and dichar)ed%The $en>ene prod#c! and !he #nreac!ed !ol#ene are

!hen epara!ed $y di!illa!ion% The !ol#ene i !hen

recycled $ac* !o !he reac!or and !he $en>ene removed

in !he prod#c! !ream%

Chemical En)ineerin) E6#ipmen!


6/16

H#midi"ier

Ued !o increae !he rela!ive h#midi!y o" air 0i%e% !o add

moi!#re !o !he air2

Ued in paper and lea!her

ind#!rie !o preven!

prod#c! "rom $ecomin)

$ri!!le and dry

Li6#id ,

Ga A

Ga A and ,

H#midi"ier


7/16

H#midi"ier

H#midi"ier


8/16

Evapora!or

Ued !o epara!e ma!erial $aed on di""erence in

$oilin) !empera!#re

Ued in ind#!ry !oconcen!ra!e "r#i! 5#ice0remove e(ce +a!er2

Li6#id A . ,

Li6#id A . ,

0concen!ra!ion o"

, i hi)her in

o#!le! !han inle!2

?apo#r A

-eh#midi"ier

' Ued !o remove one componen! "rom a )a !ream

, i a condena$le )a

e%)% Removin) +a!er "rom

air 0i%e% crea!in) a drier air2Li6#id ,

Ga A 0may !ill

$e ome ,2

Ga A and ,


9/16

-i!illa!ion Col#mn

Ued primarily "or li6#id1li6#id epara!ion

Can have !ray or pac*ed

col#mn

e%)% Solven! recovery

A . ,

Ga

A 0ome ,2

Li6#id

, 0ome A2

Condener

Re$oiler

Pac*ed

,ed

Tray

Col#mn

-i!illa!ion Col#mn


10/16

S!ripper

,rin) )a and li6#id in con!ac! o !ha! vola!ile

con!aminan! in !he li6#id +ill $e !ripped in!o !he

)a 0i%e% li6#id p#ri"ica!ion2

e%)% Removal o" $en>ene

"rom )ro#nd+a!er

-ir!y )a

Clean )a

-ir!y Li6#id

Clean Li6#id
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crude_Oil_Distillation.png


11/16

Air S!rippin) Col#mn

A$or$er

,rin) a )a and li6#id in con!ac! o !ha! con!aminan! in!he )a +ill a$or$ in!o !he li6#id 0#ed !o p#ri"y

)a !ream2

e%)% Removal o" d#! and

moi!#re "rom )a in cheee

and cereal prod#c!ion plan!

Clean )a

-ir!y )a

Clean Li6#id

-ir!y Li6#id


12/16

A$or$er

Cry!alli>erUed in li6#id1olid epara!ion !o prod#ce al! and

chemical in ind#!ry

e%)% Cry!alli>er crea!e a

#per1a!#ra!ed ol#!ion $y

evapora!in) !he olven! o" a

a!#ra!ed ol#!ion% Theol#!e cool3 "ormin)

cry!al%

, in li6#id A

concen!ra!ed

ol#!ion o" ,

in A

A


13/16

Ador$erSepara!ion o" a #$!ance "rom one phae3 +i!h i!

acc#m#la!ion a! !he #r"ace o" ano!her phae

0ma!erial "rom !he li6#id i concen!ra!ed on !he

#r"ace o" !he olid2

e%)% Car$on car!rid)e in )a

ma* remove harm"#l )aeE)% Silica )el i #ed a adryin) a)en!

Li6#id A . ,

Solid C

Li6#id A

0U#ally C i !a!ionary2

Solid C +i!h ,

-ryer@oi!#re i removed !hermally "rom a li6#id1olid

mi(!#re

e%)% Conveyor dryer #ed

in "ood applica!ion 0dryin)

chip or pa!a2

A 0li62

, 0olid2

, 0olid23

ome A

C . A

C 0)a2


14/16

Ro!ary -ryer

Tray -ryer


15/16

Li6#id1li6#id E(!rac!ionLiquid-liquid extraction3alo *no+n a solvent extractionand partitioning3 i a me!hod !o epara!e

compo#nd $aed on !heir ol#!ionpre"erence "or !+o di""eren!immici$leli6#id3 ##ally +a!erand an

or)anic olven!%I! i an e(!rac!iono" a #$!ance "rom one li6#idphaein!o ano!her li6#id phae% Li6#id1li6#id e(!rac!ion i a $aic !echni6#e inchemicalla$ora!orie3 +here i! i done in epara!in) "#nnel3 a +ell

a a common proce in chemical ind#!ryand oreprocein)%

Mixer Settlersare a cla o" mineral proce e6#ipmen! #ed in !he olven! e(!rac!ionproce% A mixersettlerconi! o" a "ir! !a)e !ha! mixes!he phae !o)e!her "ollo+ed $y a 6#ieen!settling!a)e !ha!allo+ !he phae !o epara!e $y )ravi!y%

Solid1li6#id E(!rac!ion

Leachingi !he proce o" e(!rac!in) a #$!ance "rom a olid$y diolvin) i! in a li6#id%In !he chemicalprocein)ind#!ry3 leachin) i *no+n ae(!rac!ion% Leachin) ha a varie!y o" commercial applica!ion3

incl#din) epara!ion o" me!al"rom ore#in)acid3 and #)ar"rom$ee!#in) ho! +a!er% Chloridecan alo $e

leached "rom "ood

mixing

Conveyor -ryer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misciblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misciblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_(molecule)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solventhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solventhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separating_funnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_extractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_processing&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_processing&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misciblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_(molecule)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solventhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separating_funnelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_extractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_processing&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_processing&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride


16/16

In ind#!rialproce en)ineerin)3 mixingi a #ni! opera!ion!ha! involve manip#la!in) ahe!ero)eneo#phyical y!em3 +i!h !he in!en! !o ma*e i! more homo)eneo#%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous

unit operations and flowcharting

Documents