volume 22, no. 3 july - september, 2011 -...

CONTENTS

VOLUME 22, No. 3 JULY - SEPTEMBER, 2011

News 2-3Annual Group Meet of AICRP onChickpea and Rabi MULLaRPCrops

Research Highlights 3-5Monitoring of Drought Stress inPigeonpeaInduction of Dwarfism inPigeonpeaCritical Level of Zinc in Chickpeaand LentilVariations in Chickpea WiltPathogen Foc isolates from U.P.ET and EIL of Podfly M. obtusaFlower Thrips Menace inMungbean and UrdbeanInhibitory Effect of Herbicides onC. canescensInfestation of Spotted Pod Borer inCowpeaCytohistological Study of In-vitroShoot Organogenesis in ChickpeaNew Varieties Identified

Transfer of Technology 6-7Summer School on RCTShort Course in BiotechnologyTraining on NSKE for Pod BorerManagement[kjhQ nygu ds fy, mUur mRiknurduhd ij izf'k{k.k vk;ksftrfgUnh fnol dk vk;kstujkT;&Lrjh; izf'k{k.k vk;ksftrDirector’s Desk 8

IIPR Celebrated its Foundation DayThe 19th Foundation Day of Indian

Institute of Pulses Research wascelebrated on September 5, 2011 withgreat fervour and gaiety. Dr. B.B. Singh,Assistant Director General (O&P)was the Chief Guest andDr. Masood Ali , formerDirector of IIPR wasGuest of Honour onthe occasion. Whileappreciating the Institute'sachievements, Dr. B.B.Singh in his addresscongratulated the scientistsfor the record and all timehighest pulses production inthe country. Dr. Singhstressed on developingvarieties capable to give highyield in extreme high and lowtemperature. He called for harnessingthe rich biodiversity with moderntools of biotechnology for gene transferand genetic improvement. Dr. MasoodAli highlighted that the agriculturescience has to face new challenges

due to rapid weather changes andhence, the scientists need to put theirefforts to combat the vagaries ofchanging seasons, environment andecology.

Dr. N. Nadarajan, Director of theInstitute presented a detailed resumeof research programmes, activities andachievements made during 2010-11.He informed that during the year theInstitute developed four new varietiesof kabuli chickpea, mungbean,urdbean and fieldpea which have been

released for cultivation indifferent parts of thecountry. He commendedthe progress made indeveloping varietieswith multiple diseaseresistance and said thatefforts are going on todevelop pod borerresistant varieties ofchickpea and pigeonpea.IIPR is collaborating with

EDITORIAL COMMITTEEDr. N. Nadarajan ChairmanDr. C. Chattopadhyay MemberDr. P.S. Basu MemberDr. M.S. Venkatesh MemberDr. Jitendra Kumar MemberMr. D. Upadhyaya Member

Secretary

2 Indian Institute of Pulses Research

several international institutes andsuccessfully pursuing various researchprogrammes.

On this occasion, Dr. SubhojitDatta was given the 'Best ScientistAward 2011'. Mr. D.N. Awasthi, Mr.G.C. Sharma and Mrs. Vimla Devi wereconferred with the 'Best Worker Award'in technical, administrative andsupporing staff category, respectively.New Insti tute publications viz.,Molecular Markers in CropImprovement, Breeding ImprovedCultivars of Pigeonpea in India, and fourfarmers' friendly folders on gram podborer were also released on theoccasion. In the evening, a culturalprogramme was organized, whereinsinging and dancing performanceswere held by the children of staffmembers.

Group Meet on Rabi MULLaRP Cropssignificant findings of the project andassured the house for making untiring

efforts for developing varieties andtechnologies in view of challengesfaced by these group of crops. Dr. B.B.Singh, Assistant Director General(O&P) and Co-Chairman of the PlenarySession emphasized on timelymanagement of biotic stresses forimproving pulse production in thecountry.

In different sessions, researchaccomplished during rabi 2010-11 wasreviewed and the technical programmefor rabi 2011-12 was formulated. Onevariety of lentil IPL 316 was identified.

Annual Group Meet of AICRP on Chickpea

Group Meet of AICRP on rabiMULLaRP crops was jointly organizedby IIPR, Kanpur and SwamiKeshwanand RajasthanAgricultural University, Bikanerat Agricultural ResearchStation, Durgapura, Jaipur on17-18 September, 2011. Total93 scientists from all parts ofIndia and abroad participated inthe Group Meet. Dr. A.K.Dahama, Vice-Chancellor, SKRajasthan AgriculturalUniversity was the chief guestof the inaugural function. Whileinaugurating the Group Meet, Dr.Dahama emphasized on thedevelopment of technologies with theuse of low cost inputs and maintenanceof soil health. Dr. N. Nadarajan,Director, IIPR, in his opening remarkscongratulated pulse workers for theirconsistent efforts which led to achievethe record production of pulses to thetune of 18.09 million tonnes this year.He urged them to continue with thesimilar efforts to sustain this record levelof production in view of emergingchallenges. Dr. Sanjeev Gupta, ProjectCoordinator (MULLaRP), presented the

Annual Group Meet of All IndiaCoordinated Research Project onChickpea was held on 20-22 August,2011 at UAS, Bangalore. About 150delegates from cooperating centres ofSAUs, ICAR Institutes andState Department ofAgriculture attended theGroup Meet. Dr. SwapanK. Datta, Dy. DirectorGeneral (Crop Science),ICAR was chief guest ofinaugural session. Thefunction was presided overby Dr. K. NarayanaGowda, Vice-Chancellorof UAS, Bangalore. Dr. Gowda in hispresidential address stressed upon valueaddition and processing of different

pulses. He also urged scientists toconstruct the road map to developfarmers' friendly technologies for gettinghigher productivity and maximize post-harvest use of chickpea.

Dr. Sanjeev GuptaJoined as Project

Coordinator(MULLaRP)

Dr. Sanjeev Gupta, a well knownpulse breeder has joined as ProjectCoordinator (MULLaRP) on July 4,2011. He has been involved in

development of sevenvarieties of pulses andtwo varieties ofapomictic grasses.Dr. Gupta hasreceived a number ofacademic distinctionsand awards l ikeDr. Rajendra Prasad

Award 2003-04 and NetherlandsFellowship by Royal Government ofNetherlands in 2002. He has beenGeneral Secretary of Indian Society ofPulses Research and Development(ISPRD) during 2006-09 andsuccessful ly organized theInternational Conference on GrainLegumes in 2009. He has more than130 publications to his credit. Dr. Guptahas visited four countries viz., Syria,Turkey, Netherlands and Nepal.

Dr. Datta, in his remarksadvocated the exploitation of hybrid

Pulses Newsletter : July - September, 2011 3

It is difficult to assess themagnitude of adverse effectsof drought and waterrequirement of pigeonpea cropduring its different growthstages. The chlorophyllf luorescence emissionspectra keeps on changingalong with increasing the levelof water stress. Based on this principle,the fluorescence images were taken atlow leaf water potential ( -1.2 MPa) andsevere stress (-2.4 MPa) level. Thef luorescence images changedprogressively with increasing drought

and hence the technique proved to bepotential phenotyping tool for drought.

Ritu Chandra, Navita Rai andP.S. Basu

Monitoring of Drought Stress in Pigeonpea

Control

Induction of Dwarfismin Pigeonpea

High vegetative biomass andflower shedding often creates source-sink imbalance leading to poor yield inpigeonpea. The application of growthregulator, paclobutrazol with high

dilution successfully demonstrated asignificant reduction in vegetativegrowth, prevention of excessivebranching, enhanced flower retentionand induced dwarfism. Its use alsoincreased (almost two-fold) the leafchlorophyll content and tolerance todrought.

P.S. Basu, J. Singh andAlagupalamuthir solai

vigour and changing the architecture ofplant to maximize productivity. He alsoemphasized to work on insect pestcontrol, nitrogen fixation efficiency,disease resistance and genetic make-up of pulse crops. Dr. N. Nadarajan,Director, IIPR made mention of highestproduction of pulses, especial lychickpea during 2010-11. Dr. N.P.Singh, Project Coordinator(Chickpea) presented chickpeascenario in the country and presentedhighlights of research work carried outduring 2010-11.

In different sessions, programmeand achievements under the projectwere rev iewed and technicalprogramme for 2011-12 was finalized.In a special session, Plant Breeding -Biotechnology interface meeting wasorganized. In this session, lectures onmolecular breeding, GM crops weredelivered and guidelines for field testingof GM and MAS derived products werediscussed by eminent scientists. Insession 'Inter-project l inkages',eminent scientists from ICARDA,ICRISAT, NBPGR, CRIDA, NCIPMpresented the work done undercollaborative projects and felt the needof further strengthening of collaborativeprojects. Three new varieties viz., HK05-169, JSC 55 and JSC 56 wereidentified for release and notification.

Research Highlights

Sequence-related AmplifiedPolymorphism MarkerSystem in PigeonpeaSequence-related amplif ied

polymorphism ( SRAP) markers wereused to study thegenetic diversityamong 30 pigeonpeag e n o t y p e srepresenting wild andcultivated species.Four SRAP primercombinations (EM5/ME2, EM7/ME2,EM4/ME2 and EM6/ME3) were screened,which produced total126 fragments, out ofwhich 114 werepolymorphic. Thenumber of fragmentsproduced by fourprimer combinationsranged from 16 (EM7/ME2) to 47 (EM6/ME3), with anaverage of 31.5 fragments per primercombination. The polymorphismdetection efficiency ranged from 75%(EM7/ME2) to 97% (EM4/ME2), withan average of 87.75% per primercombination.

I.O. Agbagwa, P.G. Patil, S. Datta, A. Pathak,D. Datta, I.P. Singh K. R. Soren, A. Das, S.K.

Chaturvedi and N. Nadarajan

SRAP banding profile of30 pigeonpea genotypeson 6% PAGE (LaneM= 100bp DNA ladder,Lane 1-30= pigeonpeagenotypes)

PersonnelOur new colleagues

Sh. Abhishek Bohra hasjoined as Scientist (PlantBreeding) on 05.09.2011.

Sh. Deepak Singh,Scientist (Agril. Statistics)has joined on05.09.2011.

Sh. Hasmat Ali, T-3 hasjoined on 27.07.2011.

PromotionSmt. Meenakshi Varshney was

promoted to Sr. Clerk w.e.f. 26.7.2011.

Paclobutrazol

Low water stress High water stress


Variations in ChickpeaWilt Pathogen

F. oxysporum f.sp. ciceriIsolates from U.P.

Wilt caused by Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) is a majordisease of chickpea. To study thepathogenic variations present in F.oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, 60 isolates ofFoc were isolated from wilted chickpeaplants collected from 24 districts ofU.P. Based on pathogenicity tests,three isolates were found as weaklypathogenic causing <30.0% seedlingmortality, while 17 isolates weremoderately pathogenic causing 30.1-50.0% wilting. Remaining 40 isolateswere categorized as highly pathogenicwith >50% wilt incidence. The resultsdemonstrated prevalence of highly(66.6%) and moderately (28.3%)pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporumf.sp. ciceri in Uttar Pradesh.

Shubha Trivedi and R.G. Chaudhary

Inhibitory Effect of Herbicides on C. canescensCausing CLS in Mungbean and Urdbean

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS)caused by Cercospora canescens isan important disease of mungbean,urdbean, and cowpea in northern India.Disease appears on fol iage inSeptember and ismanaged by thesprays of fungicidecarbendazim. Pre-e m e r g e n c eapplication ofpendimethalin isroutine in use, whilesome other post-emergence herbicidesare also under evaluation for weedmanagement in pulse crops. Sevenherbicides, each at 500 ppmconcentration were evaluated in vitroagainst C. canescens using poisonedfood technique on potato dextrose agar

Critical Level of Zinc inChickpea and Lentil

Zinc is an essential micronutrientfor plants and is believed to promoteRNA synthesis, which in turn is neededfor protein production. Crit icalconcentration refers to a level ofparticular nutrient in soil/plant belowwhich soil/plant is considered to bedeficient and a significant response toits application can be expected.Determination of critical nutrientconcentration (CNC) helps to predictthe yield potential and adequacy ofnutrient supply. Pot culture studieswere conducted for establishing criticallevel of nutrients in chickpea and lentil.Results revealed that cri t icalconcentration of zinc in chickpea (DCP

in lentil (DPL 62), it was 26, 30 and 26

respectively.

M.S. Venkatesh, P.K. Ghosh,P.S. Basu and Vedram

medium by using Kanpur isolate (IIPRmain farm) as the test pathogen.Observations on colony growth wererecorded after 7 days of incubation at24.5+1oC in BOD incubator.

Highest inhibition of the pathogenwas 81.9% in the imazethapyr andquizalofop ethyl, fol lowed bygramexone, metribuzin andpendimethalin (61.6-65.2%). Theseresults showed that use ofimazethapyr and quizalofop ethyl,which are found quite effective as post-emergence herbicides in pulse eco-system, may serve dual purpose ofweed and disease management.

R.G.Chaudhary, Neetu Trivedi,V.D. Singh and Narendra Kumar

The thrips species,Megalurothrips usitatus is one of themajor pests in mungbean and urdbean.During vegetative stage, the thripsinfest leaves and during reproductivestage when plants start bearing flowers,more thrips are found in flowers. Thenymphs and adults (dark brown thripsmeasure 1 mm in size) infest theflowers and feed inside the stigma ofthe flower. In case of severe incidence,the plants attain a bushy growth andthe crop looks dark-green in colour,there may be only few pods that toohaving shriveled grains. Both preventiveand curative insecticide applications

have potential in giving adequatemanagement of thrips. Foliar spray ofany one of the insecticides likeDimethoate 30EC @ 1.7 ml/l of water,Triazophos 40EC@ 1.5 ml/l of water,Thiomethoxam 25WG @ 0.8 ml/l ofwater or Imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 0.4 ml/l of water at bud initiation stage can beused for the management of thrips. Itis advised that farmers should observethe infestation of thrips after 30-35 daysof sowing regularly and take necessaryspray as suggested.

P. Duraimurugan, Mohd. Akram,Naimuddin and Sanjeev Gupta

Flower Thrips Menace in Mungbean and Urdbean

Economic Threshold and Economic Injury Levelof Podfly M. obtusa

The economic threshold level(ETL) and economic injury level (EIL)of podfly Melanagromyza obtusaMalloch in late maturing pigeonpeavariety (NDA 1) was studied usingregression equation [Ye = y + byx (x)]that resulted as 5.99+ (-0.31) (x). Thegrain threshold (GT), consideringmanagement cost (Rs/ha) divided bymarket value of pigeonpea revealed as0.502. The EIL, based on GT dividedby regression coefficient was computedas 1.62 maggots/100 pods.

Consequently, ETL based on the dailyreproduction rate (DRR) of podfly wasinferred, which varied from 0.39maggot/100 pods to 1.49 maggots /100pods during 7th to 9th standard weeks(SW). The avoidable loss due to podflywas 67.2%, which can be saved byspray of indoxacarb @ 60 g a.i/ha inpigeonpea at reproductive stage of thecrop as protection measure.

S.K.Singh and I.P.Singh


Cytohistological Study of In-vitro ShootOrganogenesis in Chickpea

Infestation of Spotted Pod Borer in CowpeaHeavy infestation of spotted pod

borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) wasrecorded in cowpea, Vigna unguiculataat ICAR Research Complex for EasternRegion, Regional Centre, Ranchiresearch farm during July-August 2011.Infestation started from early floweringstage and went up to 80%during pod stage. Thedamage symptoms in earlystage were recognised bya black dot on the flowersand green pods, while inlater stage excreta foundnear the bore hole. Adultspotted pod borer laideggs singly near the flower buds andfeed on the flowers on hatching. Afterfeeding the caterpillars move out toanother flower making an exit hole,later they web the inflorescences withthe adjacent leaves and developingpods and feed within by boring into theflowers and pods. The infested flowersdo not develop into pods, while theaffected pods become malformed asthese are not able to grow normally dueto webbing and feeding. Full grown

caterpillars are on an average 20 mmlong, light brown in colour with irregularbrownish-black dorsal, lateral andventral spots. Adults are medium sizemoth with head, thorax and abdomenfuscous brown. Forewings are fuscous-brown with a lunate white spot at the

end of and a maculate semi-hyalinespot beyond the cell. Hind wings aresemi-hyaline white with a fulvous-browndistal patch. Wing spread is 20-30 mm.Incubation period is 2-3 days. Larvalstage lasts for 8-14 days, pre-pupal 2days and pupal 6-9 days.

J. S. Choudhary, Moanaro and R. S.Pan, ICAR Research Complex for

Eastern Region, Regional Centre,Ranchi

Larva of Maruca feedingon cowpea pod

Infested cowpeaflower

Regeneration of multiple shoots from axillary meristem explants and ontogeny of the shootdevelopment: (a) Induction of multiple shoots (b) Multiple shoots produced after four weeks (c)Elongation of multiple shoots (d) Cross-section of explants with initiation of multiple shoots and(e) Differentiated shoots

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

The histology and ontogeny ofadventit ious shoot formation inchickpea was studied using axillary

meristem explants. Serial longitudinalsections of the explants with 12.0 mthickness were cut using a rotatorymicrotome. These sections were fixedon glass slides examined under a lightmicroscope after staining with safraninand fast green. Explants sectioned atperiodic intervals revealed directadventitious origin of shoots from the

explant. Longitudinal sections showedthat epidermal and sub-epidermal cellsproliferate to form multiple adventitious

shoot primordia, supporting the factthat shoots were formed viaorganogenesis. Some of theseprimordia developed and transformedinto the shoots.

Jaya Srivastava, Alok Das andSubhojit Datta

New Varieties IdentifiedIPL 316: Thelarge seededlenti l varietydeveloped fromthe cross Sehore74-3 x DPL 58has been identif ied for MadhyaPradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtraand parts of the Rajasthan. It has yieldpotential of 1324 kg/ha with yieldsuperiority of 30.7% over the checkDPL 62.

HK 05-169 : The chickpea varietydeveloped from cross HK 92-94 xHK 1 has been identified for easternU.P., Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengaland Assam. It is broad leaved genotypewith profuse branching and light greenfoliage colour. The seed size is large(28.4 g/100 seeds) and of white colour.It matures in 125 days and its yieldpotential is 16.0 q/ha. It showedresistant to moderately resistantreaction against wilt.

JSC 55 :The chickpea variety developedfrom three-way cross (JAKI 9226 x DCP20) x JG 412 has been identified forMadhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat,Bundelkhand region of U.P. and SouthernRajasthan. It has semi spreading plantwith medium height. Seeds are ofangular shape with smooth surface. It issuitable for planting under late sowncondition in paddy/cotton/soyabean -chickpea cropping system. Its averageyield is 20 q/ha and matures in 100 -105 days. It showed resistant reactionagainst wilt and moderately resistantreaction against dry root rot and collarrot.

JSC 56 : The chickpea varietydeveloped from a three-way cross(ICCV 91902 x ICCV 10) x ICCV 89230has been identified for Madhya Pradesh,Maharashtra, Gujarat, Bundelkhandregion of U.P. and southern Rajasthan.It is dwarf with spreading plants. Theseeds are light brown, angular shapewith smooth surface. It is suitable forplanting under irrigated and late sownconditions. Its average yield is 19.0 q/ha and matures in 100 days. It ismoderately resistant against wilt anddry root rot.


An ICAR sponsored short courseon "Molecular and genomic tools forcrop improvement" was organized atthe Institute during 27 June - 6 July,2011. The course was aimed atenhancing expertise for marker aidedand genomics enabled breedingtechnologies and genetic engineeringof crops. Twenty three scientists/

faculty members from 10 differentstates of the country and oneparticipant from abroad (Nigeria)attended the training. The trainingmainly focussed on latest moleculartechniques like AFLP, SSR, RAPD,cDNA l ibrary construction andgenetic transformation techniques

(Agrobacterium mediated and Genegun). The training was inaugurated byDr. N. Nadarajan, Director stating theobjectives and importance of thetraining programme, followed by alecture on 'Convergence of breedingand biotechnology for cropimprovement'. Apart from in-houselectures on molecular markers,

mapping population, markerassisted breeding, legumegenomics, genetic engineering andIPR issues, several importantlectures by invited speakers werealso organized viz., GeneticEngineering of Crops for QualityTraits by Dr. (Mrs.) Karabi Datta,RNAi Technology in CropImprovement by Dr. K.

Subramaniam, Bio Safety Regulationsin Biotechnology Research by Dr. S.K. Goel and Bioinformatics:Applications in Agriculture by Dr. AnilRai. The Course Director of the trainingprogramme was Dr. Subhojit Datta,Senior Scientist (Biotechnology), CropImprovement Division.

Transfer of Technology

ICAR Short Course in Biotechnology

Summer School on RCT OrganizedAn ICAR sponsored summer

school on "Resource conservationtechnology (RCT) for enhancing inputuse efficiency and sustainable pulseproduction" was organised at theInstitute during 8-28September, 2011.Dr. Masood Ali ,Former Director of theInstitute inauguratedthe training andhighlighted thatconsidering thepresent level ofdegradation of naturalresources, this is hightime to understand the role of pulsesin conservation agriculture. Dr. N.Nadarajan, Director, IIPR stressed uponthe necessity of conservation of naturalresources to achieve sustainable andprofitable pulse production. Dr. P.K.

Ghosh, HoD (Crop Production) andCourse Director of the Summer Schoolstressed the need for upgrading theknowledge of Indian agriculturalscientists working in different ICAR

Institutes and SAUs about the recentdevelopments and strategies of RCT forsustainable pulse production in thecountry. Total 25 participants fromvarious parts of the country attendedthe summer school. The course broadly

dealt with conservation tillage andresidue management, farmmachineries, improving input useefficiency and soil quality, climatechange, organic farming, plant type andvarietal features, weed management,bio-intensive management of pestand diseases, socio-economicimplementation for adoption of RCT inpulses, etc. Renowned scientists fromICAR, SAUs and also from internationalorganisations l ike ICARDA,International Zinc Association etc.,besides Institute scientists shared theirknowledge and vast experiences asresource persons with participants inthe training. All the participants weresatisfied with the course content andorganization of training and rated thesummer school as very good toexcellent.

Training on Productionand Application of

NSKE for Pod BorerManagement

Neem seed kernel extract(NSKE) is a cost-effective andenvironmentally safe botanical formanagement of pod borer. Forpopularization of i ts use formanagement of Helicoverpa armigerain chickpea, an on-farm training wasorganized on 7 July, 2011 under DBTfunded project in Mungarol and Baraiv i l lages of Maheva block andKhasikheda village of Kadaura block ofJalaun district of Uttar Pradesh. Total49 participating farmers and 14 farmwomen were trained on collection,drying and storage of Neem seeds andsubsequently on preparation as well asapplication of NSKE for managementof pod borer. Participating farmersshowed keen interest in the training andassured application of NSKE in theforthcoming chickpea crop.


Hkkjrh; nygu vuqla/kku laLFkku esa fnukad29 flrEcj] 2011 dks fgUnh fnol lekjksgiwoZd euk;k x;kA lekjksg esa dsUnzh; fo|ky;]pdsjh] dkuiqj ds iz/kkukpk;Z]Mk- ch- ds- xqIrk eq[;vfrfFk FksA lekjksg dhv/;{krk laLFkku ds funs'kdMk- ,u- uMjktu us dhAvius mn~cks/ku eas Mk- xqIrkus dgk fd fgUnh bl le;iwjs ns'k esa le>h vkSj cksyhtkrh gSA fgUnh dh fodkl;k=k ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq, mUgksaus dgk fd fgUnhviuh ljyrk vkSj lgt cks/kxE;rk ds dkj.kgh thou ds gj {ks= esa O;kid Lrj ij mi;ksxdh tk jgh gSA foKku vkSj izca/ku ds {ks=ksa esafgUnh dh lQyrk dk ijpe ygjk jgk gSAv/;{kh; mn~cks/ku esa funs'kd Mk- uMjktu usdgk fd fgUnh fnol ds vk;kstu ls ge fgUnh dsizfr viuk lEEkku vkSj fu"Bk O;Dr djrs gSa aa a vkSjfgUnh ds mRFkku ds fy, ladYi ysrs gSaA mUgksausoSKkfudksa dk vkokgu fd;k fd ubZ rduhdhtkudkjh fdlkuksa rd mUgh dh Hkk"kk esa igq¡pkusds fy, lrr iz;kl djsa vkSj fgUnh ds u;sizdk'kuksa ij cy fn;kA laLFkku dh jktHkk"kklfefr ds lfpo Jh fnokdj mik/;k; us laLFkku

fgUnh fnol dk vk;kstu

esa jktHkk"kk dh izxfr vk[;k izLrqr dhA vfrfFk;ksadk Lokxr Mk- latho xqIrk us fd;kA

fgUnh i[kokM+s esa vk;ksftr fofHkUUkizfr;ksfxrkvksa ds fot;h izfrHkkfx;ksa Jh dUgS;kyky] Jherh jf'e ;kno] Jh Mh- ,u- voLFkh]Mk- ,l- Mh- egkik=k Mk- ds- vkj- lksjsu]Jh jes'k pUnz] Jh ,- ih- flag] Jh ey[kkuflag] Jh vf[ky xaxy] Jh vkj- ds flag] Jhth- vkj- ikxarh vkSj Jh ,p- ,u- ekS;kZ rFkkdk;kZy;hu dkedkt esa fgUnh dk mRd`"V iz;ksxdjus ds fy, Jherh jhrk feJk] Jherh ehuk{khok".ksZ;] loZJh 'kqdnso egrks] vkyksd lDlsuk]f'ko 'kj.k] gjxksfoUn jkBkSj vkSj izksfer Mk;ldks eq[; vfrfFk us iqjLdkj vkSj izek.k i= iznkufd,A dk;ZØe dk lapkyu Mk- ¼Jherh½ meklkg us fd;kA

jkT;&Lrjh; izf'k{k.k vk;ksftrjk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku ¼nygu½ ds rRok/kku

eas fnukad 29-30 tqykbZ 2011 dks laLFkku esa]izlkj dk;ZdrkZvksa dh n{krk dks lq/kkjus ,oa muesafunkudkjh dq'kyrk fodflr djus ds mn~ns'; ls[kjhQ nygu dh mRiknu rduhd fo"k; ij nksfnolh; izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;k x;kAizf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, laLFkkuds funs'kd] Mk- ,u- uMjktu us bl ckr ijcy fn;k fd fdlku fofHkUu Qly i)fr;ksa esa]vYikof/k dh ¼ewax ,oa mnZ½ Qlysa cks,aA bllse`nk Hkh Bhd jgsxh vkSj iks"k.k lqj{kk Hkh gksrhjgsxhA mDr izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa Qly izcU/ku dslHkh igyqvksa tSls mRiknu] lq/kkj ,oa lqj{kk ijppkZ dh xbZA mDr izf'k{k.k esa mRrj izns'k dsif'peh] iwohZ] mRrjh ,oa cqUnsy[k.M {ks=ksa ls vk,djhc 34 yksxksa us Hkkx fy;kA

fnukad 1-3 flrEcj] 2011 dks d`f"k vkSjizkS|ksfxdh izcU/ku vfHkdj.k ¼,-Vh-,e-,-½ifj;kstuk ds varxZr] fcgkj ds 'ks[kiqjk ftys dsfdlkuksa ds fy, rhu fnolh; izf'k{k.k dk vk;kstufd;k x;kA izf'k{k.k ds nkSjku] vkt dh vko';drkds vuq:i vkSj n{krk ij vk/kkfjr O;k[;ku fn,x,] lkFk gh eq[; iz{ks= ,oa uohu 'kks/k iz{ks= dkHkze.k Hkh vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA izfrHkkfx;ksa dkslaLFkku ds uohu izdk'kuksa dh izfr;k¡ Hkh miyC/kdjk;h xbZA dqy 26 d`"kdksa ,oa nks vf/kdkfj;ksaus izf'k{k.k esa Hkkx fy;kA nksuksa gh izf'k{k.kksa dkleUo;u Mk- ,l-ds- flag us fd;kA

jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku ¼nygu½ dsvarxZr] laLFkku esa fnukad 12-14 tqykbZ] 2011dks ns'k ds izlkj vf/kdkfj;ksa gsrq [kjhQ nygu

ds fy, mUur mRiknu rduhd fo"k; ij dk;Z

dq'kyrk lq/kkj ds mn~ns'; ls] rhu fnolh; izf'k{k.k

dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA mDr izf'k{k.k

dk;ZØe dk mn~ns'; Fkk gky gh esa gq, nygu 'kks/klEcU/kh tkudkfj;ksa dks izlkj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh

tkudkjh esa ykuk] lkFk gh ;g crkuk fd dSls

mDr tkudkjh ns'k ds leLr fdlkuksa dks nh

tk,A mDr izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa] ns'k ds 11 jkT;ksarfeyukMq] NRrhlx<+] e/; izns'k] mRrj izns'k]

[kjhQ nygu ds fy, mUur mRiknu rduhd ij izf'k{k.k vk;ksftr

gfj;k.kk] dukZVd] vka/kzizns'k] >kj[k.M] vklke]

egkjk"Vª vkSj iatkc ls vk, 32 izlkj vf/kdkfj;ksa

us Hkkx fy;kA izf'k{k.kdk;ZØe ds nkSjku ftu fo"k;ksaij ppkZ gqbZ mles a izeq[k fo"k;Fks & {ks= fo'ks"k ds fy,laLrqr iztkfr;k¡] ty izcU/ku]la;qDr iks"k.k izcU/ku] jksxvkSj dhV izcU/ku] [kjhQnyguks a dh xq.koRrk of) vkSj;g tkudkjh nsuk fd [kjhQdh nyguh Qlyk s a e s a

'kkfey djus ds fy, vkSj D;k&D;k rduhdhfodYi gSaA


Published by Dr. N. Nadarajan, Director, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024Tel. : 0512-2570264; EPBAX Lines : 0512- 2572464, 2572465; Fax : 0512-2572582

E-mail : [email protected] ; [email protected]; Website; http://www.iipr.res.in

Printed at Army Printing Press, 33, Nehru Road, Sadar Cantt. Lucknow-226 002. Tel. : 0522-2481164, 6565333

Dear Readers,

Organic carbon in agricultural soilcontributes positively to soil fertility,soil tilth, crop production and overallsoil sustainability. During the pastdecades, intensive productionsystems (cereals, sugarcane andpotato based) led to rapid declineof soi l organic carbon andincrease the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) f romagricultural land. Low soil organiccarbon (SOC) concentration isalso attributed to heavy intensiveploughing, removal of cropresidue and other bio-solids, lessinput supply and mining of soilfertility. In order to increase SOC,it is must to increase organicmatter inputs into the soil,decrease decomposition of soilorganic matter and oxidation of SOCor a combination thereof. It can beachieved by changing the agriculturalpractices including reducing tillageintensity, decreasing or ceasing thefallow period, using a cover crop,changing from monoculture to rotationcropping, or altering soil inputs toincrease primary production. However,restoration and build-up of SOC inIndian soils under different productionsystems specially in rice-wheatsystem is one of the challenging tasks.

Importance of pulses in Indianagriculture is well known since timeimmemorial. Pulses being a (N. Nadarajan)

Director’s Desk

component of crop diversification indifferent cereal based system hold apromise for system sustainability andmaintenance of soil health. They addsignificant amount of organic residueto soil in the form of root and aboveground biomass and leaf litter. Deeprooting, nitrogen fixing, leaf shedding

ability and release of chemicals to thesoil by the pulse crop are the keycharacteristics which help in carbonsequestration. Incorporation of pulsesin the crop rotation cycles increasesSOC through leaf drop and rootbiomass due to the combined impactof C and nitrogen (N) on SOC pool. Thequality of pulse residue in terms of C:N ratio, lignin, cellulose, and rootexudates are better than cereals.Therefore, growing a pulse crop in placeof cereal crop could potentiallyinfluence the magnitude of SOCchanges and thus C sequestration.Moreover, continuously growing of

pulses as cover crop/catch crop/intercrop /relay crop will pay muchbetter return in long-run in terms of SOCrestoration. Pulses may contributesignificant quantity of carbon in sub-surface layer, which may last for longertime than surface layer due to lessoxidation of carbon. Understanding the

different forms of organiccompounds (organic acids)present in root exudates ofdifferent pulses will also helpin quantifying long-term carbonstorage in sub-surface soillayers. A large number ofimproved varieties of pulsesacross the country have beenpopularized for yield, diseaseand pest resistance, and heatand drought tolerance.Variation in water use efficiencyand nutrient acquisition of

some varieties are also tested.However, scope exists to test thesevarieties for C-sequestration potentialso that SOC restoration in cereal-based system is further enhanced andfarmers without any involvement ofadditional cost may maintain their farmproductivity.

Incorporation of pulses in differentcropping systems will certainly improvethe soil health and system productivitiyon the one hand and farmers' livelihoodand availability of pulses in the countryon the other.

volume 22, no. 3 july - september, 2011 -...

Documents