Bio 12 Unit H: Enzymes Enzyme Engineer: Unit H Enzymes Standards

• I can relate the function of thyroxin to metabolism.• I can use words and models to show the lock and key function of enzymes.• I can describe how co-enzymes and co-factors assist enzymes.• I can explain how enzymes help our metabolic reactions to occur• I can model/show how thyroxin production is regulated.• I can relate protein structure to the denaturation of enzymes and provide examples of conditions that cause

denaturation.• I can represent the rate of enzyme activity graphically.

Energy and The Cell• Chemical reactions either store or release energy

_________________________________ reactions absorb energy and yield _________________ _________ in ___________________ energy

__________________________________ reactions release energy and yield _________________ that contain ___________ ____________________ energy than their reactants

• Cells carry out thousands of chemical reactions the sum of which constitutes _____________________ ______________________________

• Energy _________________________ uses exergonic reactions to _____________ endergonic reactions

• ATP shuttles chemical energy and drives cellular work ATP powers nearly all forms of cellular work The energy in an ATP molecule lies in the ____________ between its ________________ groups

ATP drives _________________________ reactions by ______________________________, transferring a ___________________ group to make molecules ___________ reactive

Cellular work can be sustained because ATP is a _________________ resource that cells _____________

• Chloroplasts and mitochondria make energy _________________________________ for cellular work ___________________________ are central to the processes that make energy available to the cell ____________________________carry out photosynthesis using solar energy to produce glucose and

oxygen from carbon dioxide and water ____________________________consume oxygen in cellular respiration using the energy stored in

glucose to make ATP

How Enzymes Function• Enzymes _____________ up the cell’s chemical reactions by ___________________ energy barriers

For a chemical reaction to begin reactants must absorb some energy, called the ____________________ of __________________________

A protein ____________________ called an _____________________ can __________________ the energy of activation needed to begin a reaction

• A ________________ enzyme catalyzes __________________ cellular reaction

Enzymes have ____________________ three-dimensional shapes that determine ______________ chemical reactions occur in a cell

The catalytic cycle of an enzyme

• The cellular ______________________ affects enzyme __________________________ _______________________, ____________ concentration, and _______ influence enzyme activity Some enzymes require _______________________ ________________ such as metal ions or organic

molecules called ____________________

Enzyme _____________________ block enzyme ___________________ Inhibitors interfere with an enzyme’s activity A ___________________________ _________________________

Takes the place of a substrate in the active site A _______________________________ __________________________

Alters an enzyme’s function by changing its shape

Bozeman: Enzymes

CONNECTION:• Many poisons, pesticides, and drugs are enzyme _______________• EX: ___________________ is an inhibitor in the cellular respiration reaction in the mitochondria. It causes a

build-up of O2 in the blood and ultimately results in suffocation

Thyroid Gland Thyroid gland produces thyroxine (_______ & ________), a hormone used to regulate metabolism in our bodies

____________________________________ is the total work done by all the cells in our bodies Most of the work in our bodies is done by enzymes Increasing thyroxine levels increases enzyme activity, decreasing thyroxine levels decreases enzyme activity

____________________________________: over active thyroid gland; more thyroxine produced (greater

enzyme activity and more energy used)

____________________________________: under functioning thyroid gland; less thyroxine produced (lower enzyme activity and less energy used)