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Tamworth Borough Council

2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of theEnvironment Act 1995Local Air Quality Management

June 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018


Local Authority Officer

Mr V.D.S Lewis/Holmes Environmental Health Ltd/Mrs S Timmis

Department Environmental Health

Address

Marmion HouseLichfield StTamworthB79 7BZ

Telephone 01827 709 437

E-mail [email protected]

Report Reference number TBC-HEH/ASR/18

Date June 2018



Endorsement from the Director of Health and Care, Staffordshire County Council

Staffordshire County Council is committed to working with partners to ensure that Staffordshire will be a place where improved health and wellbeing is experienced by all. Poor air quality has a negative impact on public health, with potentially serious consequences for individuals, families and communities. Identifying problem areas and ensuring that actions are taken to improve air quality forms an important element in protecting the health and wellbeing of Staffordshire residents. Improving air quality is often a complex issue, presenting a multi-agency challenge – so it is essential that all agencies work together effectively to deliver improvements where they are needed. Our partnership approach will be further supported by a successful bid to Defra’s Air Quality Grant. We were successful in securing £208,000 over two years to deliver an agreed Air Quality Programme across all the Districts and Borough’s across Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent. As Director of Health & Care across Staffordshire I endorse this Annual Status Report which sets out the position across the Districts and Boroughs of Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent and will support an ongoing work programme to address air quality issues.

Dr Richard HarlingDirector of Health and CareStaffordshire County CouncilJune 2018



Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our AreaTamworth Borough

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

In the Tamworth Borough Council area, the main pollutant of concern is nitrogen dioxide which is emitted as a product of combustion from heating sources and especially road vehicles. It follows that the areas of greatest interest in terms of air quality are residential areas close to point sources of combustion such as chimneys serving large boiler plant and dwellings close to busy roads or busy junctions, particularly where these are prone to congestion or where the streets are narrow and the houses are close to the carriageway.

Since 2006 monitoring undertaken by the Council had identified one particular busy junction (the Two Gates crossroads, Dosthill) was showing concentration of nitrogen dioxide that were very close to the health based standard (called the Air Quality Objective) for nitrogen dioxide which saw the monitoring intensified so that the situation could be better understood.

In 2011 it was concluded that certain properties located close to this crossroads were at risk of exceeding the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide.Therefore, in 2012 the Council commissioned a specialist firm of air quality consultants, Ricardo-AEA to undertake a detailed assessment that involved modelling the pollution concentrations [Report ref AEA/R/ED58885, 28 October 2013.] It was concluded that the council should declare an Air Quality Management Area which was completed in May 2014. An Air Quality Management Area gives the area special status where relevant professionals are required to consider a range of actions to improve air quality in the affected area (an Air Quality Action Plan).

To some extent air quality arising from vehicle exhausts has been reducing due to improved engine efficiency and other technical advances such as the requirement for catalytic converters. In addition, the Staffordshire County Council Highways Department, which is responsible for traffic management at this junction, made alterations to the sequence of the traffic lights at the junction. Over the past three years there has been a reduction in the nitrogen dioxide concentration which has lead the Council to consider revoking the Air Quality Management Area.

The Council commissioned another detailed assessment by Ricardo, that involved remodeling the pollution concentrations (Report ref ED62310- 26 May 2016). The modelling results indicated that there were no exceedences of the annual mean NO2 objective occurring at any residential properties within the AQMA and recommended the revocation of the Two Gates AQMA which was completed on 23rdMarch 2018.Although the busy A5 trunk road runs through the Borough and the M42 Motorway runs close to the Borough boundary, there are no sensitive receptors (dwellings) sufficiently close to these roads, air quality is not considered to be an issue. Although there have been no specific problem areas identified locally, nationally there is currently great interest in the extent that very small particles called PM2.5 impact on public health. In line with national



guidance the Council is giving consideration to this pollutant and actions that can be taken to minimise its impact. Tamworth Borough Council continues to work with other partners to tackle Air Quality such as other Borough & District Councils, the Highways Authority, Director of Public Health and Public Health England and where appropriate will participate in projects to improve Air Quality.

The Council is also responsible for the regulation of a number of Part A2 and Part B industrial installations that are of significance in terms of air quality. Each process / installation is regulated under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 and regularly inspected by the Council Environmental Health Officers to ensure they are controlling their emissions to atmosphere in accordance with national guidance. A list of processes that currently hold an Environmental Permit issued by Tamworth Borough Council (as at April 2018) is shown at Appendix F

Actions to Improve Air QualityAs stated above, Tamworth Borough Council has been working with partner organisations to tackle air quality, particularly in and around the Air Quality Management Area. We have revoked our Air Quality Management Area as the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide have fallen below the Air Quality Objective. A further detailed assessment was commissioned to inform this decision.

Conclusions and PrioritiesThe key priorities for air quality in Tamworth include the continuation of the long-term air quality monitoring programme which is kept under constant review to ensure that monitoring takes place in the most relevant locations and to tackle air quality issues at source wherever possible either though regulatory controls of emissions to air from certain potentially polluting industries.

Though, the Two Gates Crossroads Air Quality Management Area has been revoked. Officers of the Environmental Health team will continue to consider the impact of new development on existing dwellings and ensuring that new dwellings or other sensitive developments are constructed in areas of unacceptable air quality through the Planning system. New Government guidance on tackling air quality issues will see the Council forming stronger links specifically in respect of air quality with key partners such as the Staffordshire Director of Public Health and Staffordshire County Council Highways Planners.

Local Engagement and How to get InvolvedAir Quality is not “someone else’s problem”. All members of the community can play a part in improving air quality. Simple steps that we can all take include making short journeys on foot or by bicycle rather than by car or using public transport. As it is often traffic congestion that exacerbates poor air quality, avoiding using vehicles at busy times can be beneficial. Car sharing for journeys to work or for the school run can reduce the number of vehicles using busy roads and junctions.

Other simple measures that can be taken include

Purchasing low emission vehicles and or hybrid vehicles as individuals.

Fleet vehicles and transport companies could play a major role in the use of low emission vehicles.



Upgrading boilers to the newest and most efficient gas condensing boilers with the lowers nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions

Installing renewable options such as solar panels or wind turbines (in appropriate locations).

Members of the public can play their part in improving air quality in the area by obtaining further information from Tamworth Borough Council website.

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013



Table of ContentsEndorsement from the Director of Health and Care, Staffordshire County Council..........................iExecutive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area........................................................................................ii

Actions to Improve Air Quality..............................................................................................................................iii

Conclusions and Priorities....................................................................................................................................iii

Local Engagement and How to get Involved........................................................................................................iii

1 Local Air Quality Management.......................................................................................................12 Actions to Improve Air Quality......................................................................................................2

2.1 Air Quality Management Areas.................................................................................................................2

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Tamworth Borough Council........................4

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations...................................7

2.3.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels in Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent..............................................................7

2.3.2 PM2.5 and Mortality in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent.......................................................................................9

2.3.3 Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5....................................................................................11

2.3.4 PM2.5 in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent - Next steps......................................................................................17

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance............................................................................................................................................ 18

3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken.......................................................................................................18

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites............................................................................................................................. 18

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...................................................................................................................... 18

3.2 Individual Pollutants................................................................................................................................18

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)................................................................................................................................... 18

Appendix A: Monitoring Results..........................................................................................................19Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017..............................................................21Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC...................23Table C.1 Laboratory summary performance for AIR NO2 PT rounds AR013, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22 and 24..........................................................................................................................................24Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs................................................................29Figure D.2 Map showing location of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes in the Former Two Gates Air Quality Management Area...................................................................................................30Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England............................................................31Appendix F: Processes Regulated for Emissions to Air by Tamworth Borough Council under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 as at December 2017........................................................................................................................................................ 32Glossary of Terms.................................................................................................................................34



List of TablesTable 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas.............................................….3Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality...........................................6Table 2.3 - Annual Mean PM10 & PM2.5 Results of monitoring by Staffordshire Authorties 2012 - 2017………………………………………………………………………8Table 2.4 - Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5……………… 12

List of FiguresFigure 1 Estimated number of deaths by local authority area attributable to PM2.5 within Staffordshire

for adults over 2011 to 2015................…..9Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure 2 Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01- Fraction of annual all cause adult mortality

attributable to anthropogenic (human made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5 ) for Staffordshire Authorities 2011 - 20158…10Error! Bookmark not defined.



1 Local Air Quality ManagementThis report provides an overview of air quality in Tamworth Borough Council during

2017. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out

in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical

Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review

and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality

objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the

local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare

an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place

in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual

requirement showing the strategies employed by Tamworth Borough Council to

improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in

Table E.1 in Appendix E.



2 Actions to Improve Air Quality2.1 Air Quality Management AreasAir Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance

or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must

prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures

it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Tamworth Borough Council can be found in Table

2.1. Further information related to Tamworth`s AQMAs, including maps of AQMA

boundaries is available online at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?

la_id=271

The AQMA action plan can be found at

http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/environment_docs/Two%20Gates

%20AQAP.pdf For reference, a map of Tamworth Borough Council’s monitoring

locations is available in Appendix D.

However Tamworth Borough Council has revoked our only AQMA on 23rd March

2018. The process of which started before the results were returned for the 2016-

2017 diffusion tube results.


http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/environment_docs/Two%20Gates%20AQAP.pdf

http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/environment_docs/Two%20Gates%20AQAP.pdf

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=271

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=271


Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

AQMA Name

Date of Declaration

Pollutants and Air Quality

Objectives

City / Town

One Line Description

Is air quality in the AQMA

influenced by roads

controlled by Highways England?

Level of Exceedence (maximum monitored/modelled concentration at a location of relevant exposure) Action Plan

(inc. date of publication)

At Declaration Now

AQMA 1/2014

1st May 2014

NO2

annual mean

Tamworth

Two Gates, Dosthill

Tamworth.YES 41.6 µg/m3 38.5 µg/m3

Two Gates Air Quality Action

Plan2015

http://www.tamwort

h.gov.uk/sites/default/

files/environment_

docs/Two%20Gates

%20AQAP.pdf

Tamworth Borough Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 3


2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Tamworth Borough Council

Defra`s appraisal of last year`s ASR concluded:

1. A recent detailed assessment has concluded that the air quality objectives

are no longer exceeded at all relevant receptors at the Two Gates AQMA.

2. Recent monitoring results supports this conclusion, but there was some

uncertainty involving the presentation of results for Q6E, Q6S,Q6W & Q6N.

3. However,Q6E is located on a busy junction (2.6m) some considerable

distance from a dwelling which is 30m away. For this site it is necessary to

calculate the fall in NO2 concentration due to the increased distance”.

4. In Table A.1 sites Q6S, Q6W and Q6N are stated as being sited at 1.8m,

2.8m and 2.6metres from positions of relevant exposure, yet have not been

corrected. If these details are correct, then further distance corrections are

required.

5. It appears from checking the calculation for Q6E, that incorrect values may

have been used within the NO2 fall-off with distance calculator. This

calculator requires distances between Kerb to receptor, and Kerb to

measurement. The distances in Table A.1 are not the same, they are

Distance from monitoring site to relevant exposure, and distance from

monitoring site to kerb of the nearest road.

6. If the relative positions are kerb-monitor and monitor-relevant exposure, then

the kerb to receptor distance is the sum of the distances in Table A.1, which

appears to have been overlooked. If this is correct, then a further correction

is required for the Q6E results.

7. These further corrections will reduce the monitoring results at the AQMA

monitoring sites to less than 30ug/m3, significantly under the annual mean

objective level of 40ug/m3.

8. Contrary to the advice in the previous ASR, the status of the Action Plan

measures could be reported in Table 2.2, alongside other measures the

Council are adopting to combat the combined effects of locally generated

emissions on climate and air quality. This should be continued in further

reports.

Tamworth Borough Council`s Response to this was



The data used in the distance correction calculation was checked. Tube locations are governed by what is available in an area upon which to mount them (eg lamp posts) and for this reason are not always in the best location. Looking at Q6E specifically, distances for the assessments in Table A.1 were re-checked 2-3 years ago. The distance between the tube and the carriageway is 2.6m. Figure D2 in the ASR details the tube location and nearest relevant receptor. The property numbered 440 is not a relevant receptor making the nearest relevant receptor the rear elevation of 118 Highcliffe Rd. The Distance from the receptor to the point of the carriageway nearest the tube is 38m. Q6E has been relocated to the rear elevation of 118 Highcliffe Road which will provide data entirely relevant to the nearest receptor and thus avoiding the need to make distance correction adjustments.

Tamworth Borough Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during

the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of

all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.

More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plans for

instance our AQMA action plan is entitled Two Gates Air Quality Action Plan 2015.

http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/environment_docs/Two%20Gates

%20AQAP.pdf

Key completed measures are:

Improvements to the traffic light sequencing at the A5/A51 junction at Two

Gates

Information and awareness raising

The measures stated above and in Table 2.2 have helped to contribute towards

compliance, such that Tamworth Borough Council has revoked the AQMA Two

Gates, Dosthill.



Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Measure No. Measure EU Category

EU Classification

Organisations involved and

Funding Source

Planning Phase

Implementation Phase

Key Performance

Indicator

Reduction in Pollutant /

Emission from Measure

Progress to DateEstimated /

Actual Completion

Date

Comments / Barriers to implementation

1

Promotion of walking/reduction in vehicle use in vicinity of

AQMA

Alternatives to private vehicle

useOther


Local Plan Throughout 2017

AQMA NO2 levels reduce

below objective level

Reduced vehicle

emissionsOngoing Ongoing Nil

2

Domestic smoke control

Public Information Via the

internet


Current Throughout 2017

Reduction in breaches

Reduced emissions ongoing ongoing Nil

3

Continued Integration

with planning system

Policy Guidance and Development

Air Quality

Planning

SAQF including Tamworth Borough Council

OngoingThroughout

2017Ongoing Reduced

emissionsOngoing Ongoing Nil

4

Regulation of industrial processes

Environmental Permits

Environmental Permits


Throughout 2017-18

Throughout 2017-18

Reduction in breaches

Reduced emissions Ongoing Mar 2017 Nil



2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5μm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Particulate matter, or PM, is the term used to describe particles found in the air, including dust, dirt and liquid droplets. PM comes from both natural and man-made sources, including traffic emissions and Saharan-Sahel dust. These particles can be suspended in the air for long periods of time, and can travel across large distances.

PM less than 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10) pose a health concern because they can be inhaled into and accumulate in the respiratory system. PM less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5) are referred to as "fine" particles and are believed to pose the greatest health risks, as they can lodge deeply into the lungs and also pass into the bloodstream.

PM2.5 is the pollutant which has the biggest impact on public health and on which the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 3.015 is based.

The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) undertook a review in February 2016 6 where they found that long term exposure to air pollution impairs lung function growth in children, and that outdoor exposure is linked to lung cancer in adults. Within Staffordshire it is estimated that 4.8%of all deaths can be attributed to exposure to PM2.5, compared to 5.1% across England (40,000 deaths annually)4. Overall, the estimated cost to individuals and society is more than £20 billion annually for the UK.

2.3.1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels in Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent

A number of the Staffordshire Authorities currently monitor locally for PM10. Defra’s Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) site Stoke-on-Trent Centre has a dedicated PM2.5 monitor. Table 2.3 presents data on the local level of PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the Staffordshire Authorities. Where the data is derived from PM10 monitoring this has been adjusted by applying a correction factor of 0.7 to derive the PM2.5 component. The correction factor has been derived from the average of all ratios of PM2.5/PM10 for the years from 2010 to 2014 for forty sites within the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) where these substances are measured on an hourly basis and follows the guidance published in LAQM (TG16).

4 Mortality attributable to particulate air pollution Public Health Outcomes Framework5 Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016 – 2019 indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/public-health-outcomes-framework/data#page/3/gid/1000043/pat/6/par/E12000005/ati/102/are/E10000028/iid/30101/age/230/sex/46 [‘Every Breath we Take: The Lifelong Impact of Air Pollution; Report of a working Party, February 2016, ISBN 978-1-86016-567-2],


https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/public-health-outcomes-framework/data#page/3/gid/1000043/pat/6/par/E12000005/ati/102/are/E10000028/iid/30101/age/230/sex/4


Table 2.3 Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5 results of monitoring by Staffordshire Authorities 2012 to 2017

Annual Mean PM10 and PM2.5Results from monitoring Staffordshire Authorities 2013- 2017

Authority Site Type Monitor Location

OS Grid Ref

Year

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Newcastle under Lyme Roadside Queen`s

Gardens

E385057 PM10 22.5 22 22.9 (5) (5)

N346137 PM2.515.75(1) 15.4(1) 16(1) (5) (5)

Cannock Chase Roadside Cannock A5190

E401392N309954

PM10 - - - - 14

PM2.5 - - - - 9.8

Stoke on Trent

Roadside BasfordE386288 PM 10 - - - - 23

N346802 PM2.5 - - - - 16

Roadside A50 Meir Tunnel

E392548 PM 10 - - 20(2) 20 18

N342572 PM2.5 - - 14(2) 14 13 Urban Background Stoke on

Trent CentralE388351N347895

PM 2.5 10 10 12 12 9

Roadside MiddleportE385780 MP10 25 24 22 (3) (3)

N349376 PM2.5 18(1) 17(1) 15(1) (3) (3)

East Staffordshire Roadside Derby

TumE424671N324019

PM 10 29 31 23 (4) (4)

PM 2.5 20.3(1) 21.7(1) 16.1(1) (4) (4)

Notes: (1)PM2.5 results are derived from PM10 monitored results corrected with a 0.7 correction factor in accordance with TG16 – Annex B: Derivation of PM2.5 to PM10 Ratio. All other results are directly monitored. (2) Valid data capture for 2015 was 59%. The site was commissioned on 22 May 2015.(3) Middleport monitor was decommissioned at the end 2015

(4) East Staffordshire`s monitors were decommissioned 2016(5) Newcastle under Lyme monitors were Decommissioned 2016

As can be seen from the results, concentrations of PM2.5 within the Staffordshire Authorities are below the 2020 EU limit value of 25μg/m3.


Tamworth Borough Council2.3.2 PM2.5 and Mortality in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent

Although the levels of PM2.5 within the County and City of Stoke on Trent are below the 2020 EU Limit value, the impact on adult mortality directly attributable to PM2.5 is nonetheless still an important public health issue within Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent. This is revealed in data obtained from Public Health England used to inform Public Health Outcomes Framework indicator 3.017, as shown in Figure 1

The percentage estimated number of deaths attributable to PM2.5 in adults over 30 has been translated into the estimated number of attributable deaths for each local authority area within Staffordshire, and are shown in Figure 2. The data presented to 2013 is the latest data available at time of publication of this report. Approximately 5% of deaths within the County can be attributed to PM2.5.

Figure 1 Estimated number of deaths by local authority area attributable to PM2.5 within Staffordshire for adults over 2012 to 2016

District/County PercentageNewcastle-under-Lyme 4.7%Stafford 4.8%East Staffordshire 5.1%South Staffordshire 4.9%Lichfield 5.1%Staffordshire Moorlands 4.4%Cannock Chase 5.0%Tamworth 5.4%Stoke on Trent 4.9%Staffordshire County 4.9%England 5.2%

7 Public Health Outcomes Framework 2016-2019Indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520457/At_a_glance.pdf


https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/520457/At_a_glance.pdf

Tamworth Borough CouncilFigure 2 Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01- Fraction of annual all cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5 ) for Staffordshire Authorities 2012 to 20168

Estimated numbers of annual all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human-made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5*) for Staffordshire 2012 to 20168

* Fraction of annual all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic (human-made) particulate air pollution (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5*)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016District/County Deaths - all

causes persons 30+

%* Estimated attributable deaths

Deaths - all causes persons 30+








Newcastle-under-Lyme 1218 4.6 60 1295 4.9 60 55 4.7 60 55 4.2 50 1291 4.7 60

Stafford 1195 4.6 50 1261 4.9 60 65 4.8 60 60 4.7 60 1254 4.8 60East Staffordshire 966 4.8 60 1097 5.1 60 55 5.1 50 55 4.8 50 1065 5.6 60

South Staffordshire 1162 4.8 60 1102 5.1 60 55 5 50 55 4.7 60 1128 5.1 60

Lichfield 953 5 50 1050 5.1 50 50 5 50 50 4.6 50 1044 5.5 60Staffordshire Moorlands 1020 4.2 40 1085 4.7 50 45 4.5 50 45 4 40 1110 4.6 50

Cannock Chase 844 4.8 40 787 5.1 40 45 5.1 40 45 4.6 40 879 5.4 50

Tamworth 553 5.2 30 592 5.5 30 35 5.4 30 30 30 615 6 40Stoke on Trent 2386 4.9 115 2412 5.2 125 2318 5.0 115 2479 4.9 110 2454 5.0 120Staffordshire County 7911 4.7 372 8269 5 420 400 4.9 400 390 4.5 390 8386 5.2 430

8 Source Public Health England https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/public-health-outcomes-framework/data#page/3/gid/1000043/pat/6/par/E12000005/ati/102/are/E10000028/iid/30101/age/230/sex/4





2.3.3 Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5

A number of the Staffordshire Authorities are currently involved in implementing measures to reduce levels of N02 within their areas, which are detailed elsewhere in this report. Whilst there is currently no statutory duty imposed on Local Authorities in England to reduce PM2.5, a number of the measures are complementary. A mapping exercise completed by the Staffordshire Air Quality Forum members details the measures currently in place which are considered to have an impact in reducing PM2.5 within the County. These are produced in Table 2.4 below;



Table 2.4 Actions being taken within Staffordshire to reduce PM2.5

Measures category

Measure Classification

Effect on reducing NOx and

PM10 emission

s(low, medium,

high)

Reduces PM2.5

emissions

Local Authority

Stoke on Trent CC Staffordshire Moorlands DC

Newcastle under -Lyme BC Stafford BC Cannock Chase DC East Staffs BC Lichfield DC South Staffs DC Tamworth BC

Traffic Management

Urban Traffic Control systems, Congestion management, traffic reduction

low UTC in Leek Town Centre

UTC in areas of Newcastle Town

Centre AQMA and Kidsgrove AQMA

UTC in Stafford Town Centre

UTC in Cannock Town Centre

UTC in Burton Town Centre. Planned A444 corridor study.

Burton town centre regeneration. B5017 corridor

improvements between Wellington Rd/Shobnall Rd&

Postern Rd. Tatenhill & Rangemore improvements

Investigations ongoing into UTC in areas of Lichfield City Centre

UTC in Tamworth Town Centre at Ventura Park

Reduction of speed limits, 20mph zones low

20mph zones near some schools in

residential areas

20mph zones in Brereton, Hednesford

and Rugeley

20 mph zones near some schools in residential areas

20mph zones in Trysull, Bradley,

Kinver and Bilbrook

Road User Charging (RUC)/ Congestion charging

low M6 Toll M6 Toll M6 Toll

Anti-idling enforcement low

Other

Promoting Travel Alternatives

Workplace Travel Planning low Staffordshire CC has successfully acquired funding for a 2 year work & school travel plan programme for work in the vicinity of AQMAS in Staffs & Stoke.

https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/travelplans/home.aspx

Encourage / Facilitate home-working low Agile working adopted

by Stoke-on-Trent CC Homeworking policy adopted Homeworking policy adopted Homeworking policy

adoptedAgile working policy adopted

Homeworking policy adopted

School Travel Plans low Modeshift STARS https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/activeschooltravel

Promotion of cycling low Stoke-on-Trent Cycle Map & Guide https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/cycling/Cycle-maps/cyclemaps.aspx

Promotion of walking low Wayfinding and Living Streets projects https:/www.staffordshire.gov.uk/environment/eLand/RightsofWay/PromotedRoutes/home.aspx

Staffordshire Share a Lift Scheme https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/greentravel/carsharing/Car-sharing.aspx

Promote use of rail and inland waterways medium

North Staffordshire Community Rail

Partnership


Partnership operating along the North

Staffordshire Line includes Blythe Bridge

Rail Station. The County Council Draft

Rail Strategy is available from:

http://moderngov.staffordshire.gov.uk/docu

ments/s69891/Appendix%201%20for

%20Rail%20Strategy.pdf


Partnership operating along the North Staffordshire

Line includes Blythe Bridge Rail

Station. The County Council Draft Rail

Strategy is available from:

http://moderngov.staffordshire.gov.uk/documents/s69891/A

ppendix%201%20for


North Staffordshire

Community Rail Partnership

operating along the North

Staffordshire Line includes Blythe Bridge

Rail Station. The County Council

Draft Rail Strategy is

available from: http://moderngov.staffordshire.gov.uk/documents/s69891/Appendix%201%20for


SCC is a member of West Midlands Rail

Ltd which will bring a change in the way

that local rail services are managed and

operated. The County Council Draft

Rail Strategy is available from:

Link &

Link

Community Rail Partnership operating along the North

Staffordshire Line and includes Uttoxeter Rail Station. The County Council Draft Rail Strategy is available from:

http://moderngov.staffordshire.gov.uk/documents/s69891/Appendi

x%201%20for%20Rail%20Strategy.pdf



Measures category



PM10 emission

s(low, medium,

high)

Reduces

PM2.5

emissions

Local Authority

Stoke on Trent CC

Staffordshire Moorlands DC


Transport Planning and Infrastructure

Local Transport Plans and District Strategies high Local Transport

Plan https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/Integrated-transport-documents/East-Staffordshire-Transport.pdf

Public transport improvements-interchanges stations and services

low

Improvements around Stoke-

on-Trent railway station in

development

Kidsgrove Station interchange planned 2018

Recent improvements completed at Stafford Rail

Station

Planned improvements at

Cannock Station as part of Mill Green

development

Planned improvements at Burton Rail Station

Planned improvements at Lichfield City station as part of Friarsgate

development. Lichfield Trent Valley

improvements to make station accessible

Planned improvements at

Tamworth station

Public cycle hire scheme low

Stoke Railway Station

'Brompton Dock' Bike Hire & Cycle Hub

In house Cycle to work scheme

Cycle network low Stoke-on-Trent Cycle Map &

Guidewww.saffordshire.gov.uk/transport/cycling/cyclemaps/cyclemaps.aspx

Bus route improvements high

Improvements around Stoke-

on-Trent railway station in

development

Continued delivery of demand

responsive public transport

Moorlands Connect, bus infrastructure

improvements to route 9 Biddulph-

Hanley

RTPI routes 3 & 4 Newcastle Town Centre. Improved

future bus services to Chatterley Valley

RTPI Stafford Town Centre, A34 RTPI and bus priority

measures, Stafford. Improved bus priority abd

interchange on A518, Stafford

post-SWAR

Proposed improvements to

services 23,24 and 26 in Rugeley, service

2 Cannock-Walsall and service 32/33 Pye

GreenRemoval of obstructions on New Street

New central bus station.

New or extended

services to Fradley. New

bus infrastructure Burntwood

Town Centre. RTPI Lichfield City Centre.

Improved bus infrastructure Gt Wyrley to Bloxich

corridor, & on routes 256 Wombourne to Stourbridge,

255 Wolverhampton to Merry Hill, 5 Codsall to

Wolverhmapton, 1 Huntington to Walsall and

54 Stafford to Wolverhampton.

Improved bus infrastructure

route 2 Tamworth-Perrycrofts.

RTPI Tamworth Town Centre and Ventura Park. Victoria

Road, Tamworth upgraded

interchange.

Alternatives to private vehicle use

Bus based Park & Ride medium nil

Car Clubs low nil

Policy Guidance and Development Control

Planning applications to require assessment of exposure / emissions for development requiring air quality impact assessment

high

Local plan - Policy CP16 - Climate

Change and Sustainable Resource Use Cannock chase. Www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/local_plan_part_1_09.04.14_low_res.pd

f

http://www.eaststaffsbc.gov.uk/planning/planning-policy/local-plan-2012-2031

https://www.lichfieldd

c.gov.uk/Council/

Planning/The-local-plan-and-

planning-policy/

Planning-policy.aspx

Local & National Validation

requirements 2017:

http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/planning_docs/National-and-Local-Validation-requirements-2017.pdf






Measures category



PM10 emission

s(low, medium,

high)

Reduces PM2.5

emissions

Local Authority

Stoke on Trent CC



Policy Guidance and Development Control

Air Quality Strategy

Local Air Quality

Strategy - Stoke-on-Trent City Council

nil http://www.eaststaffsbc.gov.uk/environmental-health/pollution/bonfires

Planning Guidance for developers

To develop planning guidance

for developers

and to develop into SPD

once Local Plan

Policies in Place

http://www.cannockchasedc.g

ov.uk/residents/planning/planning-

policy/supplementary-planning-policy-

documents

http://www.eaststaffsbc.gov.uk/environmental-health/pollution/bonfires

Developer Contributions based on damage cost calculation

To develop policies to

secure contributions to offset pollution

http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/sites/default/

files/local_plan_part_1_09.

04.14_low_res.pdf

Yes

Planning Policies

To influence policies to

support improveme

nts in emissions through

development of

Staffordshire abd

Stoke-on-Trent Joint Local Plan

http://www.eaststaffsbc.gov.uk/sites/

default/files/docs/pollution/Air%20Quality%20Policy%20for%20Development

%20Control

https://www.lichfieldd

c.gov.uk/Council/

Planning/The-local-plan-

and-planning-policy/

Planning-policy.aspx

STOR Sites (Short Term Operating Reserve) Energy Generation . Regulation via planning / permitting regime

high To lobby Central Government via appropriate forums (e.g. Staffordshire Air Quality Forum / Midlands Joint Advisory Council) for consideration of air quality implications at a national level and to support local authorities and developers with appropriate guidance.

Low Emissions Strategy high


https://www.lichfielddc.gov.uk/Council/Planning/The-local-plan-and-planning-policy/Planning-policy.aspx




Measures category



PM10 emission

s(low, medium,

high)

Reduces PM2.5

emissions

Local Authority

Stoke on Trent CC Staffordshire Moorlands DC

Newcastle under -Lyme BC Stafford BC Cannock Chase DC East Staffs BC Lichfield DC South Staffs

DC Tamworth BC

Freight and Delivery Management

Freight Consolidation Centre medium

Route Management Plans/ Strategic routing strategy for HGV's

high https://www.staffordshire.gov.uk/transport/transportplanning/localtransportplan/appendixl-staffordshirefreightstrategy.pdf

Quiet & out of hours delivery low

Delivery and Service plans medium

Freight Partnerships for city centre deliveries high

Vehicle Fleet Efficiency

Driver training and ECO driving aids medium

ESBC staff undertaken ECO

drivingPromoting low emission public transport high Vehicle retrofitting programmes medium Fleet efficiency and recognition schemes medium Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Eco-Stars http://www.ecostars-uk.com/eco-stars-schemes/

Promoting low emission transport

Low emission zone (LEZ) Clean Air Zone (CAZ) high

Public Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles

high Waste fleet vehicles comply with Euro VI.

Company Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles

high

Procuring alternative Refuelling infrastructure to promote Low Emission Vehicles, EV recharging, Gas fuel recharging

high

Priority parking for LEV's high Electric Vehicle charging spaces

Electric Vehicle charging spaces

Taxi Licensing conditions medium Hackney Carriage

& Private Hire Licensing Policy

2016-2019

Taxi emission incentives medium

Environmental permits

Introduction/increase of environment charges through permit systems and economic instruments (Permit fees set centrally)

medium Unable to achieve at a local

level without central government approval

Measures to reduce pollution through IPPC Permits going beyond BAT

medium https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211863/env-permitting-general-guidance-a.pdf (Chapter 15)

Large Combustion Plant Permits and National Plans going beyond BAT

high

Other ??


https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/211863/env-permitting-general-guidance-a.pdf%20%20%20(Chapter%2015)




Measures category



PM10 emissions

(low, medium,

high)

Reduces PM2.5

emissions

Local Authority

Stoke on Trent CC



Other measures

Smoky Diesel Hotline https://www.gov.uk/report-smoky-vehicle

A5 and M6 Partnership

http://www.hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk/info/10020/

strategies_plans_and_policies/1272/a5_partnership

Strategy for the A5 2011-2026

Strategy for the A5 2011-2026

Domestic Smoke Control advice and Enforcement

Smoke control advice

http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/residents/environmental-health/environmental-protection/chimney-smoke

http://www.eaststaffsbc.gov.uk/

environmental-health/pollution/smoke-control-areas

https://

www.sstaffs.gov.uk/environment/smoke-

control-areas.cfm

Garden Bonfires - Advice and nuisance enforcement

Garden bonfires advice

http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/

residents/environmental-health/environmental-protection/bonfire-

smoke-nuisance


environmental-health/pollution/bonfires

https://www.sstaffs.gov.uk/

crime-nuisances/bonfires-and-smoke.cfm

http://www.tamworth.gov.uk/air-quality

Commercial burning advice and enforcement

http://www.cannockchasedc.gov.uk/

residents/environmental-health/environmental-protection/bonfire-

smoke-nuisance


environmental-health/pollution/bonfires

http://

www.tamworth.gov.uk/air-quality

Multi agency working with Fire Service and Environment Agency for trade burning

Information shared as appropriate

Information shared as

appropriate

Multi agency working with Staffordshire Fire Service and Local Authority Building Controlregarding chimney fires and complaints about DIY domestic heating systems

Information shared as appropriate

Stoke-on-Trent Low Carbon District Heat Network

Stoke-on-Trent Low Carbon District Heat Network



2.3.4 PM2.5 in Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent - Next steps

As PM2.5 is an issue requiring collaboration between the district, county and city authorities within Staffordshire, the following actions are proposed in addition to those outlined in the action plan. Progress on these and the action plan will be detailed in the 2019 ASR.To agree a target for reducing Fraction of All Cause Mortality from PM2.5 in each district, city and county authority by 2020To agree a target for reducing PM2.5 exposure (calculated from PM10 exposure / background maps / local monitoring where available)To maintain compliance with the 2020 EU limit value of 25μg/m3 To include Public Health Outcome Framework Indicator 3.01 in the Staffordshire and District Authority and City Council Joint Strategic Needs Assessment for 2018/2019 onwards and to report progress to the relevant Health and Wellbeing Boards. To continue to identify risks affecting PM2.5 which need to be addressed at a national level e.g.○A number of authorities within Staffordshire are receiving applications for STOR (Short Term Operating Reserve) sites to supplement power to the National Electricity Grid at times of peak demand. These sites typically operate during the autumn / winter months and can be high emitters of PM. There is currently a conflict in national policy which is seeking security of energy supply and the drive to reduce anthropogenic PM2.5. Recent approaches to DEFRA have revealed a lack of suitable guidance to local authorities and STOR operators.○To lobby for a suitable damage cost calculation to reflect the cost to society from PM2.5 and to support this through local and national planning policies.



3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tamworth Borough Council Does not operate any automatic (continuous) monitors

with its area.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tamworth Borough Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at

14 sites during 2016 and 2017 Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Figure D.1 in

Appendix D.

Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment

for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual PollutantsThe air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant,

adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on

adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.2 in Appendix A compares the bias adjusted and distance corrected (where

appropriate) adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5

years compared with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in

Appendix B.

There are no exceedances of the annual mean Air Quality Objective for nitrogen

dioxide for 2017. There is no need, therefore, to consider declaring an AQMA in the

Tamworth Borough Council area.



Appendix A: Monitoring ResultsTable A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Notes:(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).(2) N/A if not applicable.



Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results 2013 - 2017

Diffusion tube data has been bias correctedAnnualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%Notes:Data has not been corrected for distance to receptor (see Appendix B for distance corrected data (where appropriate) for 2017)Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold.NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.(1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.(2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).(3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.



Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2017

Site ID

NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m3)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Annual Mean

Raw Data

Bias Adjusted (0.89) and Annualise

d (1)

Distance Corrected

to Nearest

Exposure (2)

10N 50.6 48.2 43.2 16.9 N/R N/R N/R 28.9 32.9 N/R 43 41.6 38.2 30.73N 42.8 22.5 20.5 13.9 12.5 15.4 15.3 15.7 21.3 19.7 24.7 29.1 21.1 18.8

11N 36.9 20.9 19.9 8.6 17.2 15.3 15.5 20.2 22.1 24.7 30.9 30.4 21.9 19.5Q2 51.8 33.2 27.9 12.5 21.9 19.5 20 21.5 25.1 26 33.9 32.8 27.2 24.2Q3 42.8 36.5 34 3.7 22.9 22.6 23.3 28 32.1 33.1 39.2 39.2 29.8 26.5Q5 43.6 36.8 30.7 8.4 23.7 22.2 22.3 25.8 31.2 29.7 35.7 37.4 29.0 25.8

Q6S 56.5 42.3 37.1 33 32.9 34.9 39.5 38.9 46.8 41.4 49.6 50.4 41.9 37.3 27.5Q6W 58.9 46.4 35.4 17.9 37.6 N/R 35.6 33.2 38.4 32.7 50.2 43 39.0 34.7Q6N 49.5 44.9 38.4 28.4 31 24.9 33.8 37.1 36.3 36.5 55.1 48.6 38.7 34.5Q6E 56 53 44.9 16.9 36.2 35.1 38.6 38.5 40.1 44.4 59.2 56.4 43.3 38.5 25.4Q7 55.6 42.3 39.8 9.5 25.9 31.3 N/R 30.6 38.1 38 47.6 42.7 36.5 32.5Q8 38.9 27.8 23.4 6.7 18.6 17.6 16.9 20.1 21.7 25.6 30.2 31.2 23.2 20.7

Q9N 47.9 41.9 31.3 20.5 26.6 26.7 25.2 28.2 35 35.4 42.8 39.9 33.5 29.8Q10 47.2 33.1 31.8 12.1 21.3 19.8 N/R 22.2 26 29.6 32 36.2 28.3 25.2

☐ Local bias adjustment factor used



☒ National bias adjustment factor used☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure

Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3 are shown in bold.NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.(1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation.(2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.



Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QCDiffusion tubes are used to provide a relatively simple and cost-effective method of

monitoring for nitrogen dioxide at several locations where nitrogen dioxide levels

are likely to be high as identified in previous reviews and assessments, due to the

proximity of significant sources (normally traffic).

The tube is a small plastic device, approximately 6 centimetres long, open at one

end, with a disc at the other end that reacts to nitrogen dioxide. They are located

at sites, typically on lamp posts or other street furniture or on the facades of

properties and exposed for a 4–5 week period, in line with the UK national survey.

The tubes contain a mesh which is doped with 20% v/v Triethanolamine (TEA) in

Water and are fitted with a cap before and after exposure which is undertaken

according to the nationally published monthly schedule.

QA/QC Details of the Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Survey

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Staffordshire County Council Scientific Services, which participates in the AIR NO2 Proficiency Testing Scheme for the analysis the diffusion tubes.

Air PT SchemeThe AIR NO2 Proficiency Testing Scheme is an independent analytical proficiency-

testing (PT) scheme, operated by LGC Standards and supported by the Health

and Safety Laboratory (HSL). AIR PT is a new scheme, started in April 2014,

which combines two long running PT schemes: LGC Standards STACKS PT

scheme and HSL WASP PT scheme.

Staffordshire County Council scored 100% for the period covered by this report.

The Air PT Scores for the relevant period is shown in Table C.1 with the

Staffordshire Scientific Services results highlighted in yellow for the period covered

by this report.



Table C.1 Laboratory summary performance for AIR NO2 PT rounds AR013, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22 and 24 The following table lists those UK laboratories undertaking LAQM activities that have participated in recent AIR NO2 PT rounds and the percentage (%) of results submitted which were subsequently determined to be satisfactory based upon a z-score of ± 2 as defin ed above.

AIR PT Round AIR PT AR013

AIR PT AR015

AIR PT AR016

AIR PT AR018

AIR PT AR019

AIR PT AR021

AIR PT AR022

AIR PT AR024

Round conducted in the period

April – May 2016

July –August 2016

September –October

2016

January –February

2017

April – May 2017

July –August 2017

September –October

2017

January –February

2018Aberdeen Scientific Services 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %Cardiff Scientific Services NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3]Edinburgh Scientific Services 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %Environmental Services Group, Didcot [1] 75 % 75 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

Exova (formerly Clyde Analytical) NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3]

Glasgow Scientific Services 100 % 0 % 100 % 100 % 50 % 0 % 100 % 100 %Gradko International [1] 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %Kent Scientific Services NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3]Kirklees MBC 100 % 100 % NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3]Lambeth Scientific Services 100 % 100 % 75 % 100 % NR [2] NR [2] 100 % NR [2]Milton Keynes Council 100 % 100 % 75 % 100 % 75 % 0 % 75 % 100 %Northampton Borough Council 100 % NR [2] 75 % 0 % NR [3] NR [3] NR [3] NR [3]Somerset Scientific Services 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 75 % 100 %South Yorkshire Air Quality Samplers 100 % 75 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %

Staffordshire County Council 75 % 100 % NR [2] 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 50 %Tayside Scientific Services (formerly Dundee CC) NR [2] 100 % NR [2] 100 % NR [2] 100 % NR [2] 100 %

West Yorkshire Analytical Services 100 % NR [2] 50 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 50 %



Bias Adjustment FactorIt is known that there are systematic differences in the performance of different

laboratories and preparation methods of diffusion tubes. Table C.2 shows the

studies that have been used to compare results from diffusion tubes (analysed by

Staffordshire County Council Scientific Services) to results of co-located automatic

chemiluminesence monitors, where data has been collected for 9 months or more.

From these studies it can be seen that the bias adjustment factor (A) of 0.89 has

therefore to be applied (multiplied) to the diffusion tube results for the 2017 data as

shown in Table C.2.



Table C.2 Bias Adjustment Factors for Staffordshire Scientific Services 2017


Tamworth Borough CouncilDistance Correction AdjustmentThe location of the nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes are generally in a relevant

location in terms of human exposure, however,this is not always possible, for

example, where there is no suitable mounting position at the property of interest,

the tube may have to be positioned at a position between the road and the

receptor.

Where a receptor is located at a greater distance from the road than the

monitoring position but the nitrogen dioxide concentration is below the Air Quality

Objective, then it follows that the concentration at the relevant location will similarly

compliant with the Air Quality Objective providing that road traffic is the only

significant source of nitrogen dioxide other than the background concentration.

However where there is an exceedence of the Air Quality Objective at a monitoring

location, or where it is within 90% of the Objective (i.e. >36 µg/m3) then the

guidance in TG16 (clause 7.78) recommends applying a correction for distance to

determine with greater accuracy the likelihood or otherwise of an exceedence at

the receptor.

Table B.1 above shows that there are two monitoring sites that require further

consideration by virtue of them having an annual mean nitrogen dioxide

concentration >36 µg/m3, These are tubes ref Q6S (37.3 µg/m3) and Q6E (38.5

µg/m3).

The LAQM “fall off with distance” calculator has been used which predicts that the

actual concertation at the nearest receptors are 27.5 µg/m3 for Q6S and 25.4

µg/m3 for Q6E, both significantly below the Air Quality Objective of 40 µg/m3. It is

noted that, in the case of tube Q6E, the result must be treated with caution as the

distance is >20m from the monitoring tube but as the kerbside concentration is

below the Air Quality Objective of 40 µg/m3 it is clear that there will be no

exceedence at the receptor.

The calculations using the predictor is shown in Table C.3



Table C.3 Calculation of nitrogen dioxide at nearest receptor to monitoring tubes ref Q6S and Q6E

Q6S distance correction

Q6E distance correction



Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAsFigure D.1 Map showing location of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes


Q3

N11

Q5

Q2

Q6E

Q7

Q6S

Q6NQ6W

Q8

N10

Q9N & Q9S

N3

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the controller of HMSO © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Tamworth Borough Council Licence No. 100018267. (2010)

NB The TAM Q6 site has been moved 10m down the street and is now called TAM Q6S. The sites around the Two Gates crossroads are shown at Figure D.2

Tamworth Borough CouncilFigure D.2 Map showing location of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes in the Former Two Gates Air Quality Management Area


Reproduced from mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

© Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.

Tamworth Borough Council LA 100018267 2010

Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Location around Two Gates, Tamworth


Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in EnglandTable E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England

PollutantAir Quality Objective1

Concentration Measured as

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Particulate Matter (PM10)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 24-hour mean

40 µg/m3 Annual mean

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)



266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 15-minute mean

1 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).



Appendix F: Processes Regulated for Emissions to Air by Tamworth Borough Council under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 as at December 2017Ref No Operator

NameProcess Address Post

CodeProcess Description

Part A2

P01 Forterra Building Products Ltd

Wilnecote Brick, Hedging Lane, Wilnecote B77 5EU

Manufacture of heavy clay goods. (Brickworks)

Part BP03 Envirostrip (GB)

LimitedUnit 11, 12 and 12a Hedging Lane Industrial Estate B77 5HH Ferrous Metal

P04Nationwide Crash Repair Centres Ltd

109B Mariner, Lichfield Road Industrial Estate B79 7UL Respraying of road

vehicles

P05 J V Murcott and Sons Ltd

Borman, Lichfield Road Industrial Estate B79 7TA

Melting Aluminium/Die Casting Process

P06 Leadec Ltd Warwick House, Watling Street, Wilnecote B77 5BH

Metal decontamination by the application of heat

P02 Breedon Southern Ltd Mica Close, Tamworth, B77 4DS Concrete batching

plant

P09 Apollo Chemicals Limited

Sandy Way, Amington Industrial Estate B77 4DS

Manufacture of solvent borne adhesives and solvents

P10Surface Technik (Tamworth) Limited

Ninian Way, Wilnecote B77 5ESShort blasting and anti-corrosion coating

P11Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd

Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd, Bitterscote B78 3HD

Unloading of petrol into stationary storage tanks

P12

William Morrisons Supermarkets Ltd

William Morrison Supermarket Plc, Hilmore Way

B77 2NYUnloading of petrol into stationary storage tanks

P13 Tamworth Service Station

Tamworth Service Station, Upper Gungate B79 7NU


P14 Tesco Stores Ltd Dosthill Service Station, High Street, Dosthill B77 1LE


P15 Fuel Centre Ltd Wilnecote Service Station, Watling Street, Wilnecote B77 5AB


P22/10 Martin McColl Ltd

78 Glascote Rd, Tamworth, B77 2AF B77 2AF




P17Midland Co-operative Society Ltd

Midlands Co-operative Superstore, Brent, Wilnecote B77 5DL


P20 Asda Stores Ltd Ventura Road B78 3HDUnloading of petrol into stationary storage tanks

P21 Stormking Plastics Ltd

Amington Point, Sandy Way, Amington B77 4ED

Processes for the manufacturer of fibre reinforced plastics

P25 Linen Basket Unit 7, The Precinct, Fonteneye Rd, Tamworth B79 2FH Dry Cleaning

P27

Prentice Furniture Manufacturers Ltd

Units 22-23, 2 Gates, Trading Estate, Watling St, 2 Gates Tamworth

B77 5DF Wood Coating Process



Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

… …


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