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BIOLOGYCONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS

Fourth Edition

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor

From PowerPointLectures forBiology: Concepts & Connections

CHAPTER 4A Tour of the Cell

odules !." # !.$

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rtists !re oftenins"ired #$ #io%o$ !nd#io%o$ de"ends on !rt

The "!intins of'!ssi%$ (!ndins)$*+,--.+/001 show the

inf%uence of ce%%u%!rforms

The Art of Looking at Cells

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I%%ustr!tion is !nim"ort!nt w!$ to

re"resent wh!t scientistssee throuh microsco"es

The !n!tomist S!nti!o2!m3n $ C!4!% *+,56.+/701 w!s tr!ined !s !n!rtist

8 9e drew these retin!ner:e ce%%s

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The microsco"e w!s in:ented in the +;thcentur$

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The %iht microsco"e en!#%es us to see theo:er!%% sh!"e !nd structure of ! ce%%

4.1 Microscoes ro!i"e #i$"o#s to the #orl" ofthe cell

%igure !."&

Image seen by viewer

Eyepiece

Ocular

lens

Objective lensSpecimen

Condenser lens

Light source

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E%ectron microsco"es were in:ented in the

+/5>s

The$ use ! #e!m of e%ectrons inste!d of %iht

The re!ter reso%:in "ower of e%ectronmicrosco"es

8 !%%ows re!ter m!nific!tion

8 re:e!%s ce%%u%!r det!i%s

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Sc!nnine%ectron

microsco"e*SE?1

%igure !."B

Sc!nnin

e%ectronmicror!"h ofci%i!

5/19/2018 041 Tour of the Cell

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Tr!nsmissione%ectron

microsco"e*TE?1

%igure !."C

Tr!nsmission

e%ectronmicror!"h ofci%i!

5/19/2018 041 Tour of the Cell

9/19Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Be%ow is ! %ist of the most common units of

%enth #io%oists use *metric1

4.% Cell si&es !'r( #ith their fu$ctio$

'able !.2

5/19/2018 041 Tour of the Cell

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Ce%% si@e !ndsh!"e re%!te

to function

%igure !.2

5/19/2018 041 Tour of the Cell

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t minimum= ! ce%% must #e %!re enouh tohouse the "!rts it needs to sur:i:e !ndre"roduce

The m!Aimum si@e of ! ce%% is %imited #$ the!mount of surf!ce needed to o#t!in nutrientsfrom the en:ironment !nd dis"ose of w!stes

4.) N'tur'l l'#s li*it cell si&e

5/19/2018 041 Tour of the Cell

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sm!%% ce%% h!s ! re!ter r!tio of surf!ce !re!to :o%ume th!n ! %!re ce%% of the s!me sh!"e

30 m 0 m

Sur!ace area

o! one large cube

" #$%00 m&

'otal sur!ace area

o! &( small cubes

" )$&00 m&%igure !.3

5/19/2018 041 Tour of the Cell

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There !re two )inds of ce%%s "ro)!r$otic !ndeu)!r$otic

Pro)!r$otic ce%%s !re sm!%%= re%!ti:e%$ sim"%e

ce%%s8 The$ do not h!:e ! nuc%eus

4.4 Pro+'r(otic cells 're s*'ll '$" structur'll(si*le

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"ro)!r$otic ce%% is enc%osed #$ ! "%!sm!mem#r!ne !nd is usu!%%$ enc!sed in ! riid

ce%% w!%%

8 The ce%% w!%%m!$ #e

co:ered #$ !stic)$ c!"su%e

*ibosomes

%igure !.!

Capsule

Cell wall

+lasma

membrane

+ro,aryotic

!lagella

-ucleoid region

./-1+ili

8 Inside the ce%%

!re its N!nd other "!rts

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%% other %ife forms !re m!de u" of one or moreeu)!r$otic ce%%s

These !re %!rer !nd more com"%eA th!n

"ro)!r$otic ce%%s

Eu)!r$otes !re distinuished #$ the "resence of! true nuc%eus

4., Eu+'r(otic cells 're 'rtitio$e" i$to fu$ctio$'lco*'rt*e$ts

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n !nim!% ce%%

+lasma membrane

%igure !.$&

2olgiapparatus

*ibosomes

-ucleusSmooth

endoplasmic

reticulum*oughendoplasmic

reticulum

itochondrion

-ot in most

plant cells

Cytos,eleton

4lagellum

Lysosome

Centriole

+ero5isome

icrotubule

Intermediate

!ilament

icro!ilament

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The "%!sm! mem#r!ne contro%s the ce%%Ds

cont!ct with the en:ironment

The c$to"%!sm cont!ins or!ne%%es

?!n$ or!ne%%es h!:e mem#r!nes !s#ound!ries

8 These com"!rtment!%i@e the interior of the ce%%

8 This !%%ows the ce%% to c!rr$ out ! :!riet$ of!cti:ities simu%t!neous%$

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"%!nt ce%% h!s some structures th!t !n !nim!%

ce%% %!c)s

8 Ch%oro"%!sts

8 riid ce%% w!%%

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%igure !.$B

-ucleus

2olgi

apparatus

-ot in

animal

cells

Centralvacuole

Chloroplast

Cell wall

itochondrion

+ero5isome

+lasma membrane

*ough

endoplasmic

reticulum

*ibosomes

Smooth

endoplasmic

reticulum

Cytos,eleton

icrotubule

Intermediate

!ilament

icro!ilament