24. radio communication & messages

8/9/2019 24. Radio Communication & Messages

1/29

Radio CommunicationsRadio Communications


2/29


3/29

Very High Frequency (VHF)Very High Frequency (VHF)

Frekuensi yang dikhaskan dari MCMCFrekuensi yang dikhaskan dari MCMC

Dua frekuensi Duplex untuk kegunaan repeater Dua frekuensi Duplex untuk kegunaan repeater

PENMEC 1PENMEC 1PENMEC 2PENMEC 2

Empat frekuensi Simplex untuk point-to-pointEmpat frekuensi Simplex untuk point-to-point

PENMEC 5PENMEC 5 hinggahingga PENMEC 8PENMEC 8

Frekuensi VHF boleh mencapai jarak sehingga 10 km radiusFrekuensi VHF boleh mencapai jarak sehingga 10 km radius

dengan point-to-point dengan kuasa 30 Wdengan point-to-point dengan kuasa 30 W

Dengan adanya repeater, jarak melebihi 100 km bolehDengan adanya repeater, jarak melebihi 100 km bolehdicapaidicapai

Kuasa penembusan yang lemahKuasa penembusan yang lemah


4/29

Frequency Bandwidth Name Uses

30 300 kHz Low freq Navigation, beacons

300k 3 MHz Med freq AM radio, cordless phone, ATC

3 30 MHz High freq (HF) Army, Navy, Maritime, Amateur

30 300 MHz Very High Freq (VHF) FM Radio, TV Channels, PEARL

300 3000 Mhz Ultra High Freq (UHF) TV Channels, Cellular phones


5/29


6/29

PEARL


7/29

How to callHow to callBasic Call signsBasic Call signs

Call Message StructureCall Message StructureRadio EtiquetteRadio Etiquette

When to callWhen to call

Common Codes in useCommon Codes in useRoutine checksRoutine checks

ScenariosScenarios


8/29

Using your radio setUsing your radio setThis is not a hand-phoneThis is not a hand-phoneOpen channel communicationsOpen channel communications

Must identify clearly both callersMust identify clearly both callers

Only one person can talk at the sameOnly one person can talk at the sametimetime

Wait for your turnWait for your turnPass-over when you finish by saying OverPass-over when you finish by saying Over

Limited time per messageLimited time per messageNo need for unnecessary pleasantriesNo need for unnecessary pleasantries

Weak signals and interferenceWeak signals and interferenceSpeak slowly and clearlySpeak slowly and clearlyInform Readability (Q) and Signal StrengthInform Readability (Q) and Signal Strength

(bar)(bar)


9/29

Procedure Using your radio setProcedure Using your radio set

Listen first to make sure that no one else isListen first to make sure that no one else istalking (for at least 2 seconds)talking (for at least 2 seconds)

Press down the PTT (push-to-talk) button andPress down the PTT (push-to-talk) button andkeep it depressedkeep it depressed

Wait for the beep soundWait for the beep sound

Start your messageStart your messageAt the end of your message, say Over andAt the end of your message, say Over andrelease the PTT buttonrelease the PTT button


10/29

Good Radio HabitsGood Radio Habits

Wait to see if someone else in talkingWait to see if someone else in talking

Talk slowly and clearlyTalk slowly and clearlyDo not use unnecessary codes or short-Do not use unnecessary codes or short-formsforms

Use proper international codesUse proper international codesPlan your message, if possiblePlan your message, if possible

Keep your conversations shortKeep your conversations short


11/29

Basic Call Signs (PEARL network)Basic Call Signs (PEARL network)

BaseBasePenang BasePenang BaseSeberang BaseSeberang Base

BM BaseBM BaseBakap BaseBakap BaseBalik Pulau BaseBalik Pulau BaseKepala Batas BaseKepala Batas Base

St John BaseSt John BaseRed Crescent BaseRed Crescent Base991 - ??991 - ??Site ControlSite Control

AmbulanceAmbulancePenang 1, 2, 3, 4Penang 1, 2, 3, 4Seberang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Seberang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

BM 1, 2, 3, 4BM 1, 2, 3, 4Bakap 1, 2, 3Bakap 1, 2, 3Balik Pulau 1, 2, 3Balik Pulau 1, 2, 3Kepala BatasKepala Batas

St John 1, 2St John 1, 2


12/29

Call Message StructureCall Message Structure

All messages should start by calling theAll messages should start by calling theCALL-SIGN of intended receiver twiceCALL-SIGN of intended receiver twiceThis should be followed by the CALL-SIGN of This should be followed by the CALL-SIGN of

caller oncecaller onceAt the start of each message component, theAt the start of each message component, thesequence of call-signs [receiver caller]sequence of call-signs [receiver caller]should be delivered followed by the messageshould be delivered followed by the message

All message components should end withAll message components should end withOverOverThe end of the conversation should end withThe end of the conversation should end withthe initial caller saying Over and Outthe initial caller saying Over and Out


13/29

Common use phrasesCommon use phrases

Over / Over and OutOver / Over and OutIndicate end of message so that other person canIndicate end of message so that other person canstartstartRelease PTT buttonRelease PTT buttonNormal etiquette Out is said by the initial caller Normal etiquette Out is said by the initial caller

Roger / CopyRoger / CopyMeans I understandMeans I understand

Copy usually followed by repeating the informationCopy usually followed by repeating the informationStandbyStandby

Please wait for a whilePlease wait for a while


14/29


15/29


16/29

Base / Controller commandsBase / Controller commands

Report inReport inReport in if you hear this message with informationReport in if you hear this message with informationon location, direction, function, information andon location, direction, function, information andrequirementsrequirements

[Seberang 3, Seberang 3. Seberang Base. Report[Seberang 3, Seberang 3. Seberang Base. Reportin.]in.][Seberang Base, Seberang 3. Kami di Penang[Seberang Base, Seberang 3. Kami di PenangBridge, menuju ke Penang Hospital. Pesakit MVABridge, menuju ke Penang Hospital. Pesakit MVAHead Injury ETA 15 minit]Head Injury ETA 15 minit]

Radio SilenceRadio SilenceKeep quiet (ie do not transmit unless specificallyKeep quiet (ie do not transmit unless specificallyasked to by PENMEC Control) for one minuteasked to by PENMEC Control) for one minute[All units, All units. This is PENMEC Control. Radio[All units, All units. This is PENMEC Control. Radiosilence One Minute]silence One Minute]


17/29

Common use phrasesCommon use phrases

Location / LokasiLocation / LokasiState location [road, landmark] and directionState location [road, landmark] and directionheadedheaded

[Penang 2, Penang 2, Penang Base. Apa lokasi[Penang 2, Penang 2, Penang Base. Apa lokasianda]anda][Penang Base, Penang 2. Kami di Green Lane[Penang Base, Penang 2. Kami di Green Laneperjalanan ke Bayan Baru]perjalanan ke Bayan Baru]

SignalSignalState location and ask for signal readabilityState location and ask for signal readability[Penang Base, Penang Base, Penang 2. Kami di[Penang Base, Penang Base, Penang 2. Kami diKebun Bunga. Apa signal kami]Kebun Bunga. Apa signal kami][Penang 2, Penang Base. Signal clear Q4][Penang 2, Penang Base. Signal clear Q4]


18/29

Multiple receivers Call to respondMultiple receivers Call to respond

Call for multiple receivers can be made fromCall for multiple receivers can be made frombases or controllers / chiefs, by calling tobases or controllers / chiefs, by calling torespondrespondExamples (1)Examples (1)

[All BM units, All BM units, this is BM Base.][All BM units, All BM units, this is BM Base.][BM Base, BM Base, this is BM Dua on the[BM Base, BM Base, this is BM Dua on thePenang Bridge on the way to Penang Hospital]Penang Bridge on the way to Penang Hospital][BM Base, BM Base, ini BM Tiga hampir sampai[BM Base, BM Base, ini BM Tiga hampir sampaibalik ke BM Base]balik ke BM Base]

Examples (2)Examples (2)[All units, all units, this is PENMEC Control.[All units, all units, this is PENMEC Control.Please switch to PENMEC 5]Please switch to PENMEC 5][PENMEC Control, PENMEC Control, this is[PENMEC Control, PENMEC Control, this isSeberang Two. Roger switching to PENMEC 5]Seberang Two. Roger switching to PENMEC 5]


19/29

Emergency CallsEmergency Calls

Mayday, MaydayMayday, MaydayInternational Distress CallInternational Distress CallGiven when in distress (risk of personal injury) or Given when in distress (risk of personal injury) or significant threat of harmsignificant threat of harmGive location and threatGive location and threat[Mayday, Mayday. Penang 3 terbabas. Penang 3[Mayday, Mayday. Penang 3 terbabas. Penang 3terbabas]terbabas]All units who receive this signal are obliged toAll units who receive this signal are obliged torespondrespond


20/29

Interrupting a conversationInterrupting a conversation

It is considered rude to interrupt a conversation;It is considered rude to interrupt a conversation;so interruptions will only be allowed inso interruptions will only be allowed inemergenciesemergencies

Please announce Please announce Breaker, breaker Breaker, breaker to signal to signalyou are in an emergency and would like toyou are in an emergency and would like tointerrupt the conversationinterrupt the conversation

Please allow all emergency interruptions toPlease allow all emergency interruptions toproceed especially if controller / chief interruptsproceed especially if controller / chief interrupts


21/29

Daily TIME and RADIO CheckDaily TIME and RADIO Check

Every morning, PENMEC Control will initiate theEvery morning, PENMEC Control will initiate the TIMETIMEand RADIO checkand RADIO check

Objective:Objective: Synchronize TIMESynchronize TIMECheck RADIO signalCheck RADIO signal

This will be daily routine check for all bases (govt andThis will be daily routine check for all bases (govt andNGO)NGO)

[All Bases, All Bases. This is PENMEC Control. Time[All Bases, All Bases. This is PENMEC Control. TimeCheck is 0835 hours. How do you receive]Check is 0835 hours. How do you receive]

[PENMEC Control. Seberang Base. Time 0835. Signal[PENMEC Control. Seberang Base. Time 0835. Signalclear Q5]clear Q5]

[PENMEC Control. Balik Pulau Base. Time 0835. Signal[PENMEC Control. Balik Pulau Base. Time 0835. Signalclear Q4]clear Q4]


22/29

Readability (Q) and Signal StrengthReadability (Q) and Signal Strength

Readability (Q)Readability (Q)

Q5Q5 Jelas, tanpa interference (noise)Jelas, tanpa interference (noise)Q4Q4 Jelas, sedikit interferenceJelas, sedikit interference

Q3Q3 Jelas, interference berterusanJelas, interference berterusan

Q2Q2 Tidak jelas, tidak diterimaTidak jelas, tidak diterima

Q1Q1 Bunyi interference sahajaBunyi interference sahaja

Signal StrengthSignal Strength(bar)(bar)

5 bar 5 bar 4 bar 4 bar 3 bar 3 bar

2 bar 2 bar 1 bar 1 bar


23/29

PENMEC ControlPENMEC Control

Overall controller of the PEARL NetworkOverall controller of the PEARL Network

Assume function only during daily TIME andAssume function only during daily TIME andRADIO checkRADIO check

Main function during disasters and multi-Main function during disasters and multi-agency activationagency activation

Based from theBased from the Crisis Operations Centre,Crisis Operations Centre,Hospital Pulau PinangHospital Pulau PinangMain Controller during EmergencyMain Controller during EmergencyOperations in DisastersOperations in Disasters


24/29

Site ControlSite Control

Mobile Base unit set up for the purpose of Mobile Base unit set up for the purpose of controlling communications at the site of controlling communications at the site of disaster or medical team operationsdisaster or medical team operations

Will coordinate function with PENMECWill coordinate function with PENMECControl from the site of incidentControl from the site of incident

[All St John units. All St John units. This is[All St John units. All St John units. This isSite Control. Please switch to PENMEC 8]Site Control. Please switch to PENMEC 8]

[Site Control. St John 1. Copy. Switching to[Site Control. St John 1. Copy. Switching toPENMEC 8 now]PENMEC 8 now]

[Site Control. St John 1. On PENMEC 8 now][Site Control. St John 1. On PENMEC 8 now]


25/29

When to communicateWhen to communicateAmbulance UnitsAmbulance Units

1.1. When you leave the hospital for a callWhen you leave the hospital for a call2.2. When you have arrived at the patientWhen you have arrived at the patient3.3. When youve almost reached hospital with a critical caseWhen youve almost reached hospital with a critical case4.4. When you need help / directions from the call centreWhen you need help / directions from the call centre

5.5. When arrive at receiving hospital / departing for homeWhen arrive at receiving hospital / departing for home

Base UnitsBase Units1.1. Daily TIME and RADIO Check with PENMEC ControlDaily TIME and RADIO Check with PENMEC Control2.2. Inform receiving base about in-coming critical caseInform receiving base about in-coming critical case3.3. Find out report about ambulance unitsFind out report about ambulance units4.4. Request units to switch channelsRequest units to switch channels


26/29

Communication ScenariosCommunication Scenarios

Normal ambulance function emergency callNormal ambulance function emergency call

Normal ambulance function inter-hospitalNormal ambulance function inter-hospital

referralreferralAmbulance unable to find locationAmbulance unable to find location

Need for medical directionNeed for medical direction

Medical standbyMedical standby

Mass casualty incidentMass casualty incident


27/29


28/29


29/29

24. radio communication & messages

Documents