THE WORLD OF EUROPEAN CULTURE

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MANNERISM

An artistic movement that immerged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530s

Its marked the end of the renaissance by breaking down the principles of harmony, balance and moderation

Spread from Italy to all parts of Europe It reached its high point with the work of “ El

Greco” El Greco- found no success with his work in Italy

due to his criticism of Michelangelo, so moved to Spain and found success there

His work reflected the religious turmoil of the time

The Baroque Period

Movement that replaced Mannerism in the end of the 16th century and spread quickly

Seen in Catholic buildings such as in Vienna, Prague, Brussels and Madrid

Brought together renaissance art and spiritual feelings – and displayed a search for power

A great figure of this period is Gian Lorenzo Bernini- who made the “Throne of Saint Peter”

Artemisia Gentileschi- first women to be elected to the Florentine Academy of Design

Peter Paul Rubens- artist, diplomat and scholar in Flanders best known for depicting human form in action

England’s Shakespeare

Known as the Elizabethan era Drama and art expressed energy of

the era The Elizabethan theaters were very

successful business These theaters were made to be

enjoyed by the poor and rich William Shakespeare -was a very

famous play composer of the time, and viewed as a universal genius

Spain’s Cervantes and Vega The “ Don Quixote” was a crowning

achievement by Miguel de Cervantes Readers of this story are left with the

convection that both visionary dreams and hard work of reality are necessary to the human condition

Theaters in Spain were the most creative forms of expression in Spain’s golden era

Standards for playwrights were set by Lope de Vega

He wrote over 1500 plays

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote the “Leviathan”- a wrote of political thought to try to deal with problems of disorder in England due to the revolutionary upheavals

He believed in absolute power and believed also that order should be kept in society

John Locke

Made the “ Two Treatises of Government” which appeared in 1690

Believed that before modernization humans were all equal and free

He also believed that the government had the obligation to help its people and for its people to help the government

These ideas were used to support demands of constitutional government, the rule of law and the protection of rights

He also believed in natural rights, these rights were rights which all humans were born with

These rules can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the U.S Constitution