Ancient Rome

Tiber RiverAriverIn Italy

Italian Peninsula

An arm of land

surrounded by the

Mediterranean,

Tyrrhenian, and

Adriatic seas –

the country of Italy

Mediterranean Sea

A large body of water bordered by Europe, Asia, and Africa

RomeA city near the middle of the western coast of Italy *center of a great empire In Italy

Tarquin

c. 510 B.C. Etruscan leader and the last king of Rome

This is an

Etruscan helmet.

Junius Brutus

Sixth century B.C.

Ancient Roman leader

who, with his supporters,

forced the Etruscans

out of Rome

aqueduct

a high arched

structure built

to carry water

over long

distances

Etruscans

People that developed a

culture on the Italian

peninsula before the

Romans

Pompeii

A city in Italy that was buried by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius

Carthage

An important Phoenician trading post in North Africa*Rome’s

enemy

Rome

A city that was the

former center of both

the ancient

Roman Republic

and Roman Empire

Regulus

c. 250 B.C. Ancient Roman general who was defeated & captured in a war between Rome and Carthage

This is Regulus on an

ancient Roman coin.

Hannibal

247 B.C. – 183 B.C.

Carthaginian general

who launched

an invasion

on the Romans

from Spain

by crossing

the Alps.

Scipio

c. 185 – 129 B.C. ancient

Roman general who

attacked Carthage &

forced Hannibal to

retreat from Rome

Julius Julius CaesarCaesar100 B.C. – 44 B.C.

Ancient Roman general

whose murder led to the end of the Roman

Republic He made himself

dictator in 45 B.C.

A wealthy,

powerful

citizen

of ancient

Rome.

plebeian

A

common citizen

of ancient Rome

Patrician and the Plebeian

RepublicA form

of government

in which citizens

have the right

to choose

their leaders.

A person

elected

to represent

the people.

ConsulConsulIn ancient

Rome,

one of two officials

who managed the

government

and the army.

Dictator

A person

who has

total control

over the people.

TribuneIn ancient Rome,

men who were

appointed

to protect

the rights

of the plebeians.

patriotism

A sense of pride in one’s own country

caesar

An ancient Roman emperor

This is the

emperor

Constantine.

Appia

n WayA famous ancient

A famous ancient

Roman road.

Roman road.

Carthage and Rome fought each other three times. These three wars became known as The Punic Wars. Altogether,

they lasted nearly 120 years and the Romans won all three.

ColesseumA

famous

Romanarena

63 B.C. – A.D. 14

Ancient Roman emperor

whose rule began

a long period

of prosperity and peace

called the Pax Romana,

or “the Roman Peace,”

for the Roman Empire.

Claudius

10 B.C. – A.D. 54 Ancient

Roman emperor

after Caligula who

tried to improve

conditions in the Empire

Caligula

A.D. 12-41 cruel ancient

Roman emperor who

was assassinated by

members of

his bodyguard

37-68

Ancient

Roman

Emperor

upon whose

death

civil war

broke

out.

121-180 Ancient Roman philosopher, general, and emperor who was perhaps the greatest of Rome’s

“Five Good Emperors.”

Seneca

A Roman writer disgusted

by the brutality of the

gladiator events

Emperor

The ruler of an empire.

GladiatorIn ancient

Rome,

a

professional

fighter.

Pax Romana“Roman Peace,”

a time when

ancient Rome

was prosperous

and peaceful.

Palestine

A Roman province

on the

eastern coast

of the

Mediterranean Sea.

Nazareth

A city

in ancient Palestine

and the

home of Jesus.

Peter

died c. A.D. 67

Disciple of Jesus

who helped spread

his teachings

throughout the

Roman Empire

Paul

died c. A.D. 68

Disciple of Jesus who

helped spread his

teachings throughout

the Roman Empire

Jesus A young

Jewish man

who taught

in Palestine

and founded

Christianity.

Constantine275-337

Roman emperor

who made Christianity

equal to all other religions

in Rome and reunited

the Roman Empire

after Diocletian

had divided

it into two parts.

Theodosius

Ancient RomanEmperorwho made Christianity Rome’s officialreligion in 380.

catacomb

An underground room used as a burial site

Synagogue

A Jewish place of worship.

DiscipleOne of a small group

of people who followed Jesus.

persecute

To punish

At first,

Christians were

persecuted

for their beliefs.

Christianity

The monotheistic religion based on the life, and death of Jesus.

New Testament

The part

of the

Christian

Bible that

Contains

the

Gospels.

Gospels

In Christianity, the four books of the Bible known as the New Testament

Apostle

One of the twelve disciples chosen

by Jesus to help him

preach and spread the Word of God.

Messiah

In Judaism, a leader sent by God; in Christianity, the Savior, Jesus, God

in human form.

LESSON 5

Byzantium

An old Greek city, renamed Constantinople, that became the center of the Byzantine Empire (present day-Istanbul)

Constantinople

The capital of the Byzantine Empire

Commodus

161-192 ancient Roman Emperor who succeeded his father, Marcus Aurelius, and began the decline of the Roman Empire

Diocletian

c. 245-316 Ancient Roman emperor who restored and strengthened the economy of the Roman Empire by dividing it into two parts, the Eastern and Western

Romulus Augustus

c. 464 - ?

Last Emperor of the

Western Roman

Empire in A.D. 476

at the age of twelve

and reigned for only

eleven months

auction

To sell something to the highest bidder

pope

The leader of the Roman Catholic Church

This is

Pope Benedict XVI.

pillage

To rob

vandal

A person who destroys property

Byzantine Empire

An empire of lands formally part of the Roman

Empire with

its center

at

Constantinople

Byzantine Orthodox Church

The early Christian Church in the Eastern Roman Empire of which the emperor was the head

Roman Catholic Church

The early Christian Church in the Western Roman Empire of which the Pope was the head