ASER PakistanA citizen led initiative

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LaunchFebruary 4, 2013

ASER PAKISTAN 2010-2015• Citizen led large scale national household

survey (3-16)

• Quality of education in rural and some urban areas (5-16)

• Seeks to provide evidence on learning and access gaps

• Influence National & Provincial policy and actions for RTE.

• Provides information for tracking trends and MDG/EFA Targets up to 2015

• Influence Goal Setting for Post-2015 Agenda

Section I: Scale of Survey

ASER 2012 – SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION

• 23 Districts• 14122 Households

• 1090 Schools

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

• 9 agencies• 5375 Households• 313 Schools

FATA

Section II: Access (Schooling)

ASER Survey Sheets

Access

Enrollment

KPK FATA0

102030405060708090

100

35 34

65 66

Enrolled Out of School

Early Childhood Enrolment 2012

Pre-School Enrollment (3-5 Years) – Rural

Enrollment of children of 3 – 5

years 35% in KPK and 34% in FATA in 2012.

63% of pre-schoolers go to Government schools in KP

78% of pre-primary age children in FATA are enrolled in government schools.

Children in Pre School (3-5)KPK Rural & FATA

Tor Ghar, Upper Dir, Shangla and Chitral have the highest number of out-of-school children

Enrollment KPK and FATA (6-16 years) 84% of 6-16 year olds in rural

districts are enrolled in schools

69% enrollment in KPK and 75% in FATA is in Govt. schools.

16% of children in KPK and 25% in FATA are out of school

1 6out of every

Children in KPK is Out-of-School (Rural)

KPK FATA0

102030405060708090

10084

75

1625

Enrolled Out of School

Enrollment of Children (6-16)

Out-of-School children (6-16)- KPK (Rural) & FATA

FR Bannu and Tor Ghar have the highest number of out-of-school children (6-16) Rural

District ranking KPK- ‘Out of school’ Children.

Bild durch Klicken auf Symbol hinzufügen

Bild durch Klicken auf Symbol hinzufügen

Bild durch Klicken auf Symbol hinzufügen

Tor Ghar and D I Khan have the highest number of out-of-school children

Gender Comparison: Out of School Children (6-16 years) There are more Girls out of school than boys (Rural) The number of out of school children in KP and FATA is almost the same.

Higher percentage of girls than boys are out-of-school in urban KPK.

FATA

2011* 201205

101520253035404550

10 1115 15

Out-of-school children by gender6 to 16 years

Boys Girls

% C

hild

ren

2011* 201205

101520253035404550

10 1115 15

Out-of-school children by gender6 to 16 years

Boys Girls

% C

hild

ren

KPK (Rural)

Class Wise Enrollment Enrollment decreases sharply as class level increases

KPK Rural

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

183

20

3

Class-wise enrollment2011* 2012

Class

% C

hild

ren

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

14

5

14 6

Class-wise enrollment2011* 2012

Class

% C

hild

ren

FATA Rural

Section III: Quality

ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade IIASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories• Reading

Urdu Sindhi Pashto

• Arithmetic abilities• English

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

10

25 34

49 17 32

46 55

Children who can read story Urdu/Pashto

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels – Urdu/Pashto

Language Learning levels for KPK class 4 have increased by 11% since 2011KPK Rural : 57% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 story

FATA: 54% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 Story

Learning Levels (Urdu/Pashto) improved overall from last year

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

12 20

32 44

21 31 43

58

Children who can read storyUrdu/Pashto

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

FATAKhyber Pakhtunkhwa

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

13 23

36 47 22 35

47 62

Children who can read English sentences

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels - English

KPK: 53% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentencesFATA: 50% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences

English Learning levels for KPK class 4 have improved by 11% since 2011

FATAKhyber Pakhtunkhwa

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

12 25

34

51 21

34

50 58

Children who can read English sen-tences

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

10 19

29 40 19

31 44

57

Children who can do division2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels - Arithmetic

KPK: 56% of Class 5 students cannot do division FATA: 58% of Class 5 students cannot do division

Arithmetic Learning levels for KPK class 4 have improved by 15% since 2011

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa FATA

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

7 17

28

46 17

30 42

53

Children who can do division2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning levels KPK – Boys vs. Girls (5-16 Years)

Girls are behind boys by 15% in Arithmetic

Learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Rural

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

3853

Learning levels by gender Arithmetic

Who can at least do subtraction

% C

hild

rern

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

4358

Learning levels by gender English

Who can read at least words

% C

hild

ren

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

3750

Learning levels by genderUrdu

Who can read at least sen-tences

% C

hild

ren

Learning levels FATA – Boys vs. Girls (5-16 Years)

Girls are behind boys by 20% in Urdu/Pashto

Learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Rural

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

19

39

Learning levels by genderUrdu/Pashto

Who can read at least sentences

% C

hild

ren

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

21

41

Learning levels by gender Arithmetic

Who can at least do subtraction

% C

hild

rern

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

26

48

Learning levels by gender English

Who can read at least words

% C

hild

ren

020406080

100

45 44 4260 59 51

Learning levels by school typeArithmeticGovernment Private

% C

hild

ren

020406080

100

4556

4463 68

56

Learning levels by school typeEnglish

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Class 1: Can read at least letters

Class 3: Can read at least sentences

Class 5: Can read at least story

020406080

10075

40 40

85

55 52

Learning levels by school type UrduGovernment Private

% C

hild

ren

Learning levels KPK – Public vs. Private

60% children in government and 48% children in private schools in class 5 cannot read class 2 Urdu/Pashto.

66% of the children in Government schools and 44% of children in private schools cannot read English sentences.

Private school students are performing better than government school students.

Class 1: Can recog-nize at least numbers

(10-99)

Class 3: Can at least do subtraction

Class 5: Can at least do division

0

20

40

60

80

100

46 40 35

6961 59

Learning levels by school typeArithmetic

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Class 1: Can read at least small letters

Class 3: Can read at least words

Class 5: Can read at least sentences

0

20

40

60

80

100

4351

40

70 76 73

Learning levels by school typeEnglish

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Class 1: Can read at least letters

Class 3: Can read at least sentences

Class 5: Can read at least story

0

20

40

60

80

10074

38 38

93

5564

Learning levels by school type Urdu/Pashto

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Learning levels FATA – Public vs. Private

62% children in government and 36% children in private schools in class 5 cannot read class 2 Urdu/Pashto.

65% of the children in Government schools and 41% of children in private schools cannot read English sentences.

Private school students are performing better than government school students.

Additional learning support – Paid Tuition Children in Urban areas are more likely to take paid tuition:

KPK FATA

2% Government and 19% Private enrolled children take tuition in KPK Rural .

1% Government and 14% Private enrolled children take tuition in FATA

Paid private tuition trend is higher in private schools.

2011* 20120

20

40

60

80

100

3 2

23 19

Children attending paid tuition

Government schools Private schools

% C

hild

ren

2011* 20120

20

40

60

80

100

24

1

47

14

Children attending paid tuition

Government schools

% C

hild

ren

Section IV: School Attendance & Facilities

KPK Attendance (%) on the day of visitGovernment schools Private schools

Primary Elementary High Others Overall Primary Elementary High Others Overall

Children attendance 85.3 74.8 86.2 86.1 85.2 86.0 87.3 87.5 83.0 87.1

Teacher attendance 87.7 85.8 89.1 83.4 86.5 84.7 90.5 88.4 77.3 88.1

Attendance - Students and Teachers

Rural: 15% children in government school and 13% in Private schools were absent from school Rural: 13% and 12% teachers in private and government schools respectively were found to be absent FATA Attendance (%) on the day of visit

Government schools Private schoolsPrimary Elementary High Others Overall Primary Elementary High Others Overall

Children attendance 83.0 83.0 83.1 89.7 83.2 94.5 89.1 90.8 - 90.5

Teacher attendance 91.3 85.1 94.7 92.9 91.2 84.5 82.2 84.6 - 84.0

17% children in government school and 9% in Private schools were absent from school 9% and 14% teachers in private and government schools respectively were found to be absent

Multi-grade Classes - Rural

Class 2 Class 80

20

40

60

80

100

45

1416 16

Multi grade teachingGovernment Private

% S

choo

ls

Class 2 Class 80

20

40

60

80

100

35

1622

3

Multi grade teaching

Government Private

% S

choo

ls

KPK FATA

• 16% grade 8 students in private schools and 14% grade 8 students in government schools sit with other classes in KPK.

• In FATA, 35% students in government schools and 22% in Private schools of grade 2 sit with other classes.

Toilet Water Toilet WaterGovernment Private

0

20

40

60

80

100

25 28 33

100

3345 40

67

Water and toilet facility in primary schools

2011 2012

% P

rimar

y sc

hool

s

Toilet Water Toilet WaterGovernment Private

020406080

100

52 59

81 85

60 64

86 87

Water and toilet facility in primary schools

2011 2012

% P

rimar

y sc

hool

sBasic Facilities – Improved but not Sufficient

40% primary government schools in KPK still do not have useable water33% primary government schools in FATA still do not have toilet facilities

Private schools outperform government schools in terms of basic facilities but there is improvement overall.

KPK FATA

Section V: Other dimensions that influence teaching and learning

Mother tongue/ Home Language• ASER 2012 survey findings revealed that 14 different

languages were used in the surveyed households of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

• Four languages used commonly were

• Pashto (77%),

• Hindko (11%)

• Siraiki (3.5%) and

• Chitrali (3%)

Other (5.5%)Other Languages included : URDU, PAHARI, GUJRATI, KHOWAR, SINDHI, TORWALI,

YATGHA, PUNJABI, PERSIAN, KOHISTANI, ENGLISH

Households’ preferred medium of instruction in school

• Each household surveyed was also asked their preferred medium of instruction for their children in schools.

• 39% percent of the households in KPK and 30% in FATA preferred Urdu as the medium of instruction in schools.

• Home language was preferred by a major proportion of 45% households in KPK and 60% surveyed households in FATA.

English16%

Urdu39%

Home language

45%

The most preferred language for medium of instruction was Home Language.

English11%

Urdu30%

Home language60%

KPK FATA

Medium of instruction in schools

Children in public schools reported:• Urdu 66%, • Pashto 30% • English 3%

English Urdu Pashto0

20

40

60

80

100

3

66

30

70

23

7

Medium of instruction in schools

Government Private

KPK

English Urdu Pashto0

20

40

60

80

100

2

80

17

86

122

Medium of instruction in schoolsGovernment Private

%Sc

hool

FATA

Parental Education

KPK Rural FATA

KPK: 21% mothers vs.52% fathers have completed primary education.

FATA: Only 4% of mothers vs. 36% fathers have completed primary education

Higher proportion of parents have not completed even primary education in rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as compared to urban Khyber Pakhtunkhwa .

Mothers Fathers0

20

40

60

80

100

21

52

Parents having at least primary schooling

% P

aren

ts

Mothers Fathers0

20

40

60

80

100

4

36

Parents having at least primary schooling

% P

aren

ts

Section VI: How far have we come on RTE compliance?

How can ASER 2012 inform the planning, drafting, resourcing and implementation of 25-A?

ASER can help assess education with respect to :QualityAccessEquity

Planning according to district based assessment – generating District Report Cards (DRCs) linked to the Roadmap to Reforms and/or Sector Plans of the Provincial Governments .

Holding ASER Baithaks in ASER survey villages, parents, communities with parliamentarians and political holding ALL to account for ACTION!

Use of ASER data and teams for focusing on gender & the excluded groups

Forming District RTE Vigilante Committees mobilizing coalitions, teachers, youth, media and bar associations.

Action to RTE 25 A Implementation• Milestone achievement: “The Right to Free and Compulsory

Education Act 2012” - challenge is tracking implementation• ASER data to help in drafting of RTE Acts & using ASER

data for continued advocacy on Right to Education (RTE) 25 A

• Each province has district by district data for addressing gaps in access, quality, equity/gender and financing

• Continued Dialogues with Parliamentarians and Politicians in 2013 for elections, manifestoes and actionable steps that can be tracked

• Linking the ASER information to national data and GMR /UN Human Development Reports /others in the run up to 2015 & post 2015 debates

ASER 2012 Supporters & Partners

Thank You

www.aserpakistan.orgASER-PakistanASERPAKISTAN

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