ASER PakistanA citizen led initiative

Punjab Launch

ASER 2012 Supporters & Partners

ASER PAKISTAN 2010-2015• Citizen led large scale national household

survey (3-16)

• Quality of education in rural and some urban areas (5-16)

• Seeks to provide evidence on learning and access gaps

• Influence National & Provincial policy and actions for RTE.

• Provides information for tracking trends and MDG/EFA Targets up to 2015

• Influence Goal Setting for Post-2015 Agenda

ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade IIASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories• Reading

Urdu Sindhi Pashto

• Arithmetic abilities• English

ASER Survey Sheets

Section I: Scale of Survey

ASER Outreach over the last 3 years• 2010 – 32 districts• 2011 – 85 districts• 2012 – 142 districts

ASER 2012 – SAMPLE DISTRIBUTIONChildren (3-16 Years) Schools

Province Districts Covered

Villages/ Blocks

House Hold Female Male Total Mothers Gov. Pvt. Total

Rural

Punjab 36 1,074 21,478 25,709 33,234 58,943 20,908 1,066 690 1,756

National (Rural) 136 4,033 80,209 101,236 143,241 244,477 81,417 3,934 1,660 5,594

Urban

Punjab 2 60 718 900 1,071 1,971 716 58 52 110

National (Urban) 6 193 2,312 2,930 4,037 6,967 2,329 183 167 350

National (Rural + Urban) 142 4,226 82,521 104,166 147,278 251,444 83,746 4,117 1,827 5,944

Punjab (Rural + Urban) 38 1,134 22,196 26,609 34,305 60,914 21,624 1,124 742 1,866

Section II: Access (Schooling)

Pre-School Enrollment (3-5 Years) – Rural

Enrollment of children of 3 – 5

years 51% in 2012

Enrollment highest in Urban 55% compared to Rural 51%

% Children who attend different types of pre-schools

Age group Govt.

Non-state providersOut-of-school Total

Pvt. Madrasah Others

3 7.2 6.2 0.3 0.2 86.1 100

4 28.6 21.1 0.9 0.9 48.5 100

5 45.9 30.4 1.1 0.8 21.8 100

3-5 29.1 20.3 0.8 0.6 49.2 100

Total 50.8 49.2 100By

type 57.3 39.9 1.6 1.2

57% of pre-primary age children are enrolled in government schools.

Children in Pre School (3-5)Rural

Sialkot and Bhakhar has the highest number of out-of-school children

Enrollment (6-16 years) – Rural 84% of 6-16 year olds in rural

districts are enrolled in schools 67% enrollment in Govt. schools 33% Rural children enrolled in

private/ non-state sector 16% of children are out-of-school

Enrollment highest in Urban 92% compared to Rural 84%

% Children in different types of schools % Out-of-school

TotalAge group Govt.

Non-state providersNever

enrolledDrop-outPvt. Madrasah Others

6-10 57.4 29.6 1.4 1.1 8.2 2.2 100

11-13 59.5 22.5 1.3 0.9 7.3 8.5 100

14-16 51.5 17.4 1.1 0.4 11.1 18.5 100

6-16 56.7 25.2 1.3 0.9 8.6 7.3 100

Total 84.1 15.9 100

By type 67.4 30.0 1.5 1.1

1 6out of every

Children is Out-of-SchoolNever Enrolled still higher

than dropout rate

The proportion of out-of-school children in Punjab remains the same as compared to the last year.

Out-of-School children (6-16) Rural

Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur has the highest number of out-of-school children

District Rank – out-of-School (6-16)Enrollment %

Districts Govt.Non-state providers Out-

of-School

Rank*Pvt. Madrasa

hOther

sRawalpindi 73.0 23.8 0.3 0.2 2.7 1Jehlum 76.6 20.3 0.2 0.0 2.9 2Narowal 45.1 49.3 0.7 0.2 4.5 3Gujrat 62.5 30.9 0.5 0.1 6.0 4Gujranwala 44.5 48.9 0.4 0.0 6.2 5Sialkot 45.4 46.5 1.5 0.2 6.4 6Chakwal 61.6 31.1 0.3 0.0 7.0 7Attock 63.2 27.9 0.8 0.2 7.8 8Khushab 58.0 30.8 0.6 0.6 10.0 9Mandi Bahuddin 58.6 29.2 1.7 0.2 10.3 10

Hafizabad 60.5 27.7 1.0 0.0 10.8 11Nankana Sahib 52.9 29.1 0.8 5.4 11.9 12

Sheikhupura 49.9 36.3 0.7 0.2 12.8 13Okara 59.3 25.1 1.2 1.1 13.3 14Sargodha 65.1 19.8 0.9 0.0 14.2 15Lahore 44.7 39.5 1.1 0.3 14.5 16Khanewal 62.5 21.6 1.0 0.0 14.8 17Jhang 53.8 30.3 0.3 0.7 14.9 18

Enrollment %

Districts Govt.Non-state providers Out-of-

SchoolRan

kPvt. Madrasah OthersFaisalabad 63.5 20.8 0.5 0.0 15.3 19Toba Tek Singh 67.6 16.5 0.5 0.2 15.3 20Kasur 40.5 40.8 2.6 0.2 16.0 21Mianwali 67.1 16.1 0.3 0.2 16.2 22Layyah 63.7 15.7 0.8 2.6 17.3 23Multan 43.9 31.7 1.3 5.4 17.7 24Vehari 63.0 17.2 1.4 0.6 17.8 25Sahiwal 63.4 17.4 0.8 0.1 18.2 26Bahawalnager 61.9 15.4 1.4 0.8 20.5 27Lodhran 36.3 33.5 4.3 5.1 20.7 28Chiniot 65.7 12.3 1.2 0.0 20.8 29Bahawalpur 44.4 23.8 7.6 1.5 22.6 30Muzaffar Garh 61.6 13.4 0.5 1.7 22.8 31Pakpattan 61.0 14.9 1.0 0.2 22.9 32Bhakhar 64.3 10.7 0.4 0.5 24.1 33

Dera Ghazi Khan 51.5 16.4 1.0 0.3 30.7 34

Rajanpur 50.4 16.2 0.2 1.5 31.7 35Rahim Yar Khan 46.9 12.8 4.8 0.6 34.8 36

URBANLahore Urban 47.4 44.5 1.5 0.2 6.5 1Multan Urban 39.3 48.5 0.8 0.7 10.6 2

Rahim Yar Khan has the highest number of out-of-school children

Gender : Out-of-School Children (6-16 years)

Almost equal proportion of boys and girls are out-of-school in Rural.

In Urban (Lahore & Multan) more boys are out-of-school.

2011* 20120

20

40

60

80

100

7 89 8

Out-of-school children by gender6 to 16 years

Boys

% C

hild

ren

Urban Rural

2011* 20120

20

40

60

80

100

0 53

Out-of-school children by gender6 to 16 years

Boys Girls

% C

hild

ren

Higher percentage of boys than girls are out-of-school in urban Punjab.

Class Wise Enrollment - Rural

Enrollment decreases sharply as class level increases.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

18

4

174

Class-wise enrollment2011* 2012

Class

% C

hild

ren

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

14

6

Class-wise enrollment2011* 2012

Class

% C

hild

ren

Urban Rural

Section III: Quality

Learning Levels – Urdu

Language Learning levels for class 4 have improved by 7% since 2011

Rural : 33% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 storyUrban: 26% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 story

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

27

45

61 75

31 52 67

78

Children who can read story Urdu (Rural)

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels (Class 5): Urdu

Learning Levels (Urdu) have improved as compared to 2011.

Learning Levels - English

Language Learning levels for class 4 have improved by 12% since 2011 Rural : 39% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentencesUrban : 26% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences

Learning Levels (Class 5): English

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

17

33

50

68

27

45 61

75

Children who can read English sentences 2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels (English) have improved as compared to 2011.

Learning Levels - Arithmetic

Language Learning levels for class 4 & 5 have improved by 10% since 2011

Rural : 44% of Class 5 students cannot do division Urban : 37% of Class 5 students cannot do division

Learning Levels (Class 5): Arithmetic

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

13

29

46

63

21 39

56 68

Children who can do division

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels (Arithmetic) have improved as compared to 2011.

Learning levels – Boys vs Girls (5-16 Years) Girls continue to lag behind boys in learning levels

Girls are behind boys by 4% in Urdu, English & Arithmetic

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

49 53

Learning levels by gender Arithmetic

Who can at least do subtraction

% C

hild

rern

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

55 59

Learning levels by gender English

Who can read at least words

% C

hild

ren

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

52 55

Learning levels by genderUrdu

Who can read at least sen-tences

% C

hild

ren

Rural

Learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Learning levels – Public vs. Private (Rural) Learning Levels are better in Private schools overall

35% children in government and 29% children in private schools in class 5 cannot read class 2 Urdu story.

41% of the children in Government schools and 32% of children in private schools cannot read English sentences.

Class 1: Can read at least letters

Class 3: Can read at least sentences

Class 5: Can read at least story

0

20

40

60

80

100

6854

6578 64 71

Learning levels by school type Urdu

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Class 1: Can read at least small letters

Class 3: Can read at least words

Class 5: Can read at least sentences

0

20

40

60

80

100

38

60 59 52 70 68

Learning levels by school typeEnglish

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

0

20

40

60

80

100

37 50 54 47

57 61

Learning levels by school typeArithmetic

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Private school students are performing better than government school students.

Additional learning support – Paid Tuition Children in urban areas are more likely to take paid tuition

Urban Rural

17% Government and 34% Private school children take paid tuition in rural areas

2011* 20120

20

40

60

80

100

16 1730 34

Children attending paid tuitionGovernment schools Private schools

% C

hild

ren

2011* 20120

20

40

60

80

100

3951

Children attending paid tuition

Government schools Private schools

% C

hild

ren

Paid private tuition trend is higher in private schools.

Learning levels – Out of School (Rural) Even out of school children were tested

35% of out-of-school children can recognize numbers from 1-9.

A modest proportion of out-of-school children are at more than ‘beginner’ competency levels.

Section IV: School Attendance & Facilities

Attendance - Students and Teachers Rural: 14% children in government school and 14 % in Private schools were absent

from school (More children present in Government School then Private School)Rural: Overall children attendance is better in Government schoolsRural: 12% and 13% teachers in private and government schools respectively were found to be absent

Children Attendance (%) on the day of visitGovernment schools Private schools

Primary Elementary High Others Overall Primary Elementary High Others Overall

Children attendance 84.7 86.3 86.7 90.6 86.4 85.3 85.7 86.7 82.6 85.9

Teacher attendance 86.5 87.9 86.7 88.1 87.1 88.3 87.9 87.4 90.6 87.7

Urban: only 7% teachers in private and government schools were found to be absent

Children attendance is better in government schools in rural Punjab.

Multi-grade Classes - Rural

Around 36% government school children of class 2 sit with other classes as compared to 34% in Private Schools.

30% grade 8 students inPrivate schoolsand 14% grade 8 students ingovernment schools sit with other classes .

Class 2 Class 80

20

40

60

80

100

36

14

34 30

Multi grade teachingGovernment Private

% S

choo

ls

Basic Facilities – Improved but not Sufficient

13% of government primary schools do not have functional toilet facilities

8% primary government schools still do not have useable water19% primary government schools still do not have boundary walls

Private schools outperform government schools in terms of basic facilities.

Section V: Other dimensions that influence teaching and learning

Mother tongue/ Home Language• ASER 2012 survey findings revealed that 19 different

languages were used in the surveyed households of Punjab.

• Three languages used commonly were

• Punjabi (65%),

• Siraiki (21%) and

• Urdu (9%)

• Other (5%)

Other Lanuages included : Sindhi, Balochi, Potwari, Pashto, English, Pahari, Rachnavi, Rangri, Myuti, Mewati, Muhajri, Hindko, Marathi, Marwari, Darkhan, Persian

Households’ preferred medium of instruction in school

• Each household surveyed was also asked their preferred medium of instruction for their children in schools.

• 56% percent of all the households surveyed preferred Urdu as the medium of instruction in schools.

• Home language was preferred by a major proportion of 13% of all households and 31% surveyed households preferred English.

The most preferred language for medium of instruction was Urdu.

Medium of instruction in schoolsChildren in public schools reported:

• Urdu 50%, • English 50%, Children in private schools reported:• English 65%, • Urdu 35%,

Parental Education

Urban Rural

Rural: 67% mothers vs. 44% fathers did not complete primary education.

Urban: 36% mothers vs. 24% fathers did not complete primary education

Mothers Fathers0

20

40

60

80

100

33

56

Parents having at least primary schooling

% P

aren

ts

Mothers Fathers0

20

40

60

80

100

6476

Parents having at least primary schooling

% P

aren

ts

Higher proportion of parents have not completed even primary education in rural Punjab as compared to urban Punjab.

Section VI: How far have we come on RTE compliance?

How can ASER 2012 inform the planning, drafting, resourcing and implementation of 25-A?

ASER can help assess education with respect to :QualityAccessEquity

Planning according to district based assessment – generating District Report Cards (DRCs) linked to the Roadmap to Reforms and/or Sector Plans of the Provincial Governments .

Holding ASER Baithaks in ASER survey villages, parents, communities with parliamentarians and political holding ALL to account for ACTION!

Use of ASER data and teams for focusing on gender & the excluded groups

Forming District RTE Vigilante Committees mobilizing coalitions, teachers, youth, media and bar associations.

Action to RTE 25 A Implementation• Milestone achievement: “The Right to Free and Compulsory

Education Act 2012” - challenge is tracking implementation• ASER data to help in drafting of RTE Acts & using ASER

data for continued advocacy on Right to Education (RTE) 25 A

• Each province has district by district data for addressing gaps in access, quality, equity/gender and financing

• Continued Dialogues with Parliamentarians and Politicians in 2013 for elections, manifestoes and actionable steps that can be tracked

• Linking the ASER information to national data and GMR /UN Human Development Reports /others in the run up to 2015 & post 2015 debates

Thank Youwww.aserpakistna.orgASER-PakistanASERPAKISTAN

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