BOOK2Unit1

1. Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. (L1)

I. Paraphrase

①become bit by bit further behind  ②(with) fail to produce sth. at the proper time

Americans think no one keeps

motionless, everyone moves and

advances. If you are not moving ahead,

you will become further behind. 

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2. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and

exploring. (L2)

后置定语后置定语

As a result of this attitude, Americans tend to devote their time and energy to researching, experimenting and exploring.

①commit sb./sth. to (doing) sth.②commit oneself to sth. —devote to (doing) sth.

PracticePractice

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Decide your choice and tell why:

1. Everybody ______ on earth

is pulled downwards by the earth.

A. located B. locating

2. The gardens ________ with beautiful flowers sparkled in the heavy dew.

A. crowding B. crowded

3. He didn’t wish it ___________ .

A. mentioned B. mentioning

B

B

A

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3. They’ll miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (L23)

They’ll be sad because they’ll not have the usual exchanges that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country.

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4. In the U.S., however, it’s taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to

solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. (L51)

In the U.S., however, if you can solve a problem or do a job quickly, you will be considered as a person having skill orability.

be able to do be able to do

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II. Translation• 1. Americans believe no one stands still.

keep or stay in a particular keep or stay in a particular

position or state.position or state.

句意：美国人认为没有人能停滞不前。句意：美国人认为没有人能停滞不前。例句：例句：11 ）） The room stands idleThe room stands idle 这个房间闲置着。这个房间闲置着。22 ）） Stand firm- don’t let them tell you Stand firm- don’t let them tell you

what what

to do. to do. 要坚定，不要让他们对你指手画脚。要坚定，不要让他们对你指手画脚。

StandStand ：：

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2. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind.

译文译文 : : 如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。

1) 1) 在科学方面落后在科学方面落后 Fall behind in scienceFall behind in science

2) 2) 落后于竞争对手落后于竞争对手Fall behind one’s competitorsFall behind one’s competitors

3) 3) 这个学生一直很努力，唯恐落后。这个学生一直很努力，唯恐落后。The student has been working The student has been working

hard for fear that he should fall hard for fear that he should fall

behindbehind

翻译：翻译：

BOOK2Unit13. This attitude results in a nation of

people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.

译文：这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。

result in : bring about; lead to;

make something happen; cause

翻译： 1 ）这场事故造成两个人死亡。This accident resulted in the death This accident resulted in the death

of two people.of two people.

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• 2 ）这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。

Such measures are likely to result in Such measures are likely to result in

the improvement of work efficiency.the improvement of work efficiency.

比较：比较： result fromresult from 由由……引起引起The child’s illness resulted from The child’s illness resulted from

eating unclean food.eating unclean food.

孩子生病是由于吃了不干净的食物。孩子生病是由于吃了不干净的食物。

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• 4. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.

• 时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。

分词独立结构作状语更多例句：

分词独立结构作状语分词独立结构作状语

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5. We are slaves to nothing but the clock. (L5)

译文译文 ::只有时间才能支配我们。只有时间才能支配我们。

onlyonly

slave to drink; slave to money

more:more:more:more:

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• 6. Time is treated as if it were something almost real.

• 译文： 人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西。实在在的东西。

被动语态的句子如何翻译？被动语态的句子如何翻译？

Let’s Let’s

listen!listen!

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• 7. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it.

• 译文：我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减缩减、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。

• Account for:

• 1) explain the cause of something

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• The man charged with the crime couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.

• 被告无法解释在他家里找到钱这个事实。• 2 ） make up a particular amount or part of

something

• Paying rent accounts for half of my expenditures. 我的开销中租金占了一半。

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• North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion of British trade earnings.

• 北海石油占英国贸易收入的很大一部分。• 翻译：• 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解

释？

How do you account for the fact How do you account for the fact

that you have been late every day that you have been late every day

this week?this week?

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• 8. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime.

• 许多人都深感人生的短暂。• Acute:• 1) SENSES◀• acute senses such as hearing, taste, touch etc are

very good and sensitive 敏锐的 , 深刻的• ---Young children have a particularly acute sense

of smell.• He is an acute observer. 他是个敏锐的观察家。

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• He is an acute observer.• 他是个敏锐的观察家。• 2) ILLNESS◀• technical an acute illness or disease quickly

becomes very serious 急性的 cf. chronic• ---They think his mother‘s illness is acute rather

than chronic. 他们认为他母亲的病是急性的 , 不是慢性的。

• She was taken to the hospital suffering from acute appendicitis 阑尾炎 .

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• 3) FEELING▶ ◀

• an acute feeling is very strong• acute pain / acute embarrassment / • acute anxiety• 4) PROBLEM◀• an acute problem is very serious• The housing shortage is more acute than first

thought.• There's an acute shortage of water.• 这里严重缺水。

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• 9. take something personally• to get upset by the things other people say or do,

because you think that their remarks or behavior are directed at you in particular

• Don't take it personally; she's rude to everyone.• Please don't take it personally - he doesn't want to

see anyone.• This is a general criticism, so I hope none of you

will take it personally.

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• 10. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country.

• 译文：

他们也会怀念一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己感觉的一种习俗。

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• 11. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner…

• 一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人，跟不会说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭。

• 练习：

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• 他连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。She wouldn‘t take a drink, much

less would she stay for dinner.

P.11 练习

1. much less can he write English

articles2. much less can he manage a big

company3. much less could he carry it upstairs

4. much less have I spoken to him

5. much less to read a lot outside of it

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• 12. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.

• 译文：

既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。

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• 13. We communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer — especially given our traffic-filled streets.

我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。

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• 14. To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.

• 就我们而言电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上的事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有个性

• At hand• 1) Soon school will end and the vacation will be

at hand. 学期快结束了 , 假期即将到来。• 2) The question at hand relates to our use of

resources. 我们讨论的问题与资源利用有关。

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15. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting teleconferences to settle problems not only in this country but also—by satellite—internationally. (L40)

译文译文 : : 然而现在人们越来越多的是在电视屏幕上见然而现在人们越来越多的是在电视屏幕上见面，开电信会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而面，开电信会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国与国之间的问题。且还能通过卫星解决国与国之间的问题。

伴随状语伴随状语

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• 16. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.

• 其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率这差一些。

• Due to

• 她的成功是由于坚忍不拔的持久努力。

Her success was due to her

persistent long-term efforts.

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• 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。

• The increase in their profits is due

partly to the use of a new market

strategy.

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• 他们想去看电影，而我们宁愿呆在家里。

• 他认为我在对他撒谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。

They want to seea movie, whereas

we would rather stay at home.

He thought I was lying to him,

whereas I was telling the truth.

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• 17. Some new arrivals will come from cultures…by the passage of time. (Lines48~52 )

• 有些初来美国的人来自文化背景不同的其他国家，在他们的国家，人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。 在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某事件的话，那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的注意。因此，人们觉得用的时间长辉增加所做事情的重要性。

• Pour into 大量投入（精力或金钱等）

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• 翻译：• 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间

和精力，所以我们只能继续。

We have already poured a lot of

time and energy into the project, so

we have to carry on.

 

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acute

run out of

replace

in a rush

restlessly

race through

interaction

nothing but

leisurely

impatiently communication fine/sharp; severe/great only without hurry take the place of use up/flow out of do sth. in a hurry in a hurry

I. Matching Game

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excellent physically present, by oneself in contrast, while exist at the same time carry out be able to do sth. bring sth. to a completion ，

satisfy near in time/place meaning, importance

go with

significance

conduct

be at hand

in person

superb

whereas

be competent to do

fulfill

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停滞不前消磨时间

要价承受压力生活节奏

开场白 / 寒暄礼节性交往

而不是金钱的奴隶

pace of life ritual interaction stand still opening exchanges rather than slave to money kill time be under pressure charge (money) for

sth.

II. Chinese to English

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1. fall behind sb./sth.(L1)(L1) ① become bit by bit further behind

III. Word Using

e.g.e.g.

If you’re not moving ahead, you’reIf you’re not moving ahead, you’re falling behindfalling behind..

KeyKey

He’s been falling behind his group

members in English.

TranslationTranslation

他在英语方面一直落后于同组同学。

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1. fall behind with sth. ② fail to produce sth. at the proper time e.g.e.g.

fall behindfall behind with the rentwith the rent

KeyKey

I’mI’m falling behind withfalling behind with my work; I must my work; I must

try to catch up.try to catch up.

TranslationTranslation我工作拖下来了，我得想办法赶上。

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2. result in (L2)(L2) cause, have as a result, lead to

e.g.e.g.

The accident The accident resulted inresulted in the death of the death of two people.two people.

KeyKey

Acting before thinking alwaysActing before thinking always results inresults in

failing.failing.

TranslationTranslation做事不先考虑总是会失败的。

*result from —*result from —be caused by, be caused by,

because ofbecause of Nothing has resulted from his efforts.他的努力终成泡影。

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3. account for (L6)(L6) ① give a satisfactory explanation for … e.g.e.g.

The man couldn’tThe man couldn’t account foraccount for the fact the fact that the money was found in his that the money was found in his house.house. KeyKey

Jenny had toJenny had to account account to her fatherto her father for for

every penny she spent.every penny she spent.

TranslationTranslation珍妮不得不向父亲说明每一个便士是怎么花的。

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3. account for ②be a proportion of sth.

e.g.e.g.

North Sea oil North Sea oil accounts foraccounts for a high a high proportion of our trade earningproportion of our trade earning..

KeyKey

GirlsGirls account foraccount for half of the class.half of the class.

TranslationTranslation女生占我们班一半人数。

*phrases: *phrases: on account of on account of 由于由于 ; on no account ; on no account 绝不；绝不； take take

account of = take … into account account of = take … into account 考虑到考虑到

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4. count (L9)(L9) vi. If sth. counts, it’s important or valuable; vt. calculate e.g.e.g.

We want every minute to We want every minute to countcount..

KeyKey

Every minuteEvery minute counts counts before the exam.before the exam.

TranslationTranslation考试前，每一秒钟都很重要。

*phrases: *phrases: count in count in 把 把 ………… 算入；算入； count on/upon = rely on count on/upon = rely on

指望；指望； count out count out 逐一数出；逐一数出； count up count up 总计总计

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5. convention (L24)(L24) n. customary practice 习俗，惯例 e.g.e.g.

ConventionConvention now allows women to now allows women to smoke in public.smoke in public.

KeyKey

It’s theIt’s the conventionconvention for men to wear for men to wear

suits on formal occasions.suits on formal occasions.

TranslationTranslation男子在正式场合穿西装是一种惯例。

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6. much less (L28)(L28) still less, let alone and even less likely 更不用说 e.g.e.g.

They’re always short of water to drink, They’re always short of water to drink, much lessmuch less to bathe in. to bathe in.

KeyKey

The old man can hardly walk,The old man can hardly walk, much lessmuch less

run.run.

TranslationTranslation这位老人几乎不能行走，更不用说跑了。

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7. given + noun (L35)(L35) = (given that clause) prep. taking into account

e.g.e.g.

Given Given her interest in children, her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for teaching should be the right career for her.her. KeyKey

Given Given their inexperience, they’ve done their inexperience, they’ve done

a good job.a good job.

TranslationTranslation考虑到他们缺乏经验 ,他们算做得不错了。

Cf.Cf.

GivenGiven that they’re inexperienced, that they’re inexperienced,

they’ve done a good job.they’ve done a good job.

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8. be worthy of (L50)(L50) deserving 值得

e.g.e.g.

It seems as if the task were not It seems as if the task were not worthy of worthy of proper respect.proper respect.

KeyKey

He He is worthy ofis worthy of our praise.our praise.

TranslationTranslation他值得我们表扬。

QuestionQuestion

What What is worthy ofis worthy of your working hard?your working hard?

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worth, worthy 句型差别

be worth + n. = be worthy of +n.be worth doing = be worthy of being

donecf. of being done. sth. is worthy to be done.

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I. Structure AnalysisSupporting a General Idea with

Specific Details & Reasons

Normally, a writer presents his statement at the beginning of a paragraph, and supports it with specific details, then he’ll briefly tell readers the reason(s).

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Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life. Computers could measure brain activity to determine the quality of our work. Doctors will use computers to evaluate and identify motor problems, figure out repair costs and locate repair shops. Home computers will take care of regular duties at home, help with homework and order food. This is because computers can work more efficiently for us.

Sample 1Sample 1

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A general point : Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life.

Specific details:1. Computers measure brain activity.2. Computers evaluate and treat sickness.3. Computers in car show us routes, take money from our bank.4. Home computers take care of regular duties at home.

The reason:Computers are working efficiently.

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II. Tips for Writing

1.Decide the topic. 2.Write the topic sentence .3.Turn the topic sentence into HOW

& WHY question.4.Before writing, outline details &

reasons of the questions.

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Sample 2Sample 2Topic:“Protection of the environment has become a major concern of society. ”Outline: Specific details: *teachers & pupils, specific meeting, discuss the protection of environment*city planners, environment problems,take … into consideration*factories, reduce pollution, at a high costReasons: bad air & water pollution affect everyone, cities to survive, businesses to make a profit

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III. Your Task

Try to write your own paragraph supported byspecific details and reason(s).

Topics : 1. Computers are of great use in our daily life.2. English is becoming more important.

(You can choose one of the two topics.)