castilla y leon's programme of micology
TRANSCRIPT
CASTILLA Y LEON ‘S
PROGRAMME OF MYCOLOGY
and the Programme of Mobilization of Forest Resources
Alvaro Picardo
Junta de Castilla y León
29 April 2014, Santander (Spain)
Forest Europe Workshop on
Green Economy and Social Issues
Index
1.-Introduction to Castilla y León
2.-The Program of Mobilization of Forest Resources
3.-Mycologycal resources in CyL and the Program of Mycology
An introduction to Castilla y León (Spain)
Castilla y León
Located in the interior Northern Spain
2,500,000 inhabitants (26 inhab/km2)
2,250 municipalities(99% less than 10,000 inhabitants)
Castilla y León . . . means “Land of Castles”
Castilla y León:
A land . . .
of diversity !
94,000 km2 (one of the largest in EU)
98% of the region more than 600 m above sea level
Mediterranean - continental climate
47% agriculture, 31% forest, 20% OWL, 2% others
Huge diversity of ecosystems with high ecological value
Castilla y León:
A land . . .
of very old settlement
Atapuerca’s archaelogical site: 1 million years
Roman gold mines in Médulas (León)Burial site in Quintanar de la Sierra (Burgos)
More than7.000 small villages . . .
one every 12 km2 ! ! !
A herd of sheep over wine cellars in León
Iberian pigs in a “dehesa” in Salamanca
Fighting bulls in a “monte” in Segovia
A land . . . of very humanized landscapes,
shaped by cattle grazing
Horses grazing in a pine “monte” in Ávila
Oak pollards in a grazing “monte” in Soria
A land . . .
of wolfs and bearsand
a unique biodiversity in Western Europe
but . . . two societies !
One land . . .
2. Forest policyand the Program of Mobilization of Forest Resources
5 mill. ha. of “forest land”3 mill. ha. of forests
2 mill. ha. of Other Wooded Land (mainly brushland)
The regional government,
Junta de Castilla y León,
- defines forest policy- directly manages 2 mill. ha. of municipal forests
The region of Castilla y León:
- Received full forest competences in 1984- Approved the Regional Forest Plan in 2001- Passed the Regional Forest Law in 2009
In January 2014 approved the
“Program of Mobilization of Forest Resources”
(2014 - 2022)
The main objective of the Program is:
“To increase the value of the sustainable production
of regional forest resources and
to increase the productivity of
regional forests and the forest sector”
Solving market deficiencies
Simplifying regulation
Ensuring traceability
Improving control
Improving forest management and forest owners implication
Improving forest health (New diseases and pathogens!)
Encouraging stakeholders cooperation and innovation
The region of CyL:55 measures . . .
to increase wood and biomass harvest
since present production is 2 mill.m3
only 25% of growth !
But alsoNon Wood Forest Products
(NWFP)
chestnuts (from Castanea sativa)
10.000 Tm. and 10 mill.€Like pine nuts (from Pinus pinea)
8.000 Tm. and 8 mill.€
mushrooms (several species)
2.500 Tm. and 13 mill.€
natural resin (from Pinus pinaster)
10.000 Tm. and 10 mill.€
Economical value generated by mushrooms and other forest products in CyL (in 2010)
Subsector
Primary
production
(mill. €)
Industrial
production +
services
(mill. €)
Total
(mill. €)
% /total forest
production
Resin 4 16 20 3 %
Pine cones and pine nuts 8 53 61 9 %
Chestnut 9 22 31 5 %
Mushrooms 14 51 65 10 %
Subtotal NWFP 35 142 177 27 %
Pine wood (sawnwood) 55 121 176 26 %
Poplar wood (plywood) 26 28 54 8 %
Woodbase panels 40 212 252 37 %
Biomass 12 12 2 %
Subtotal Wood & biomass 121 373 494 73 %
Total Forest Production 156 515 671 100%
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3.-The Program of Mycology of Castilla y León
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3.-The Program of Mycology of Castilla y León
It’s not a formal program . . .But a series of 6 successive projects, . . . thatBegun in 2001 . . . And still is going on:
http://www.interreg-sudoe.eu/ESP/f/138/38/MICOSYLVA/Los-proyectos-aprobados/Gestion-selvicola-de-montes-productores-de-hongos-silvestres-comestibles-de-interes-socioeconomico-como-fuente-de-desarrollo-rural
http://www.interreg-sudoe.eu/ESP/f/138/86/MICOSYLVA-/Los-proyectos-aprobados/La-micoselvicultura-y-valorizacion-de-los-hongos-silvestres-comestibles-como-garantes-de-la-sostenibilidad-y-
http://www.myasrc.es/
14 years with a common
strategy !
3.-El desarrollo y evolución del modelo
El modelo se ha ido desarrollando en
sucesivos proyectos . . .
Plazo Denominación Proyecto
Ámbito territorial
Financiación yPresupuesto Ente gestor
20012003
“Micología y Aprovechamiento Sostenible”
Comarca de Almazán (Soria)
LIFE1.047.000 € GAL-ADEMA
20042006
“Micología y Calidad” 15 G.A.L. LEADER
1.134.000 €Asociación Myas
20062007
“Recursos Micológicos y
Desarrollo Rural”19 G.A.L. LEADER
873.476 €Asociación Myas
20082013 “MYAS - RC” 7 Diputaciones
JCyL -Diputaciones2.411.250 €
CESEFOR
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Y en 2008 apostamos por compartir
la experiencia con otros territorios . . .
Plazo Denominación Proyecto
Ámbito territorial
Financiación yPresupuesto Ente gestor
20082011 “Micosylva” SUDOE INTERREG
475.449 € SOMACYL
20122014 “Micosylva +” SUDOE INTERREG
336.775 € CESEFOR
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3.-El desarrollo y evolución del modelo
Background and previous context
- A privileged region in mycological resources
- Scarce mycological culture, . . . But a growing habit !
- Several business initiatives (1960-1970)
- Pioneer mycological associations (1940) http://famcal.es/asociaciones-micologicas/castilla-y-leon/
- A research center (DIEF Valonsadero), with an early interest in mycology (1985)
- Lack of regulation: mushrooms considered “res nullius” until national forest law of 2003
- Black economy
- A valuable resource . . . Not providing value to the territory !
3.-The Program of Mycology of Castilla y León
It was a local initiative,
For valorization of mycological resources
Through the establishment of sustainable management
Testing a picking regulation system
Promoting - myco-tourism and
- transparent commercialization
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=1910&docType=pdf
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.showFile&rep=video&fil=LIFE00_ENV_E_000544.swf
It was a really innovative approach
Participatory and bottom-up
Based in cooperation of all local actors and stakeholders
MYAS means Mycology & Sustainable Production
An integral sectorial approach,
with 6 axes for action
Knowledge
Forest management and planning
Regulation
Transformation & Commercialization
Myco-tourism
Training, Education & Sensitization
INNOVATION
Progressively extended
through the region
1.-Research and knowledge
A better knowledge of:
- Production- Harvest- Sector and value chain- Resource inventory systems
http://www.micodata.es/pdf/6.pdf
Development of:- Indicators- Models
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 MEAN
kg/h
a
Good years
Regular years
Bad years
We are defining Myco-Silviculture
• Optimal regeneration systems
• Tree species selection
• Thinning (optimal density for mushrooms)
• Shrubs role in mycorrhiyzal inoculum potential
We are applying adaptive management
-To ensure sustainable harvesting(socially and ecologically)
- To improve the production and diversity of wild edible mushrooms
- To optimize the economic incomes
- To guarantee the property rights for forest owners
2.-Management and planning
There is the need to integrate mycological resources in forest management:
3.-Regulation
Initial general opposition to the establishment of permits for collection
Definition of a system
Voluntary establishment
Permits for everybody, even locals
Prices defined locally, varying yearly
First trial in 2003:
28.000 ha. and 4.500 permits in 11 municip.
Progressive
implementation
http://permisos.cesefor.com
Harvesting regulation by permits in forests of Castilla y León
In 2013:400.000 ha
and 70.000 permits
in 250 municip.
Courses for 300 forest guards
Systematic campaigns
In 2012:270 forests controlled220 guards engaged
2049 harvesters controlled 11% without permit
Seizures of illegally collected material
30
Signals and control are fundamental
Coordination of forest guards an rural police
We have created a quality label
« Mushrooms of Castilla y León »With 18 small rural enterprises
To define and to encourage good practices
4.-Transformation and commercialization
We are working with market and health authorities
to guarantee traceability for health control
and market transparency
Market is rapidly changing:
- Increasing autoconsum,- Reduction of fresh products- Increasing processed products
We have created a quality label
«Mycological restaurants of Castilla y León »To promote tourism
as the main way to value these resources
5.-Myco-tourism
Bars and restaurants
Rural hotelsIn two directions:
1.-Tourism in Nature:
Network of mycological rural hotels (They sell pemits)Courses of mycological guides
2.-Gastronomy
Gastronomy
Is our main interest
200 restaurants involved in “Buscasetas” (Meaning “Look for mushrooms”)
One week festival: “Soria gastronómica”
Courses for chefs
Organoleptic workshops for less known species
5.-Myco-tourism
http://www.buscasetas.es/main.php
Mycological restaurants network in Castilla y León (Spain)
Training courses (2008-2012) 43
Forest rangers 9
Mushrooms sellers 3
Mushroom trade controllers 3
Harvesters 16
Amateurs 8
Mushroom Chefs 3
Photography 1
Number of participants 1020
6.-Training, education and dissemination
Technicalpublications
Courses
Educationalmaterial
Mycological information Centers
Micosylva Forest Network
(research,
mycosylviculture and
valorization)Now we are promoting
cooperation at European level:
Investment of 7,0 Mill.€500,000 €/year
Financed by:
Castilla y León 52% European Union 38% Spanish Government 10%
through calls for proposals0.7% of the estimated annual sectorial production
Since 2012 we are reducing subsidies and using income from the selling of permits as seed funding.
Global budget and financing
We consider the process an example of
capitalization of knowledge and transfer to other territories
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� There is now a general recognition of the value and the possibilities of the mycological resource.
� There is a general acceptance and even demand of regulation.Junta de CyL will pass an specific regulation this year
� Considerable increaseof gastronomy, tourism andadded value for the region.
� Several challenges are still ahead and we are preparing new projects andlooking for regions willing tocooperate.
Results
40
We want to thank our supporters:
And specially the Life &INTERREG SUDOE programs
