UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S1 UUUUUU UUUUUUUAccording to their use in a sentence, all the words in English are divided into eightparts. They are called Parts of Speech.-- .-s -s - ss : =-/.ss ss o -ss-s - s s: . Parts of Speech --s-s -s1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Verb 4. Adjective5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. InterjectionEnglish . o s ss- o - ss : - ss-: Verb - s.s-=-/.s Verb -s- ss- .-- -so --so -- .-s -.-s os 'Verb Form' o---ss -s-s-s- Verb -so- oss--sWhat is a Verb?A Verb is a word used to denote an action, a state or a possession.(Doing - Being - Having).- o- s -o--ssss ..s s -- s --s-sssss - ss - so- =o - s- s -- s- s- ss sss - ss --s ss English Grammar "Verb' --s-s =ss-: Verbs=-/ . s . - ossss os-s -. o ss --s s-s =-/.s -s. s-o--s .s -s -.-s 'go'--s -s -.-s 'see'os -s -.-s 'eat'-ss -s -.-s 'read'os -s -.-s 'play'o s ss- sss s ss - so- - s =-/ . s s- o s-s. s o-ss=- sss -- s.s s.ss -sss--ss -- ss --s ssVerb -- s- s -s - .-s .s - =-/ . s o Verb - s s s - ss- sss:. 'Conjugative Forms' --s-so s s - ss Grammar Present Form, Past Form sso Past Participle--s-sINTRODUCTIONA-PDF Merger DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermarkUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S2-s Spoken English - -----o s- - s o s s - ss s s--so--s-s ss- s:s s-s- .: ss I Form -s --s ss II Form-s ss ss III Form -s -.-s-sso Course s o Chapter o - o I, II, III Forms -s -s-s-s.-ss -s- Verb -s - ss -ss -s- --- -s-ssI Form -c- Verb .-. ...e --c.II Form -c- Verb .-. --.c --c.III Form -c- Verb .-. c.c --c.o.--- I Form II Form III Formgo went gonesee saw seeneat ate eatenbuy bought boughtdo did donegive gave giveno s ss- =-/ . ss o Verb -s ss -ss-ss -s Verb - a- ss ss- s o o - - -s- s s: - ss - sss- practice -.-s-s-ssVerb - I Form, II Form, III Form ss-s Confusion os o notesfollow --s -.s- o-ss --ss s-s- -s "Verb' -- sss:c s-.s-ss-ssc s -ss sss-s-sc -s s.sss o- --ss-ssoss-ss Verb -- sss: oo-s Verb - I, II, III forms oss-so - s.o s form s . . s ss -- o --- s . rule o s s-s practice - - . s - s - s s- Verb - o s - ss .- so---s-ssINTRODUCTION c- .- .- - -- c- ce . . c-.-c-- ccc. .: .--.c.J Parts of Speech -s-: Verb - s.s-J -- ss --s ss Verb --s-sJ =-/.ss o Verb -s ss -ss-ssJ o ss -ss s-s- I Form, II Form, III Form --s-s=.s Verb - I Form s s s- o --- s s cII Form s s s- o --- s scIII Form s s s- o --- s s c--- ss -so- ss--- .-s--sUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S3 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES+ . s o o s- Hindu - ssosI read the Hindu every morning.a . ss o o-.- - special class -attend -sosWe attend the special class everySunday.a s brother s studies - -o sMy brother encourages me well in mystudies.= s father .-s o . money -o-sMy father sends me money everymonth.c o. s o -so - - birthday - s -s-s--She celebrates her birthday every year.c .- s o -so - - so o- sss - o - sThey visit Tirumala in January everyyear.. .s o os- walk - .sI go for a walk every morning.o .ss o o-.-- test . sWe write a test every Sunday.o s English lecturer - - teach- - sOur English lecturer teaches us verywell.+o s mother o s.- - o . -s-s--My mother fasts every Saturday.REGULAR ACTION - POSITIVE FORMsss -- s- - -s ss -.s- -s ss - - s- ss ss-.s sss --s-- - ss =o-s-s --s-s-ssJ .c _a -- library - .c J . c. _ a . -_ - cricket practise . . c.J c- father _ a . camp .- J a. _a cc --e-eJ .- _a . meeting - e- -c.- J c- brother . hard work . . . .-ss ---s --s-- - -.s- - ss --s-ss o :. c.- _ a -- _ a.- - _ a . _ a -c - - . .. - . - ..- ---. .c- c- --.- - - -.e- .. .- ee -e-.e- " I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note :.-ss subject 'He' 'She' 'It' (III Person, Singular Number) --.s Verb -s's' -s 'es' -s 'ies' -s --ss4EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ .s o - diary . sa .ss o o-.-- match ososa s father .- s o - - s- advise-s-:-s= s brother . . s class first rank--sos-:sc o.s north Indian dishes - o-s-s--c .- s o -so - - - tours- - s. Trains o--s- late - ss-:-o .s o o-.-- s native place -.oso . ss o s. s- s father odiscuss - s+o s sister . . ss - sso-s--++ -o s o important point note-s-s-:s+a .~ - .- ss- -s -- - s+a s o - ss- dignity maintain- - s+= o.s guests s - treat -s--+c .s o - 9 p.m. - ETV .-s- s++ .- s o -so - - so income tax- o - sThey pay income tax in March everyyear.+a .~- o--s- s-- sos--It often rains in Vizag.+a . s o - o s- s . osI go to office by bus every day.+= Irfan Pathan - fast - bowl - sIrfan Pathan bowls very fast.+c s s . . s Englishs:s o-sOur Principal always speaks English.+c - . .- ---s- o s- +o - -+o s-s ss--The Krishna Express arrives in Ongoleat 10.10 a.m.+. -o s o - - s- o friends - help-s-:sHe often helps his friends.+o s Physics lecturer o lesson - notesdictate - - sOur Physics lecturer dictates notes forevery lesson +o - ss - . -. s scenes - act- sKamal Hassan acts well in comedyscenes.ao - - s o - - s- o . s- so-o-:-sSri Chandra Babu often discusseswith the party leaders.Practice makes man perfect.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S5 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESsss -s ss -.s - ss - - s - ss --- o sss=o-so s:s-s.s ---s -.s- -s:- -ss -- ss -so---s-s-ssJ .c - - _-c J . c. - money -..c.J -. - .c-c-e :c. J a. - birth day e-.-c.J .- - taxes .t-.- J -. - .c-t cc. .-ss -s .:- -ss ss --s-sso :. c.- -.e - -e t . - -t . c. - -t ccc. - . -- - - ,e -.e .- ee -e-.e- "Donot / Doesnot + I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .- s'I', 'We', 'You', 'They' subject - ss 'do not' s-ss'He', 'She', 'It' - subject - o.s 'does not' s-ss1. .s -s ss -ssI donot read novels at all.a . ss - s work neglect - ssWe donot neglect our work at all.a s brother -s hard work -ssMy brother doesnot work hard.= o.s -s .soo s:sShe does not talk to anybody.c .-s -s rules strict - : -- - sThey donot follow rules strictly.c Tamil Nadu Express Ongole station o-sThe Tamil Nad Express does not stopin Ongole station.. . s - s : s o s- s o s -sI donot watch Telugu serials onT.V. at all.o -os -s .sos care -ssHe doesnot care anybody.o o.s -s functions - attend -ssShe doesnot attend functions at all.+o .-s o-.-- shop open -s-sThey donot open the shop on Sunday.++ . s - s non-vegetarian itemss-sI donot take non-veg. items at all.NEGATIVE FORM6EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ .s -s Hindi movies -sa .ss -s Sunday work -ssa o. s - s guest s o- treat-ss= -os -s friends o move -ssc .-s -s programmes - sc -os --s-- office - -s. .s -s smoke -sso .ss -s guides follow -sso -o s - s juniors s encourage-ss+o -os -s ss sss++ .-s regular - rent pay -s-s+a -o s - s s- so s+a s brother -s work concentrate-ss+= .-s -s ssss -. =s-s+c .ss -s time waste -ss+a -os -s .so- help -ssHe does not help anybody at all.+a .-s -s ss -s-s -s-sThey donot celebrate our festivalsat all.+= . s - s =o - s s. s- ~- --s-sI donot interefere in others matter.+c s officer - s dignity maintain-s-sOur officer doesnot maintain dignityat all.+c .-s -s money -s -s-sThey donot save money at all.+. s Chemistry lecturer - s notesdictate -s-sOur Chemi stry l ecturer doesnotdictate notes at all.+o o. s - s s - - s sShe doesnot travel by bus at all.+o s principal -s os-s s:-sOur Principal doesnot speakTelugu atall.ao o.s -s modern dress o-- sShe does not wear modern dress atall.A rolling stone gathers no mass.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S7 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss -- - s -- s- - - -.s- - -- ss - so-+--s-s-ssJ tc. _a-- news paper ..c.. J t- _a ae.-- .-- .-J t brother t- _a . money -.- J .- _ a.- t- - . -e- .-ss ---s --s-- - -.s- - ss -so- --ss--s-sso :. c.- ccc. -e . -- - -e -- .- - -.e- . . c- c- _ a--_ a.- - _ a. _ a -c - - . .. - . - . . .- ee _ -. e- Do / Does + I form of the Verb o--.cc* Note : .-sI, We, You, They - subject - o.s Do He, She, It - subject - s.s Does o---ss1. ss o os- walking - .o.cDo you go for a walk every morning?2. ss aunt guests s - treat - -cDoes your aunt treat the guests well?3. ss father L.I.C. s- s -:-cDoes your father work in the L.I.C.?4. G.T. Express Ongole o- so s-cDoes the G.T. Express stop in Ongole?5. .- s o -so - - Annual Day- s o-cDo they celebrate the Annual Dayevery year?6. o. s ss- s Hindi teach - s -s-cDoes she teach you Hindi?7. ss English magazines .- ss-- sso.cDo you read Engl i sh magazi nesmostly?8. ss- s o o-.- - E-TV o sprogramme - -cDo you watch the programmePratidhwani on E-T.V. every Sunday?9. ss brother ss studies encourage-s-: cDoes your brother encourage you inyour studies ?10. ss-s o.-- school test . -cDo you write a test in the school everyweek?QUESTION FORM8EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS+ ss -- s - - - - s-sso. ca ss- s college games practise-s-:- ca ss brother U.S.A. ss+s-:- c= o.s -s .s-s- cc .- s o -so - - income tax pay-s-:- cc ss Principal . . English .s:so- c. - ss - . -s ss - :s-:co =- o--s- s-- sos-s- co ss-s college English .s-s teach-s-:-s c10. =- s. - -: : . s ss .sos like- sc11. ss - -- s dictionary refer-s-:sc12. .- s express ---s- . . sss--c13. .- s- s -o s . . s time waste-s-:sc14. ss-s o house - .-s .-o rent pay-s-:-sc15. -- one-day match -- bowler- -- .s overs bowl-s-:sc11. ss- s o - s- o - - -: .- practise - - s cWhere do you practise cricket everyevening?12. ss - -- . . s s s cWhen do you usually wake up ?13. ss father o. Hyderabad .-s-s.o-s cWhy does your father go to Hyderabadevery month ?14. Mrs. Malathi ss- s s subject teach- - s cWhich subject does Mrs. Malathi teachyou ?15. ss o - college - . .os cHow do you go to college everyday ?16. ss father s- s . - s .-o money-o-s cHowmuch money does your fathersend you every month ?17. ss- s o s -- .s - -s s- - s cHowmany hours do you work in youroffice everyday ?18. ss business .s-s -s-:-s cWho looks after your business ?19. o - o s- ss ssss-s-:s cWhat do you take every morning ?20. ss elder brother .- s- s -: scWhere does your el der brotherwork ?Honesty is the best policy.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S9 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss -- - s -.s - -- s- - - : - - ss -- ss - so-negative sense +--s-s-ssJ tc. - Hindi movies .-.. J t- - -e games a.- J -. - .c-t care .. J a. - .c-c- c-e.. .- ss -- - s -- s- - - -.s- - ss ss + -- ss--s-sso :. c.- ccc.-e . -- - -e -.e - -t . - - -t t . - -t-,e-.e .- ee ---e negative sense _-.ec -e-.e- "Don't /Doesn't + I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .-ssSubject - I, We, You, They --.s 'Don't' He, She, It --.s 'Doesn't' s-ss+ ss -s ss -ss. cDon't you read novels at all ?a ss-s Sunday classes - attend -s-cDon't you attend classes on Sundays?a -os -s .so- help -s cDoesn't he help others at all ?= o. s - s =-: s- s- s -cDoesn't she come out of the house ?c G.T. Express &- o- cDoesn't the G.T. Express stop inChirala?c .-s -s ss -s-s -s- cDon't they celebrate our festivals at all?. ss -s cotten shirts o-- . cDon't you wear cotten shirts at all ?o ss -s ss ss. cDon't you believe in God ?o o camera s -s cDoesn't this camera function ?+o ss-s -s non-veg. food s-- cDon't you take non-veg. food at all ?NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM10EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS+ ss -s sweet like -s. ca ss-s -s English s:- ca -o s - s - . s- s c= o.s -s friends =-s . cc .-s -s taxes pay -s- cc o -s- .sos --s c. -os .so s: s co ss -s s s.ss :--s-.co ss father ss sss -- c+o ss -s fountain pen use -s.c++ ss o--- .-s-s care s-s c+a s --- -s-.-s-s .-s-s try-ss c+a ss--s-s -oss ss-s c+= .-s -s .-s-s rules : -- - sc+c -os -s .-s-s -s c++ ss .- s- s - . s- ss cWhy don't you work hard ?+a ss- s .- s- s games practise - s- scWhy don't you practise games ?+a ss .-s-s early - s ss cWhy don't you wake up early in themorning ?+= -o s .- s- s studies - scWhy doesn't he concentrate onstudies ?+c o.s .-s-s .soo s:scWhy doesn't she speak to others ?+c -o s .- s- s regular - duty -attend -s cWhy doesn't he attend the dutyregularly ?+. ss o . .- s- s money save-ss cWhy don't you save money everymonth ?+o ss job -- .-s-s serious - try-ss ?Why don't you try for a job seriously ?+o o .- .-s-s -s- --s cWhy doesn't this plant grow tall ?ao ss .- s- s - s .soo friends-ss cWhy don't you make friends withothers ?ZFortune favours the bold.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S11 UUUUUU UUUUUUUREVISIONWhat have we learnt today ?ccc. o -- .: .--.c. o- sss ss Spoken English Course 'I form of the verb' -so-.-s-s.s sss grammar Simple Present Tense --:-s ss + Positive Form2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form -s = parts . - s- s.so = parts -- o revise -s-s-s1. POSITIVE FORM :sss -- s- - -.s- - -- ss -- s- sThe First form of the Verb o---ssEx : 1. I take coffee every morning. 2. My father sends me money every month.3. They work hard. 4. My brother always reads books.2. NEGATIVE FORM :sss -.s - ss - =. - - - s . : - - ss -- ss--s-s "donot / doesnot + I form of the verb" o---ssEx : 1. I don't smoke at all. 2. My father doesn't tolerate indiscipline.3. They do not neglect work at all. 4. She doesn't see movies.3. QUESTION FORM :sss -- s- - -.s- - -- ss - so- =o - ss+--ss --s-s "Do/Does + I form of the Verb" o---ssEx : 1. Do you wake up early in the morning ? 2. Does she paint pictures ?3. Do they conduct tests every week ? 4. Does he ofen go to Vizag ?4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :sss -.s - --s-- -ss -- ss -so- negative sense + -- ss -- s- s "Don't / Doesn't + I form of the Verb"o---ssEx : 1. Don't you ride a bike ? 2.Doesn't she go to movies at all ?3. Don't they come to your house at all ? 4. Doesn't she cook well ?UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S12o -- -e verbs .e .-. three forms .---.-I Form II Form III Form MeaningZ1. Begin began begun o- --- s2. Break broke broken -s-s3. Bring brought brought o-s4. Build built built so-- s5. Buy bought bought -s6. Catch caught caught -- s-s7. Chide chid chidden &.s s8. Choose chose chosen .s-s9. Come came come s-s10 Creep crept crept - s11. Deal dealt dealt s- -- s12. Draw drew drawn / -s13. Dream dreamt dreamt --s14. Drink drank drunk o-s15. Drive drove driven s 16. Eat ate eaten os17. Fall fell fallen s18. Feel felt felt -s o -- s19. Fight fought fought -- s20. Find found found - s-so - Spoken English lesson s Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,Negative Question Form - . - s- s.- s - .ss-: confusion - s- ss- -- oo 4 parts - s- ss- s own - -s .-s practise - s-There is no success without hardship.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S13 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESPAST ACTION--- o sss - o -s -- ss ss - s o - -- ss - so---s -s-ss -- o s sss s:s -s ssss-s o ---J .c. last Sunday .- Hindi movie .-c. J .c ec -- - .t-.cJ .- last year . - - - shift --..- J .c ec train miss --..c .-ss -o-s -- ssss-s o - ss --s-sso :. c.- - -e .- ee . c c c. c-. -c- ec - .- - - . - -c - - - - -e c- - c c. c-. cc ccc. - . -- - -- . c .-ee ---e -e-.e-"II form of the Verb " o--.ccNote : .- ssSubject - Singular, Plural ss 'Verb - II form' s-ss+ .s s s father - letter .sI wrote a letter to my father yesterday.a .ss last week exhibition -sWe saw the exhibition last week.a s brother last month Delhi .sMy brother went to Delhi last month.= o.s last year M.A. pass ---She passed M.A. last year.c s . - s o- s- - -It rained heavily in Nellore yesterday.c .-s lastmonth o =s e --sThey vacated that house last month.. s .- s .- -- - - late -s-The Pinakini Express arrived one hourlate yesterday.o ..: -s-s +ooa os-s - o s-s - - sSri N.T.Rama Rao formed the TeluguDesam Party in 1983.o sso =--- --s +oo= - s--sSmt. Indira Gandhi died in 1984.+o .s s s friend - help -sI helped my friend yesterday.14EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S11. s : match Kumble 7 wicketssKumble took 7 wickets in the matchyesterday.+a - - s +ooc sss- o--.-sSri Chandra Babu became the Chief-minister in 1996.13. s father last year promotion --- sMy father got a promotion last year.14. s cousin last year Intermediate fail---My cousin failed in Intermediate lastyear.+c - - - s s ss- - - : --- sThe Collector toured in our Mandalyesterday.+c . ss last Sunday s cousin marriage- attend --.sWe attended our cousin's marriage lastSunday.+. .s s leave - apply -sI applied for leave yesterday.+o o. s +oo= S.S.C. o - -She completed S.S.C. in 1994.19. .-s last month family .-s- shift-.-sThey shifted the family to Nellore lastmonth.ao s - s-- s - - - s s - +ass-- -ss -s--s12 passengers died i n the roadaccident near Guntur yesterday.+ .s s text books -.sa .ss last Sunday picnic .sa s father last month Nellore - transfer---s= o.s s guests s - - ss----c .- s last year o business start - - sc . s s T.V. cricket match - s. .ss last Sunday English test -- .so s ss- o s s- -os - o--- so -os last year B.A. o -s+o s : match . - ---so -s++ s grand father +oo. - s- - s+a .s -o -- English novel --.s+a .ss last time o-- - prepare--.s+= .. : -s-s aco ss: --- s+c s .-s s proposal o-o---s+c . ss last Sunday meeting cancel-s+. .-s last month -- new book publish--sWork is Worship.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S15 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESsss - o -s -- ss ss - s -s ss - - s --- o=o-so s:s-ss -o-s -- ssss-s ---s -ss -- ss--s-s-ssJ .c ec friends e -c. J .c. last time ec -: c . J -. ec .- books c,. J c- brother last time job - _- .. .-ss -o- ---s -ss ss --s-sso :. c.- - -e .- c c.c-. -c- ec -e - .- - - . - -c - - - - -e c- - c c.c-. cc- ccc. - . -- - . e .- ee-e-.e- "Did + not + I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .- ssSubject - Singular, Plural s 'did not + I form' s-ssNEGATIVE FORM1. .s s -- .sI didnot go to college yesterday.a . ss last week English test . s sWe didnot write English test last week.a . ss l ast month mess bi l l pay-ssWe didnot pay the mess bill last month.= s brother last time EAMCET -appear -ssMy brother didnot appear for theEAMCET last time.c -o ---s s-- sIt didnot rain in Ongole last night.c o.s s computer class - -sShe didnot come to the computerclass yesterday.. .-s last year annual day -ssThey didnot celebrate the annual daylast year.o .s s o letter post -ssI didnot post that letter yesterday.o . ss last Sunday special class -attend -ssWe didnot attend the special class lastSunday.+o s: match Kumble osKumble didnot play in the matchyesterday.16EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S++ -o .s- .--s.s -:-ssSri Venkaiah Naidu didnot contest inthe elections last time.+a -- o o. s ssss function- invite -ssShe didnot invite us to the function lasttime.+a .- s s .- s o s. s- o o s--sThey didnot inform me that matteryesterday.+= s manager last week .- s leavegrant -ssOur manager didnot grant me leavelast week.+c .s s -os ss sssI didnot believe his words yesterday.+c s father last month .- s money-sMy father didnot send me money lastmonth.+. Last time .-s s-s help -ssThey didnot help us last time.+o . s last time Maths - coachings-sI didnot take coaching for Mathematicslast time.+o s .-s shop o-sssThey didnot open the shop yesterday.ao .s -o :s -sI didnot watch the news on T.V. lastnight.+ . s last time -o s letter - reply=ssa .ss last month rent pay -ssa s Engl i sh l ecturer s cl asss-s= .- s -- s - .- - s- s s-:--sc .s s leave - apply -ssc s meeting chief guest o-s:s. o.s s s =-:- -so .s s class notes .sso .- s last time s- s -- s o-o--s+o .s s -- s-s++ s brother last year college - - s+a . s s news paper o - -s+a s Hindi teacher s class paperscorrect -ss+= . s - o - .- s s s+c .- s s -- work complete-ssNecessity is the mother of invention.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S17 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESQUESTION FORM--- o sss - o -s -- ss ss- s o - -- ss - so-+--s-s-ssJ t- - . house rent pay ..- J .- - . a ee ..-J a. ec :c.c party - invite J tc. ec English class - attend.c. --... .- ss - o -s -- ss ss - s o - ss - so- +-- ss--s-sso :. c.- - -e .- c c. c-. -c- ec - .- - - . - -c - - ---e c- - cc.c-.cc- ccc. - .--- -- .c .- ee---e _-.e-" Did + I form of the Verb " o--. cc* Note : .- ssSubject - Singular, Plural s 'Did' s-ss1. ss s o letter post - ..cDid you post that letter yesterday?2. ss- s l ast Sunday cri cket matcho.-cDid you play a cricket match lastSunday?3. ss brother last month M.C.A. join--. cDid your brother join M.C.A. lastmonth?4. English Madam s class newlesson teach -- cDid the English Madam teach a newlesson in the class yesterday ?5. s - o =- s- - cDid it rain here last night?6. .- s last year family Hyderabad - s shift-.- cDid they shift their family to Hyderabadlast year?7. s match Laxman century- .cDid Laxman make a century in thematch yesterday ?8. Last Sunday ss- s E-TV specialprogramme -.-cDid you watch the special programmeon E-TV last Sunday ?9. ss-s last week o-sss visit -.-cDid you visit Tirumala last week ?10. ss last week ss.- s..cDid you participate in the seminar lastweek ?18EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS+ ss s new dress -.. ca ss- s o letter s receive - s- s.-ca ss-s last Sunday exhibition .e.-c= ss brother last year P.G. o - .cc .- s l ast month house rent pay- .-cc ss father last month s- s money-.- c. Last time ss friends s- s - co-operate -.- co s ss- s .- - . e.- s co Last time o.s sss -- c+o ss last month o job - .-s-s resign-.s c++ ss-s s exam. . ..-s c+a ss Hyderabad s- ..ss.sc+a -os ss-s sss -.s c+= s- s o watch .s- s present - .- sc+c -. s .s- s . .- s c11. ss =-o s: .- - -s.s cWhere did you study Intermediate ?12. ss-s o business . . s - --.-s cWhen did you start this business ?13. ss s marriage o. s- s ssspresent -.s cWhat did you present her in themarriage yesterday ?14. ss-s sudden - o house .-s-s e-.-s cWhy did you vacate that housesuddenly ?15. -o ss-s s movie -.-s cWhich movie did you see last night?16. s match Agarkar .s wickets . scHowmany wickets did Agarkar take inthe match yesterday?17. .- s last year business .-oamount invest -.-scHowmuch amount did they invest inthe business last year?18. s o- ss .s questions answer- .scHowmany questions did you answerin the examination yesterday?19. s ss:---s guest - ss-s .sosinvite -.-scWhom did you invite as the guest tothe meeting yesterday?20. =-o s s s. -o s Bankofficer . --.scHow did he become Bank officer atsuch a young age?Speech is silver, Silence is gold.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S19 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss =o - so s: s- s . s - o -s -- ss ss- s -- - s-ss -- ss -so- negative sense +--s-s-ssJ t father last month t- money -. J t- last Sunday t e- .. J a. ec :c.c party - invite .. J tc. ec -ee -c. .-ss -o- -ss -- ss -so- +--ss --s-sso :. c.- - -e .- c c. c-. -c- ec - .- - - . - -c - - ---e c- - cc.c-.cc .-- .e .- ee ---e negative sense _-.ec -e-.e- "Didn't + I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .-ssSubject Singular, Plural ss 'Didn't + I form' s-ssNEGATIVE QUESTION FORM+ s ss college - . cDidn't you go to college yesterday ?a Last Sunday ss-s T.V. programme- cDidn't you watch the programme onT.V. last Sunday ?a Last time -os s-s help -s cDidn't he help you last time ?= Last month ss- s house rent pay-s cDidn't you pay house rent last month ?c -o =- s-- cDidn't it rain here last night ?c .- s s s- s o s. s- inform-s ?Didn't they inform you this matteryesterday ?. Lastti me o s .s - -:-scDidn't he contest in the elections lasttime ?o o. s last year EAMCET - appear - cDidn't she appear for the EAMCET lastyear ?o .-s last year Annual Day celebrate-s cDidn't they celebrate the Annual Daylast year ?+o s ss:-- ss-s o s.s- discuss-s cDidn't you discuss this matter in themeeting yesterday?20EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS++ ss s o s. s- . -- s- s-s cWhy didn't you tell me this matteryesterday ?+a ss-s s marriage - .-s-s attend-s cWhy didn't you attend the marriageyesterday ?+a -os last year college .-s-sjoin -s cWhy didn't he join college last year ?+= o. s last week party - sss s.-s-s invite -ss cWhy didn't she invite you to the partylast week ?+c .- s last time =- .- s- s stay-ss cWhy didn't they stay here last time ?+c ss s computer class - .- s- s-s cWhy didn't you come to the computerclass yesterday ?+. ss- s s- s- .- s- s -sssos-s cWhy didn't you take permission earlier?+o ss school days grammar .-s-s.-s-s cWhy didn't you learn grammar in yourschool days ?+o ss o s. s- -o s - s-.-s-s --s cWhy didn't you seek his help in thismatter ?ao s match Sachin .-s-s oscWhy didn't Sachin play in the matchyesterday ?+ s ss letter post -s ca Last week ss-s test .s ca o.s s doctor s consult -s c= .- s last time ss- s -- s o-o--cc ss-s last time exams - o- prepare- cc ss s -oss o s.s- --c. ss- s last Sunday English movie- co ss s bank s- money withdraw-s co ss s s =-:- .-s-s -s c+o -os last month exam fee .-s-spay -ss c++ o. s l ast ti me bi rthday .- s- scelebrate -s-s c+a s festival - ss new dress .-s-s-s c+a Last time Congress Party o s- sseat .-s-s =ss c+= ss o s.s- ss parents advice.-s-s follow -ss c+c Last time s B.J.P. - .-s-s ss.ss cMan is made by his belief.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S21 UUUUUU UUUUUUUREVISIONWhat have we learnt today ?ccc. o -- .: .--.c. o- sss ss Spoken English Course 'II form of the Verb' -so-. - s - s. s sss grammar Si mpl e Past Tense --:- s ss1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form -s= parts .-s-s.s o = parts -- o revise -s-s-s1. POSITIVE FORM :- o -s -- ss ss- s -- - s o - -- ss -- s- s'II form of the Verb' o---ssEx : 1. I bought text books yesterday. 2. We celebrated Sankranthi last week.3. They helped me last time. 3. She passed S.S.C. in 2002.2. NEGATIVE FORM :-o-s -- ssss-s ---s -ss -- ss --s-s"did not + I form of the Verb" o---ssEx : 1. I did not meet my friend yesterday. 2. We did not seek his help last time.3. It didnot rain here last night. 4. He did not come to office last Monday.3. QUESTION FORM :-o-s -- ssss-s ---s - -- ss +--ss --s-s"Did + I form of the Verb" o---ssEx : 1. Did you write the test well yesterday? 2. Did he draw the salary last week?3. Did they vacate the house last month ? 4. Did she join college last year?4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :-o- -ss -- ss -so- negative sense +--ss --s-s"Didn't + I form of the Verb" o---ssEx : 1. Didn't you go to library yesterday ?2. Didn't he take coaching last time ?3. Didn't they open the shop yesterday ?4. Did n't she come to your house yesterday?UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S22o -- -e verbs .e .-. three forms .---.-I Form II Form III Form MeaningZ21 Fly flew flown .-s-s22. Forget forgot forgoten ss- -s23. Forgive forgave forgiven -ss--s24. Freeze froze frozen --s25. Get got got -- s26. Give gave given =-s27. Go went gone .s28. Grow grew grown --s29. Hang hung hung .sHang hanged hanged oo 30. Hear heard heard ss31. Hide hid hidden s-- s32. Hold held held s -s33. Keep kept kept o-- s34. Know knew known o s s-s35. Learn learnt learnt . - s-s36. Leave left left so.37. Lend lent lent -.- =-s38. Light lit lit .o---s39. Lose lost lost --s -s40. Make made made o-s-o - Spoken English lesson s Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,Negative Question Form - .-s-s.-s - .ss-: confusion - s- ss- -- oo 4 parts - s- ss- s own - -s .-s practise - s-The action of today becomes the destiny of tomorrow.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S23 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESFUTURE ACTION--- o sss s. o s s -- ss ss - s -- - s - ss -- ss- so- -- s - s- ss o s s o - - s- s s s. o s s -- ss ss-s -s-ssJ .- -. te-- o :.- discuss J -. Degree students classes boycott. . - . . - J ,- _ ,- ordinance pass .-e J .c -. c- friends picnic .c .- ss s. o s s -- ss ss - s - ss ss -- s- sso :. c.- :. . e .- c c. c-. -c- - . c. .- - c. . c. -c - - - :. . e c- - c c. c-. cc ccc. - . -- - . c. .- ee - --e-e-.e- "Will + I form of the Verb" o--. cc* Note : .-ssSubject - Singular, Plural ss "Will + I form" o---ss+ .s - .-s .osI will go to Nellore tomorrow.a . ss next Sunday ss: -- s-s- sWe will arrange a meeting nextSunday.a s brother next month car --:sMy brother will buy a car next month.4. o.s o proposal o- -.-s-s--She will accept to this proposal.c .- s ss- s -- -s s o ss- o - sThey will provide us all the facilitiesthere.6. .- s o - o =s e - - sThey will vacate that house soon.. . s - s- s o s. s- inform - sI will inform you this matter tomorrow.o .ss s- . new house - shift-sosWe will shift to the new house nextmonth.o -o s o - promotion -- so sHe will get a promotion soon.+o s sister - interview - attend-so-sMy sister will attend the interviewtomorrow.++ .-s s- . ---s branch open- - sThey will open a branch in Ongole nextmonth.24EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ .s - s native place - .sa . ss next Sunday sea-shore -.osa s brother next month M.B.A. entrancetest - appear -sos= o. s oo --- .s- -:-s--c .-s o- .-s business start- - sc . ss next year o town house--:s. .s next year transfer - try - so s father .- s s- .- - money-o-so ss sss- o - t ss- s - s+o .- s s- . ---s -- newshowroom open - - s++ .-so =- - next president-so-s+a . ss - ss- s s s- s-o o s~ -+a s - ss -- - : - s+= Intermediate Board o o o-sstrict - s-s--+c s uncle o- U.S.A. .o-s+a . s - telephone bill pay - sI will pay the telephone bill tomorrow.+a . ss - marriage -o s- --watch present - sWe will present him a watch in themarriage tomorrow.+= Finance Minister s- ao - . s-: budget .o-sThe Finance Minister will present theBudget in the Parliament next 28th.+c .-- s sso: -ss.- - /oos -:s--Nagarjuna University will announcethe degree results next Monday.+c s uncle oo ss .s- -: - - sMy uncle will contest in the Municipalelections this time.+. s sister next July B.Sc. join-sos--My sister will join B.Sc. next July.+o s lecturers s o- o-s.o tours- - sOur lecturers will organize a tour afterour examinations. +o . s - s- s . note book = sI will give you my note book tomorrow.ao Indian Cricket Board oo Dravid sCaptain -s--The I.C.B. will make Rahul Dravidcaptain this time.An honest man is the noblest work of God.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S25 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES1. .s - duty - attend -ssI will not attend the duty tommorow.a . ss o town settle -ssWe will not settle down in this town.a s brother next week Ongole - sMy brother will not come to Ongolenext week.= o. s o -so - - - join -ssShe will not join college this year.c .- s next time ss- s help - s- sThey will not help us next time.c - match Lakshman osLakshman will not play in the matchtommrow.--- o sss s. o s s -- ss ss - s - ss -- ss - so---s -s-ssJ .c -. college - .c J a. o .- birthday celebrate .-.J .- cc- next time help .-J c- brother o .- bank test - appear -c. .- ss s. o s s -- ss ss - s -- - s - ss ss -- s-sso :. c.- :. . e .- c c. c-. - . c. .- - c. . c. -c - - - :. . e . - c c. c-. cc ccc. - . -- - . e .- ee - --e-e-.e- "Will + not + I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .- ssSubject - Singular, Plural s 'Will not + I form' s-ss. . ss o -- s ss- - ssWe will not commit this mistake again.o o.s o proposal -.-sShe will not accept to this proposal.o .- s - meeting o s. s-discuss -s-sThey will not discuss this matter inthe meeting tommrow.+o . s -o s s. s- ~- - - s-sI will not interefere in his matter.++ . ss o o o hotel stay - ssWe will not stay in that hotel next time.+a .s o o -os -s- --sI will not seek his help next time.NEGATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM26EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ .s - -- -oss -sssa .ss next Sunday s -s .sa s uncle o o .s - -:-s-s= o.s - sso picnic - -sc .-s - ss-s -- so -o---sc S.V. University next academic year entrance tests s---s. . s o o coaching s-so .ss next month classes - attend-sso Next summer . ss holidays waste-ss+o s brother =- o club ---s s++ s =- ss :--s+a . - - =- captai ncy--/-o--s+a .- s =- ss- s material supply-s-s+= . ss next time -s- s miss-s-s+c o s- s ss -sss NTR sss---s+a o. s next year studies continue - s sShe will not continue her studies nextyear.+= .ss next time -o s o- swe will not depend on him next time.+c .- s o o annual day celebrate-s-sThey will not celebrate the annual daythis time.+c Next time .s- TDP, BJP - support-ssThe TDP will not support the BJP inthe next elections.+. .- s - sss -- receive-s--sThey will not receive us theretomorrow.+o o.s - party - .os invite -ssShe willnot invite them to the partytomorrow.+o .s next time work neglect-ssI will not neglect the work next time.ao University oo exams postpone-ssThe university will not postpone theexaminations this time.Look before you leap.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S27 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s - ss -- ss-so- +--s -s-ssJ tc. -. English class - attend -c.. J t brother ,- USA ..J t- next week t native place - .- J a. next month Ongole - c -. .- ss s. o s s -- ss ss - s - ss ss - so-+--ss --s-sso :. c.- :. . e .- c c. c-. -c- - . c. .- - c. . c. -c - -- :..e c- - cc. c-.cc ccc. - .--- .c. .- ee_-.e-"Shall / Will + I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .- sI, we - subject - s.s 'shall'You, He, She It, They - subject - ss 'will' o---ssQUESTION FORM1. . s - s- o - ss =-: - s- cShall I come to your house tomorrowevening?2. sss - Bank Manager s consult-sscShall we consult the Bank Managertomorrow?3. . s ss- s lunch order - cShall I order lunch for us ?4. sss next month L.I.C. test - sappear -ss cShall we appear for the L.I.C. test nextmonth ?c ss-s - ---s-s o report submit- - cWill you submit this report to theCollector tomorrow ?c ss brother next year Branch Manager-so cWill your brother become the BranchManager next year ?7. o.s o proposal -.-s-s- cWill she accept to this proposal ?o .- s - ss: -- o s. s- discuss- - cWill they discuss this matter in themeeting tomorrow ?9. - sss-o ss visit - -cWill the Chief-minister visit our districttomorrow ?+o s- .- - sso: P.G. oos-:s- cWill the university announce the P.G.results next week ?28EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S11. .s - s-- .- wait --cWhere shall I wait for you tomorrow?12. sss o - s.o s course j oi n-sscWhich course shall we join next?13. .s s-s -. s- sss o--cWhat shall I bring for you fromChennai ?14. sss - guests - s s o .- provide -scWhere shall we provide theaccommodati on for the gueststomorrow?15. ss ss- ss o s- . . s oo-s scwhen will you return from your village?16. - -- ss.- .s- s s- - scWho will organize the seminar theretomorrow?17. ss --: team - next captain .s-s-so-s cWho will become the next captain ofour cricket team?18. - =--- .-oss-- --ss--s -so-scHowmany candidates will attend theinterview tomorrow?19. ss- s oo . s ss .- -so-scWhere will you spend your summerholidays this time?20. .- s new house - . . s shift-so- scWhen will they shift to the new house?1. .s - - so .-s- s-ca sss o s.s- .o- s-s-inform -sca ss-s o town . settle -so-c= =-o s: - s o -so - - s-s -s-cc o. s s- -so - - o school - Head-mistress -so-cc / s- s s - strike -:-c. / o -o ss studies discontinue- .co ss- =-- s-ss s- o-.--farewell party celebrate - -co ss parents U.S.A. s- . . s oo-s - sc+o ss Hyderabad .s-s o-:sc++ sss - -- .s- s receive-s-s-:-sc+a .- s - -- .-o amount deposit- - sc+a ss o - - - -- s . . s o- sc+= .s- o - s.o s o sos s-s-s--c+c ss =-- s - s-s-:scIf wealth is lost, nothing is lost....UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S29 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s - ss -- ss - so-negative sense +--s-s-ssJ -. ccc. .-e -cc. J tc. -. computer class - -. J -. c. .-- duty - attend -c. J a. - college ..c. .- ss s. o s - ss -- ss - so- +-- ss -- s- sso :. c.- ccc.-e . -- - -e :. . e .- c c.c-. -c- - . c. . c. -c - - - :. . e c- - c c.c-. cc . e .- ee - --enegative sense _-.ec -e-.e- "Shalln't / willn't (won't) + I form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .-sI, We - subject - o.s 'Shalln't'You, He, She, It, They - subject - o.s 'Won't' o---ssNEGATIVE QUESTION FORM+ .s - =--s -s cShalln't I come here tomorrow ?a sss next Sunday o programme participate -ss cShalln't we participate i n thatprogramme next Sunday?a ss - office - .. cWon't you go to office tomorrow?= -os o course join -s cWon't he join this course ?c ss oo entrance test - apply-s. cWon't you apply for the entrance testthis time ?c o.s o proposal -.- cWon't she accept to this proposal ?. .-s o town settle -s- cWon't they settle down in this town?o ss-s -: s--s -- wait -s- c Won't you wait there till tomorrow ?o o. s next year o col l ege s-scWon't she work in this college nextyear?+o .- s - sss -- receive- s--cWon't they receive us there tomorrow?30EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS+ .s - -- -oss -sss ca sss - o function - attend -s ca ss-s next Sunday Ongole - -- c= ss next May entrance test - appear-s. cc o. s o o function - sss invite-s cc -os - bill pay -s c. .- s o s. s- ss- - o-- -co ss - .s- vote .s. co ss - office - .-s-s .s c+o ss- s next week meeting .- s- ss----s c++ o s o o .s- .- s- s -:-s-s c+a o. s o o birthday .-s-s celebrate-s-s c+a .- s - sss .- s- s cousult-s-sc+= ss- s - seminar .- s- s - sc+c -os - sso o- .-s-s-sc++ ss - so picnic - .-s-s -scWhy won't you come on picnic with ustomorrow ?+a ss-s next week s--s =- .-s-so--s cWhy won't you stay here till next week?+a -o s s- s o s. s- .- s- s-o--s cWhy won't he co-operate with you inthis matter ?+= o.s o medicines .-s-s s-scWhy won't she take these medicines?+c .-s ss-s .-s-s support -s-scWhy won't they support us ?+c ss .-s-s o s-ss cWhy won't you do that work ?+. .-s -os .-s-s -- s--scWhy won't they take action againsthim?+o ss next March exams - .- s- sappear -ss cWhy won't you appear for the examsnext March ?+o -o s - meeting - .- s- s attend-ss cWhy won't he attend the meetingtomorrow ?ao .- s o -so - - tour .- s- s organize-s-s cWhy won't they organize a tour thisyear?If health is lost, something is lost...UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S31 UUUUUU UUUUUUUREVISIONWhat have we learnt today ?ccc. o -- .: .--.c. o- sss ss Spoken English Course 'Future form ' (Will + I form of theverb) -so- .-s-s.s sss grammar Simple Future Tense --:-s ss 1.Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form -s =parts .-s-s.s o = parts -- o revise -s-s-s1. POSITIVE FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s - ss -- ss -- s- s ''Will +I form of the Verb" o---ssEx : 1. I will buy a camera tomorrow. 2. We will visit Hyd. next month.3. They will finish this work next week. 4. He will join M.C.A. next June.2. NEGATIVE FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s - ss -- ss - so- -- s- s"Will + not + I form of the Verb" o---ssEx : 1. I will not help you in this matter. 2. We will not delay the work tomorrow.3. They will not settle down in this town. 4. He will not stay here tomorrow.3. QUESTION FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s - ss -- ss - so- +-- ss--s-s "Shall/Will + I form of the Verb" o---ssEx : 1. Shall I bring you the text books ? 2. Will you join M.C.A. next year ?3. Will they help you there tomorrow? 4. Shall we visit Mysore next month ?4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s - ss -- ss - so- negative sense + -- ss -- s- s "Shalln't / Won't + I form of the Verb"o---ssEx : 1. Won't you stay here tomorrow ? 2. Won't he come here next week?3. Won't they pay the bill next month? 4. Shalln't I wait for you tomorrow ?UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S32o -- -e verbs .e .-. three forms .---.-I Form II Form III Form MeaningZ41. Pay paid paid -o--s42. Prove proved proved s---s43. Read read read - ss44. Ride rode ridden o- 45. Ring rang rung .---s46. Rise rose risen o --- s47. Run ran run -s-os48. Say said said -.49. See saw seen --s50. Seek sought sought -- s-s51. Sell sold sold -s52. Send sent sent - 53. Shake shook shaken --o--s54. Shine shone shun -+--s55. Shoot shot shot -s56. Sing sang sung s57. Sink sank sunk ss-s58. Sit sat sat - - s59. Sleep slept slept s --- s60. Smell smelt smelt . - - sIf character is lost, everything is lost.o - Spoken English lesson s Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,Negative Question Form - .-s-s.-s - .ss-: confusion - s- ss- -- oo 4 parts - s- ss- s own - -s .-s practise - s-UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S33 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESPRESENT CONTINUOUS+ . s s o - . - s B.L. - - s.sI am doing B.L. in Nellore at present.a .ss so- Bank colony ss+s.sWe are living at Bank colony atpresent.a s brother o -so - - competitiveexams - prepare -- s- s. sMy brother is preparing for thecompetitive exams this year.= o. s = . s guests - s ss- - s -She is treating the guests now.c so- .-s o =-:- - aooo --os.-sThey are paying a rent of Rs. 2000 forthat house at present.c o - trains -s o -- ss.-All the trains are running late today.. s English lecturer o .- - s- sgrammar teach -s.-sOur English lecturer is teaching usgrammar this week.o .s so- s friend room stay-s.sI am staying in my friend's room atpresent.o s s so- business -s-s-s.-sMy elder brother is looking afterbusiness at present. +o o - =- o s- - s- s-It is raining here heavily today. ss- -s ss s o - s: s- s ss ss - s continuous -- - - ss o ss so - - s- s - s sss = . s continuous --s -- ss -so- =o-s-s --s-s-ssJ .c .. type-writing .---e.c J .c. _- .-- o-e.c.J c- lecturers o . lessons revise ..- J -. ..- -. _... .-ss ---s sos continuous - - ss --s-sso :. c.- ccc. c-e . . c c c.c -c- o -- o .- - o . o -c - -.. _- ccc. - .--- continuous - .-c.c .- ee -e-.e- "Am / Is / Are + 'ing' form" o--.cc* Note : Am, Is, Are -s o s-: s Present 'Be' forms --s-s.-s Subject > 'I' --.s 'am + 'ing' form'He, She, It --.s 'is + 'ing' form'We, You, They --.s 'are +'ing'' form' s-ss34EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ . s s o - govt. job - - try-s.sa .ss o - s class farewell party-s-s-s.sa s parents s o - s village o-s.- s= - - s o - - . -:s.-sc .- s s o - -- -- shoppingcomplex sos.-sc . s = . s -- private company job-s.s. . ss o - ss: -- - s- s-s.so s o - -o s s- s --os.so o.s =.s guest -s lunch o-s-s-+o .ss o - T.V. match -s.s++ s uncle so- s --ss.-s+a . ss o .- - pending files clear-s.s+a s o - o shop +c ss-- s-s.-s+= -o s = . s wedding cards print-s.s+c s grandfather s o - o rests-s-s.-s++ .ss o - ss. .s.sWe are going to Vijayawada today.+a o. s ss o o s- s -She is suffering from malaria.+a . ss o summer s -s water problem face -s.sWe are facing water problem in ourcolony at present.+= .--s so- -- -s ss:s.sNagarjuna is acting in a Hindi movieat present.+c - s so - ss cricket teams lead -s.sRahul Dravid is leading our cricketteam at present.+c .ss o s English .-s-s-s.sWe are learning English in theseholidays.+. s - students o o ssprogramme -s.- sOur college students are participatingin the Janmabhoomi programme thistime.+o s sister s o - Hyd. training--s-s-My sister is undergoing training inHyderabad now.+o -o s s o - -- private school s-s.sHe is working in a private school now.20. .- s s o - s- s material supply-s.-sThey are supplying us material now.Empty vessels make much noise.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S35 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss s o - sss continuous - -s-s -- ss -so---s -s-ssJ .c .. o..-- ..e. J .c. _- .-- ec-.e.J o -- R.T.C. . c. ce- . J .- _ - - - - - e- ce- . .-ss so- ---s -s-s ss -so- --s-sso :. c.- _ - ccc. c-e . . c c c.c-. -c- .. _ - o --o .- - o . o -c - - ccc. -e . -- - -e continuous - .-.e .- ee---e -e-.e-"Am / Is / Are + not + 'ing' form" o--.cc* Note : .- sI - subject - o.s 'am not',He, She , It - subject - o.s 'is not'We, You, They - subject - o.s 'are not' o---ss1. .s o - -s-s -s-sI am not coming to the class today.a . ss s o - o .- - - s- sWe are not doing that business atpresent.a -os =.s so o--sHe is not staying with us now.= o. s o -so - - - - s - sShe is not studying in college thisyear.c o - =- s- - - sIt is not raining here now.c .-s so- s-s -o--- sThey are not co-operating with us atpresent.. . - - o series -o-sSachin Tendulkar is not playing wellin this series.o s English Madam o .-- classess-s-sOur English Madam is not takingclasses this week.o .-s so- =- s ss .s-ssThey are not facing any problem herenow.+o . s o -so - - o- s-s-sI am not working in that college thisyear.NEGATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM36EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ .s so- o room stay -s-sa .ss =.s o books follow -s-sa -os =.s o course - s= o. s o -so - - s school s-s-sc .-s =.s s-s -s- -s-sc o -.s- o- s-s- s. . ss s o - o =-: - rent pay-s- so o. s o o o- - s o- prepare-s-so .-s so- books publish -s-s+o .s =.s s job - try -s-s++ . ss o - - - - s -s-s+a .- s business o- accountsmaintain -s-s+a .- s o -so - - college donationsss -s-s+= .s so- non-veg. food s-s-s+c . s = . s .o s. s- ~- --s-s- s++ . ss s o - o =-: ss+-- - sWe are not living in that house atpresent.+a s father s o - o old scootero----sMy father is not using that old vehicleat present.+a -~ =.s ss :---sRoja is not acting in movies now.+= .-s so- o club programmess----sThey are not conducting programmesin that club now.+c oos =.s =--s -s-sHe is not coming here now.+c o.s =.s studies continue -s-sShe is not continuing her studies now.+. .- s s o - o game practi se-s-sThey are not practising that game atpresent.+o .s so- o ss-ss s-s-sI am not taking these medicines now.+o s brother o -so - - studies o- --sMy brother is not concentrating on hisstudies this year.ao .- s s o - s- s material supply-s-sThey are not supplying us the materialat present.Failures are the stepping stones of success.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S37 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss s o - -- - s continuous - -s -- ss -so- +--s-s-ssJ tc. .. _.-- .... J t- _- .-- o-e.-J t brother .. M.C.A. ... J a. o -c - - o-ec. .-ss sos ---s continuous - --s ss -so- +--ss--s-sso :. c.- _ c. ccc. c-e . . c c c.c -c- o -- o .- - o -c - - .. ccc. - . -- - continuous - .c .- ee ---e _-.e-"Am / Is / Are + 'ing' form" o--. cc* Note : .- sI - subject - o.s 'am',He, She, It - subject - o.s 'is'We, You, They - subject - o.s 'are' o---ssQUESTION FORM1. .s =.s ss disturb -s..cAm I disturbing you now ?2. . ss = . stime waste - s .scAre we wasting time now?3. ss- s = . s results - - . s- s-s.-cAre you waiting for the results now?4. ss father =-- o company s-s.-cIs your father still working in thatcompany ?5. ss si ster o -so - - M. Phi l .-scIs your sister doing M.Phil. this year?6. ss-s o - o-- -s- -s- s-s.-cAre you celebrating Ugadi today?7. o .- o - o --sscIs the Janasatabdi Express runninglate today?8. .- s s o - Group - I o- - s prepare--s-s.- cAre they preparing for the Group - Iexamination at present?9. ss s o - English concentrate-s..cAre you concentrating on Englishnow?10. -o s = . s EAMCET - coachings-s-s. cIs he taking coaching for the EAMCETnow ?38EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS1. ss o - - -o s- s..ca ss-s so- ss enjoy -s.-c3. ss oss =- s-- practise-s.c4. .-- s = . s -s films act-s.c5. ss mother = . s guests s treat-sc6. .-s =.s =- s. problem face-s.-c7. o .- - .- s pending files clear-s.-c8. so- ss parents .- s-s.-sc9. s o - ss- s material .s- s supply-s.-sc+o .- s = . s .- s- s o - s s-s-s.-sc++ ss Chemi stry - s book refer-s.s c+a so- o camp .-oss-- +--- s- s.- sc+a ss =.s =- .so -- .s-s-s.s c+= - - . s- oo .-o ss-- -:s-s.-sc+c s- s s o - =- .s- s - s--s.-s c11. =.s ss =-:-- sss-s.scWhat are you doing at home now?12. ss brother . - ss - s. scHow is your brother studying ?13. ss = . s .- s- s =- ss.scWhy are you standing here now ?+= so- ss --: :.ss .s-s lead-s.-s cWho is leading our cricket team atpresent ?+c .- s functi on - s- s .- -s.-scWhere are they making arrangementsfor the function ?16. s o - o course - .-o ss--students attend -sos.-scHowmany students are attending thiscourse at present ?17. ss- s s o - -- . - s .-o - ss -s.-scHowmuch fee are you collecting forhostel per month at present ?18. ss s o - .-o sal ary draw-s.scHowmuch salary are you drawing atpresent?19. s o - o - o .-o ss-- s-s.-s cHowmany men are working in thatfactory at present?20. ss = . s N.I.I.T s course-s.scWhich course are you doing in theN.I.I.T at present?Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S39 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESNEGATIVE QUESTION FORM--- o sss s o s sss s: s- s ss ss continuous - -- - s--s -- ss -so- negative sense +--s-s-ssJ t- _- business .e- . J -. o -- -..- -c.-. J a. _- o school e.e- . J .- o . class - attend -ce-. .-ss so- --s -- ss -so- +--ss --s-sso :. c.- ccc.-e . -- - -e _ c. ccc. c-e . . c c c.c -c- o-- o .- - o . o -c - - continuous - .--.e .- ee ---e negativesense _-.ec -e-.e- "Isn't/Aren't + Verb + 'ing' form" o--.cc* Note : .- sSubject > 'I' --.s 'Aren't I' s-ss .'Amn't I' -- sHe, She, It --.s 'Isn't'We, You, They --.s 'Aren't ' s-ss+ .s s -- cAren't I concentrating on work ?a ss o -so - - o - - s- cAren't you studying in that collegethis year ?a oos so- job -s- cIsn't he doing job at present ?= o.s so- ss =-: o-- cIsn't she staying in your house atpresent ?c ss = . s o scooter use - s-cAren't you using this scooter now ?c .-s so- o town ss+--- cAren't they living in this town atpresent?. ss so- s job -- try -s- cAren't you trying for any job at present?o -os o - college - .- cIsn't he going to college today ?o o. s s o - o s- s ss:--- cIsn't she acting in Telugu movies atpresent ?+o .s o- s -s- cAren't I working properly ?40EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS++ ss s o - o office .- s- ss-s-s cWhy aren't you working in that officeat present ?+a ss o - college - .-s-s .-s cWhy aren't you going to college today?+a ss studies .- s- s concentrate-s-s cWhy aren't you concentrating on yourstudies ?+= ss- s s o - o =-: .- s- sss+--s cWhy aren't you living in that house atpresent ?+c -os o .-- duty - .-s-s attend-s-s cWhy isn't he attending the duty thisweek ?+c o. s s o - =- - s .- s- s-s-s cWhy isn't she coming here at present?+. .- s s o - busi ness .- s- s-s-s cWhy aren't they doing business atpresent ?+o o.s =.s sso .-s-s o--scWhy isn't she staying with you now ?+o o camera .-s-s s-s-s cWhy isn't this camera functioning ?ao .-s so- s --s-s -o---s cWhy aren't they co-operating with younow ?+ ss o - -- .- ca ss- s s o - .o- material supply-s- ca -o s s o - s problem face-s- c= o.s =.s o medicines s-s- cc .- s s o - - o s- s l oans=s- cc ss o -so - - o course -s- c. ss- s o- accounts mai ntai n-s- co o s s o - new cases take up-s- co o. s s o - - s . s- c+o ss father s-s money -- c++ ss o scooter .-s-s use -s-s c+a ss-s rules .- s- s follow -s- sc+a .-s so- books .-s-s publish-s-s c+= os so- films .-s-s act-s-s c+c o. s o - .oo Hyderabad.-s-s .-s cFools rush in where angels fear to tread.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S41 UUUUUU UUUUUUUREVISIONWhat have we learnt today ?ccc. o -- .: .--.c. o- sss ss Spoken English Course "Am/Is/Are + Verb + 'ing'form" - so- . - s- s.s sss grammar Present ContinuousTense --:- s ss1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form-s = parts .-s-s.s o = parts -- o revise -s-s-s1. POSITIVE FORMsos sss s:s-s ssss ---s continuous - --s-- ss --s-s ''am / is / are + Verb + 'ing' form" o---ssEx : 1. I am learning English now. 2. We are waiting for the train now.3. They are playing a match today. 4. She is staying in the hostel at present.2. NEGATIVE FORM :sos sss s:s-s ssss ---s continuous - --s-- ss - so- -- s- s "am /is/ are + not + 'ing' form"o---ssEx : 1. I am not using this bicycle now.2. He is not doing any job at present.3. They are not helping us at present.4. We are not facing any problem here at present.3. QUESTION FORM :sos sss s:s-s ssss ---s continuous - - -- ss - so- +-- ss -- s- s "Am/Is/Are + Verb + 'ing' form"o---ssEx : 1. Are you going to college now ?2. Is she studying B.Sc. this year?3. Is he suffering from a fever today? 4. Are they living in Nellore at present ?4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :sos sss s:s-s ssss ---s continuous - --s-- ss - so- + -- s- s "Isn't/Aren't + verb + 'ing' form"o---ssEx : 1. Aren't you coming with me now ?2. Isn't she attending the classes this week ?3. Aren't they doing this business now ?UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S42o -- -e verbs .e .-. three forms .---.-I Form II Form III Form MeaningZ61. Speak spoke spoken s:s62. Spend spent spent -s -s-63. Spoil spoilt spoilt s- 64. Spread spread spread . -- s65. Stand stood stood s s66. Steal stole stolen --o-- s67. Sting stang stung -ss68. Strike stroke struck - s -s69. Strive strove striven -- s70. Swear swore sworn s- -71. Sweep swept swept s72. Swim swam swum os73. Take took taken s-s74. Teach taught taught . o-- s75. Tear tore torn -- s76. Tell told told -.77. Think thought thought o-- s78. Thrive throve thriven -s.- - - s79. Throw threw thrown s-s80. Understand understood understood --- -s-s'Drown not thyself to save a drowning man'.o - Spoken English lesson s Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,Negative Question Form - .-s-s.-s - .ss-: confusion - s- ss- -- oo 4 parts - s- ss- s own - -s .-s practise - s-UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S43 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESPAST CONTINUOUSsss -s ss -o-s -- ssss -s continuous - - - - ss o ss s o - - s - o -s --o -s continuous -- - -- ss - so- =o - s- s -- s- s- ssJ .c ec t -- library . - - .. - . - - -..cJ .c. last month bank test - coaching a --e--..c.J c- father - .. . - - e . - -. .- J a. last year Intermediate . . c. . --.ce .-ss -o- continuous - - - ss -- s- sso :. c.- - -e .- c c. c-. -c- ec -e - .- - - . - -c - -- --e c- - cc. c-.cc ccc. - .--- continuous - . - -.c.- ee ---e -e-.e- "Was / Were + 'ing' form" o--.cc* Note : 'Was' 'Were' -s o ---: s Past 'Be' forms --s-s.-s I, He, She, It (Singular) - subject - o.s 'was' s-ssWe, You, They (Plural) - subject - o.s 'were' s-ss1. . ss last week exams . -.sWe were writing examinations lastweek.a -o s last year hostel stay - -. sHe was staying in the hostel last year.a o.s -.s steno - s - --She was working as a steno then.= .- s s -o o s. s- discuss-s.-sThey were discussing that matteryesterday.5. .-s -.s s-s help - -.- sThey were helping us then.c .s s s -- wait - -.sI was waiting for you yesterday.. s father -.s business - -.- sMy father was doing business then.o . ss last month study classes -attend -so -.sWe were attending the study classeslast month.o .ss -o T.V. -- English movie- -.sWe were watching an English movieon T.V. last night.+o s uncle -.s High Court lawyer- practise - -.- sMy uncle was practising as a lawyerin the High Court then.44EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ .s -o-o .ss o.sa . ss s cards distribute - -.sa -os last year o- studies con-centrate - -. s= o. s last month typhoid o so --c .- s last week South India - o -.- sc -o s =-o - s s- s -- - o-- - - - s- -. s. .- s last month greeting cards sale- -.- so . s s o - - - - . o s- so -.so .ss last month Physics subject pre-pare -- s- -.s+o o. s s -o -o s- s ss- - --++ o. s s -o important letters type- --+a . ss s o time T.V. serial-.s+a -os last year .-s - =ooo o-draw - -. s+= .- s - . s - strict - rules: -.- s+c . s last year News reporter - s- -.s11. .ss s o time Circar Express - - -.sWe were travelling by the Circar Ex-press at this time yesterday.+a .- s - o .- - - s- - s - s--.- sThey were celebrating the festival lastweek.+a Mrs. Malathi s- s last year Mathsteach - --Mrs. Malathi was teaching us Math-ematics last year.+= .ss last month public examinations . -.sWe were writing public examinationslast month.15. -o s last year - hard work- -. sHe was doing hard work last year.+c . ss s -- . - s-s - -.sWe were making arrangements for thefunction yesterday.+. Accident o-.s -os car -fast - s - s-. sHe was driving the car very fast whenthe accident happened.+o .s s o book refer - -.sI was refering to this book yesterday.+o .- s - . s rice business - -.- sThey were doing rice business then.ao Last week . s notes o - s - -.sI was preparing notes last week.Rome was not built in a day.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S45 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESNEGATIVE FORM1. .s s o letters type -s-sI was not typing these l ettersyesterday.a .ss =-o-ss-s o problem face-s-sWe were not facing this problem then.a ss -.s money save -s-sYou were not saving money then.= . -s- -o series o-osos-sSachin Tendulkar was not playing wellin the last series.c o. s =-o - s s- s o office s-s-sShe was not working in this officethen.c s =- s-- so-sIt was not raining here yesterday.--- o sss - o -s -- ss ss - s -- - s continuous - -s-sss -so- --s -s-ssJ .c. -.-- -- attend -c.--.. J a. - .. c- -e e . -. . J .- - - c.-. o ..- - . - -. . J .c ec t -- wait .-.. .-ss -o-s -- ssss -s ---s --s ss -so---s-sso :. -- - -e .- c c.c-. ec -e - - .- - - . - -c - - -- -e c- - c c.c-. cc ccc. - . -- - continuous - . -. e .- ee---e -e-.e- Was / Were + not + 'ing' form" o--.cc* Note : .-sI, He, She, It - subject - o.s 'was not'We, You, They- subject - o.s 'were not' o---ss. .- s - o -so - - weekly testss-s-sThey were not conducting the weeklytests last year.o . s - . s s subject - tuitions-s-s-sI was not taking tuition for any subjectthen.o . ss - . s college games practise-s-sWe were not practising games in thecollege then.+o -o s - o -so - - o- - s o-prepare -sos-sHe was not preparing well for theexaminations last year.46EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S++ .ss -.s guides follow -sos-sWe were not following guides then.+a ss - o -so - - studies o-concentrate -s-sYou were not concentrating on yourstudies last year.+a . friends =-o-s s-s .-s help-s-sMy friends were not helping me then.+= s manager - o .- - office - sss-sOur manager was not coming to officelast week.+c .- s =-o - s s- s o business-s-sThey were not doing this businessthen.+c .ss -o . study classes -s attend-s-sWe were not attending the studyclasses last month.+. o. s - o -so - - hostel stay-s-sShe was not staying in the hostel lastyear.+o .s s ss -- -- wait -s-sI was not waiting for you thereyesterday.+o o. s - o -so - - o college - sso- sShe was not studying in this collegelast year.ao .ss -o- studies neglect -s-sWe were not neglecting our studieslast time.+ . s - o -so - - s job -- - s try-s-sa .ss =-o-ss-s o problem face-s-sa -os s o book refer -s-s= o. s =-o - s s- s o so so-sc .ss -o.-- strike -s-sc .- s - . s o town ss+ s - s. . s - o -so - - NIIT o course-s-so .ss -.s o oil use -s-so - so - - . s ss o---ssss s-s-s+o -.s D.M.K. o N.D.A sos-support -s-s++ s brother - o -so - - business-s-s--s+a . s - . s competitive o- - sprepare -sos-s+a .ss =-o-ss-s s personalmatters oso discuss -s-s+= s lecturers -o- special -sss-s-s+c . ss - o -so - - maths tuitions-s---sUnited we stand, Divided we fall.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S47 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESQUESTION FORM--- o sss - o -s -- ss ss- s -- - s continuous - -s ss-so- +--s-s-ssJ t- - . -- _ . - -..- J a. - - c.-. t -e o-e--. c.J t brother -.. Delhi Job . - -. .. J tc. ec e : _ - -e c-.. . - -. .. .-ss -o-s -- ssss -s continuous - - - ss+--ss --s-sso :. c.- - -e .- c c.c-. -c- ec - .- - - . - -c - - ---e . cc. c-.cc .-- continuous - .--. .- ee _-.e- Was / Were + Verb + 'ing' form" o--.cc* Note : .- sI, He, She, It - subject - o.s 'was'We, You, They - subject - o.s 'were' o---ss1. .s s o time s-o.. cWas I sleeping at that time yesterday?2. ss- s - o .- - Physics practicals- - .- cWere you doing Physics practicals lastweek ?a ss- s s wedding cards - - -.- cWere you distributing the weddingcards yesterday ?4. o time -os important letters type- -. cWas he typing the important letters atthat time ?5. o. s s =-: - - rest s- s-- cWas she taking rest at homeyesterday?6. .- s - o .- - hall-tickets issue- -.- cWere they issuing hall-tickets lastweek ?7. s =- s- s so - cWas it raining here yesterday ?o - - s s s- -- - : -.- cWas Sri Chandra Babu touring inWarangal district yesterday ?9. - o .- - o - - s s =-: -: -canvas - -.- cWere the party candidates canvassingfrom door to door last week ?10. - : -- - so - o -s-sss - s - cWas the then Congress governmentimplementing these schemes ?48EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS++ s o time ss =-: -- sss- -.scWhat were you doing at home at thistime yesterday ?12. s ss o shop sss --.s cWhat were you buying in that shopyesterday ?13. Accident o- ss ss -- s.s-s drive -s.-s cWho was driving the car when theaccident happened ?14. s: s--s o.s s hospital - o -- so -- cIn which hospital was she undergoingtreatment till yesterday ?+c ss- s s . - - .- wai t- -.- s cWhere were you waiting for meyesterday?16. o s - . s .s- s -. -.-s cWho was feeding those children then?17. ss- s o:o s-- . e . sss: -- .s- s s: s - -.- scWho was speaking in the meetingwhen you went to the auditorium ?18. .- s s .- s- s o building s-s-s.-s cWhy were they demolishing thatbuilding yesterday ?19. o ss ss s .-o ss-- s - -.- s cHowmay passengers were travellingin the bus at that time ?20. -os so sss argue - -. s?What was he arguing with you ?+ s --o ss- s train -- -.- ca ss-s last year result -- hard work- -.- ca -o s =-o - s s- s s- s help- -. c= o. s s o time special itemso - s - - cc .-s =-o-s s-s o -s s- -.- cc Last summer ss English grammar. - s - s--.. c. -o.-- ss-s office s -o buildings- shift - -.- co s o s- ss .- - . -.sco s -o ss-s sss - os -- o -.- s c+o ss- s - o -so - - - Maths.s-s teach - -.- s c++ .- s s .- s- s o - s s---.- s c+a s-s -.s .s-s help - -.- sc+a Last summer ss s course- -.s c+= Last year ss busi ness .s- s-s-s-s.-s c+c ss s o time -- .- s- ss s.s cConfidence is the first secret of success.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S49 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss - o - -- - s continuous - - - s -- ss - so- +-- s-s-ssJ a. last month hostel stay J t- last year classes - attend.--.. -c.-.. J .- - - c.-. o ..- - . - -. . J ec tc. T.V. match . - - -. . .-ss -o- --s -- ss -so- +--ss --s-sso :. c.- - -e .- c c. c-. ec - .- - - . - -c - - - - -ec- - cc.c-.cc .-- continuous - .--.e .- ee ---e negativesense _-.ec -e-.e- "Wasn't/Weren't + Verb + "ing" form o--.cc* Note : .- sSubject - I, He, She, It --.s 'Wasn't s-ssWe, You, They --.s 'Weren't s-ssNEGATIVE QUESTION FORM+ s ss . - - wait - - - cWeren't you waiting for me yesterday?a ss l ast week cl asses - attend-so- cWeren't you attending the classes lastweek ?a -os -.s s-s help --cWasn't he helping you then ?= -o =- s-- so- cWasn't it raining here last night ?c .- s - . s o house - rent pay-- cWeren't they paying rent for this housethen ?c s buses o-s-sos- cWeren't the buses plying yesterday ?. -o s l ast year j ob - - try-s-cWasn't he trying for a job last year ?o o. s last year Maths - coachings-s-- cWasn't she taking coaching for Mathslast year ?o -o s - . s programmes participate-- cWasn't he participating in programmesthen ?+o .-s =-o-ss-s ss-s study classess-- cWeren't they conducting study classesto you previously ?50EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S++ ss =-o - ss- s o book .- s- srefer --s cWhy weren't you refering to this bookpreviously ?+a ss-s =-o-ss-s o course .-s-ss--s cWhy weren't you conducting thiscourse previously ?+a -o s l ast year .- s- s j ob--scWhy wasn't he doing job last year ?+= o.s =-o-ss-s medicines .-s-ss-s--scWhy wasn't she taking medicinespreviously ?+c ss- s - . s grammar .- s- s.-s-s--scWhy weren't you learning grammarthen?+c -o s - . s money .- s- s save--s cWhy wasn't he saving money then ?+. o.s -.s ss-s o subject .-s-steach --s cWhy wasn't she teaching you thissubject then ?+o ss- s - . s games .- s- s practise-s-s cWhy weren't you practising gamesthen ?+o -o s - . s s s .- s- ss---s cWhy wasn't he listening to your wordsthen ?ao .- s ss - . s .- s- s -o -s cWhy weren't they encouraging youthen ?+ ss s o time -- ss- ca ss- s l ast year o books fol l ow-so- ca o.s s notes .s-- c= .-s =-o-s s-s o problem face-- cc -os last year job -- cc ss last week duty - attend -so- c. o. s last year o college - sso- co .- s =-o - s s- s o town ss+- co ss- s =-o - s s- s o scooter .- s- suse --s c+o -os last year job -- .-s-s try--s c++ .- s s- s - . s salary .- s- s pay--s c+a ss last week library - .- s- ss-s c+a ss- s - . s -o s - s- .- s- s--so-s c+= s buses .-s-s o-s-so-s c+c ss-s -.s accounts .- s- s maintain---scAbility is poorman's wealth.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S51 UUUUUU UUUUUUUREVISIONWhat have we learnt today ?ccc. o -- .: .--.c. o- sss ss Spoken English Course "Was/Were + Verb + 'ing'form" -so- .-s-s.s sss grammar Past Continiuous Tense --:-s ss1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. Negative Question Form-s = parts .-s-s.s o = parts -- o revise -s-s-s1. POSITIVE FORM :-o-s -- ssss-s ---s continuous - - - -- ss - so---s-s ''was / were + Verb + 'ing' form" o---ssEx : 1. I was reading this novel last night.2. We were traveling in the train last night.3. She was suffering from malaria last month.2. NEGATIVE FORM :-o-s -- ssss-s ---s continuous - --s -- ss -so---s-s "was /were + not + Verb + 'ing' form" o---ssEx : 1. I was not using this scooter then.2. We were not attending the classes last week.3. She was not staying in our house then.3. QUESTION FORM :-o-s -- ssss-s ---s continuous - - - -- ss - so-+--ss --s-s "Was /Were + Verb+'ing' for m' o---ssEx : 1. Were you suffering from a fever last week ?2. Was it raining here yesterday ?3. Were they helping you then ?4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM :-o-s -- ssss-s ---s continuous - --s -- ss-so- negative sense +--ss --s-s "Wasn't /Weren't + Verb+ 'ing' form" o---ssEx : 1. Weren't you waiting for us yesterday ?2. Wasn't he studying in this college last year ?3. Weren't they coming here then ?UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S52o -- -e verbs .e .-. three forms .---.-I Form II Form III Form MeaningZ81. Accompany accompanied accompanied .-os- s-s82. Accumulate accumulated accumulated - s 83 Accuse accused accused s-.84 Accustom accustomed accustomed -.s s85 Achieve achieved achieved --- s86 Act acted acted : -- s87 Add added added - s 88 Addict addicted addicted s- .s- 89 Address addressed addressed ---- s90 Adjust adjusted adjusted o-91. Admire admired admired . s- s-s92. Adopt adopted adopted oo s-s93. Adore adored adored o---- s94. Advise advised advised - =-s95. Affix affixed affixed --:--s96. Adulterate adulterated adulterated -t-97. Advertise advertised advertised -:--s98. Agree agreed agreed - .-s99. Aim aimed aimed -sos -s100. Alight alighted alighted ---- --sAppear like a winner evenif you lose.o - Spoken English lesson s Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,Negative Question Form - .-s-s.-s - .ss-: confusion - s- ss- -- oo 4 parts - s- ss- s own - -s .-s practise - s-UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S53 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESFUTURE CONTINUOUSsss -s ss s. o s s --o -- continuous - --ss o ss s. o s . --o -s - --s continuous - -s-s o-ss = s. o s - - s -- ss - so- =o - s- s -- s - s- ssJ .c - c-e --.-- classes - J . c. c. . holidays c- c--e-c--ec -..--ec.J .- -c-e cc ---e- J - . - c-e cc stay . -e. o .- ss s. o s continuous - --s ss --s-sso :. c.- :. . e .- c c. c-. -c- - . c. .- - c. . c. -c - - - :. . e c- - c c.c-. cc ccc. - . -- - continuous - . -. .- ee -e-.e-"Will + be + Verb + ing form " o--.cc* Note : 'Be' -s ss 'Future' 'Be' form --s-s .-s subject - Singular, Plural s "will + be + ing form " s-ss1. . s =- s- sincere - s-s-:sI will be working sincerely hereafter.a . ss s- . s o stay-s-:sWe will be staying at our village nextmonth.a s sister next year university -sso o-s--My sister will be studying in theuniversity next year.= -o s =- s- ss- s hel p-s-:sHe wil be helping us hereafter.c .-s next month o--s prepare-sos-:-sThey will be preparing for theexaminations next month.c . s =- s- s uncle advice: s -:sI will be following my uncle's advicehereafter.. . ss =- s- -- s- - rent pay-s-:sWe will be paying rent regularlyhereafter.o s brother P.G. o - s.o job - try-s-:sMy brother will be trying for a job afterhis P.G.o s- . .- s teacher post - sinterviews s-s-:-sThey will be conducting the interviewsfor the teacher posts next month.+o . s =- s- o- new words.-s-s-s-:sI will be learning new words every dayhereafter.54EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ . s =- s- s- s o - - s- - . o-:sa .ss next two months o game -practise -s-:sa s brother =- s- . - - o-: s= o. s - o time - =- - s s s -s--c ss Maths teacher - ss- s. s ssdoubts clarify -s-:-sc =- s- . s . : - . s s- s inform-s-:s. s- . --o s ss- o .s - -- - -:- so s- .s- s -so - ss s cousinMadras Engineering -s-:so . s =- s- .- ss- G.K. booksrefer -s-:s+o .- s - ss- - -- . s- s-s-:-s++ =- ss o mill - s-s-s--+a s- .-o .-s -o s- list o - s-s-:-s+a o course .s ss guide -s-:s+= .ss - o time - Bangalore --s-s--:s++ .ss =- s- o new vehicle use-s-:sWe will be using this new vehiclehereafter.+a s father next year busi ness-s-:-sMy father will be doing business nextyear.+a o. s =- s- homeopathic mediciness-s-s--She will be taking Homeopathicmedicines hereafter.+= .- s =- ss strict - accountsmaintian -s-:-sThey will be maintaining the accountsstrictly hereafter.+c . ss =- s- rules follow -sos-:sWe will be following the rul eshereafter.+c s sister next year M.Phil - s -s--My sister will be doing M.Phil nextyear.+. .- s =- ss o.- - testss-s-:-sThey will be conducting tests everyweek hereafter.+o .s =-s- diary .s-:sI will be writing diary hereafter.+o .ss s-.-- Chemistry practicals-s-:sWe will be doing Chemistry practicalsnext week.ao . s =- s- money save - s -:sI will be saving money hereafter.Where there is a will, there is a way.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S55 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss s. o s s -- ss ss - s -- - s continuous ---s -- ss -so- --s-s-ssJ .c - a --t work .c J . c. - - e a.- . c.J - . c. -c - - - .. . . c. J a. - -.. stay .. .- ss s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s continuous - - - s ss--s-sso :. -- :. . e .- c c. c-. -c- - . c. .- - c. . c. -c - - - :. . e c- - c c. c-. cc ccc. - . -- - continuous -.--.e .- ee ---e -- -e-.e- " Will not + be + Verb + 'ing' form" o--. cc* Note : .- ssubject - Singular, Plural s " will not + be + 'ing' form" o --- s sNEGATIVE FORM1. . s =- ss o -- s - ssI will not be committing this mistakehereafter.a .ss =-s- work delay -ssWe will not be delaying the workhereafter.a s brother s- -so - - o job-ssMy brother wil not be doing this jobnext year.= o. s =- s- ss =-: - - sShe will not be coming to our househereafter.c .-s =- s- -os s.s- ~---s--sThey will not be interefering in hismatter hereafter.c .s s- -so-- hostel stay-ssI willnot be staying in the hostel nextyear.. . ss =- s- o books follow-ssWe will not be following these bookshereafter.o . s =- ss -o s- help - ssI will not be helping him hereafter.o -os =- ss-s money -sHe will not be sending us moneyhereafter.+o . ss =- -s - s- -- sWe will not be seeking his helphereafter.56EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S++ . s =- s- -o so move -sI will not be moving with him hereafter.+a - - ss- =- ss -- - s- s- - sSri Karunani dhi will not beparticipating i n pol i ti cs acti vel yhereafter.+a Indi an Cri cket Team s- -- s -so -s - . o s- o sThe Indian Cricket Team will not beplaying matches against Pakistan nexttwo years.+= .s =-s- o vehicle use -ssI will not be using thi s vehi cl ehereafter.+c . ss =- s- work neglect - ssWe will not be neglecting the workhereafter.+c so s =- ss o scheme s-sss--sThe government will not beimplementing this scheme hereafter.+. . s =- -o so - - ssI will not be making friends with himhereafter.+o .- s =- o town ss+-- - sThey will not be living in this townhereafter.+o -. ---t next test series teams lead -ssSourab Ganguly will not be leadingthe team in the next test series.ao .s next month . holidays waste- ss I will not be wasting my holidays nextmonth.+ .s =- s- :s o programme-sa . ss =- s- class - late - -sa .s =-s- -ss= -os =-s- .o-:- .sc o.s =- s- o medicine s-sc .- s s- . s programmess----s. . s =- -o s - : -- so .ss =- .o- co-operate -sso -o s s- -so - - studies continue-ss+o .- s =- s- o bank amountdeposit -s-s++ .s =- o shop sss -s+a .-s =- o - donations ss-s-s+a . ss =- o s. s- risk s-s+= .s =- os night duty -ss+c --o o line trains sssSlow and steady wins the race.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S57 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLES--- o sss s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s continuous - -sss -so- +--s-s-ssJ a. next year university J .- -c-e regular - - - ..c.-e-. e-c.-e-J ccc. -c-e English c-e..c- J . c - . o text book refer . -. . .- ss s. o s s -- ss ss - s -- - s continuous - -s-sss +--ss --s-sso :. -- :. . e .- c c.c-. - . c. .- - c. . c. -c - - - :. . e c- - c c.c-. cc ccc. - . -- - . -. .- ee _ -. e- " Shall / Will + be + Verb + 'ing' form" o--.cc* Note : .- sI, We - Subject - ss 'Shall',You, He, She, It, They - Subject - ss 'Will' o---ssQUESTION FORM1. .s =- =oso s:sos-cShall I be talking to him here?2. sss -o - .: o - s-s-s-s cShall we be preparing the notes of ourown ?3. ss next year job - - so s -:.cWill you be trying for a job next year?4. -o s =- s- sso. o-:cWill he be staying with us hereafter?5. o. s - o time o : -celebrate - s- s- o-s-cWill she be celebrating her birthdayat this time tomorrow ?6. .-s o --s .s final o- ---sprepare -so o-:-cWill they be preparing for the finalexaminations these two months?7. sss- o - o . s- so- o s -:-cWill the Cheif-minister be discussingwith the party leaders tomorrow?8. ss- s =- s- o o-.- - ss.- s- s -:-cWill you be conducting seminarsevery Sunday hereafter?9. .- s =- s- stri ct - rul es: s -:-cWill they be following the rules strictlyhereafter?10. Next series - Dravid team slead -s-:cWill Dravid be leading the team inthe next series also?58EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS++ o s sss sss-s-scWhat shall we be doing theseholidays?12. .s - s-- .- wait -s--cWhere shall I be waiting for youtomorrow?13. sss s- . s subject prepare-sos-scWhich subject shall we be preparingnext month?14. =- s- ss . - - .s- s-s-:-scWho will be looking after yourbusiness hereafter ?15. .- s s- . .- s- s -:- scWhere will they be working nextmonth?+c ss =- s- .-o salary draw-s-:scHowmuch salary will you be drawingherfeafter?+. .- s -- .s - s +- -- so s-:- scHowmany days will they beundergoing training there?+o - -- ss .s- s supervise-s-:-scWho will be supervising the workthere tomorrow?+o ss-s o ss . -sos-:-scHow will you be spending theseholidays?ao s- s -- .s- s - s- - s -:- scWho will be helping you there ?+ . s s- o - s- - s o letters type-s- ca sss =-s- morning class -sattend -ssca ss =- s- o medi ci ne s- s-:.c= ss- s s- . - o- s . s -:-cc -o s =- s- si ncere -s-s-:cc .- s =- s- o vehi cl e use- s -:-c. ss =- s- o. money save-s-:.co o. s next year S.V. sso: M.Phil -s-s-co .-s =-s- business accountsmaintain -s-:-c+o =-- s-ss s- .-- practicals- s -:-c++ -o s- s sss s- s .- -s-sc+a . s =- s- regular - =- - sss-c+a ss- s s- -so - - .- -ssos-:-sc+= ss o course .s- s guide-s-:-sc+c s- . s s ss- s sss.-s-s-:-scBe good, Do good.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S59 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESNEGATIVE QUESTION FORM--- o sss =o - so s: s- s . s s. o s -- - s continuous ---s -- ss -so- negative sense +--s-s-ssJ tc. -c-e night meal a-. J t- - c-e a -e ec--.- J -. - c-e cc move -c. J a. -c-e college ..c. .- ss s. o s - - s -- ss - so- +-- ss -- s- sso :. c.- :. . e .- c c.c-. - . c. .- - c. . c. -c - - - :. . e c- - c c. c-. cc .- - continuous - .--.e .- ee---e negative sense _-.ec -e-.e- "Shalln't/Won't + be + Verb + "ing" form o--.cc* Note :I, We > Subject - o.s 'Shalln't be' s-ssYou, He, She, It, They > Subject - o.s 'Won't be' s-ss+ ss next year o col l ege -sso-. cWon't you be studying in this collegenext year ?a ss-s =- o town ss+--- cWon't you be living i n thi s townhereafter ?a -os =- =--s - cWon't he be coming here hereafter?= -o s next year o col l ege s-scWon't he be working in that college nextyear ?c o.s =- =- o- cWon't she be staying here hereafter ?c . s - s - - -- wai t--scShalln't I be waiting for you theretomorrow?. .-s =- o -s s---- cWon't they be organizing this firmhereafter ?o ss =- ss -oso move -s. cWon't you be moving wi th hi mhereafter?o os =- politics cWon't he be participating in politicshereafter ?+o sss =-ss .o- help --scShalln't we be helping them hereafter?60EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S'Wh' QUESTIONS+ ss =- s- ss brother - money-o-. ca ss- s =- ss .o- material supply--- ca -o s next year sso stay - - c= o.s =-s- medicines s- cc .-s =- s- taxes ss -s-cc ss- s =- o old vehicle use - - -c. Gangul y =- One-day matchesoso- co o.s =- oss ss :-- co .- s =- ss s. s- ~- -- s--c+o o. s =- s- ss =-: .- s- so-s c++ -o s =- s- =- - s .- s- s- sc+a .- s =- s- sso .- s- ss-s-s c+a ss next week duty - .-s-s attend-ss c+= ss- s =- s- o shop s s ss.-s-s --s c+c .-s =- s- programmes .-s-ss---s c++ o.s next year studies .-s-s continue-sscWhy won't she be continueing herstudies next year ?+a -o s s- s -- .- s- s - o-s cWhy won't he be co-operating withyou there ?+a ss- s =- s- -o s - .- s- s: -- - s cWhy won't you be following his advicehereafter ?+= os =-ss elections .-s-s-: ---s cWhy won't he be contesting in theelections hereafter ?+c .-s ss- =- .-s-s help -s-s cWhy won't they be helping ushereafter?+c s-. ss-s -s-s .-s-s attend-so--s cWhy won't you be attending theclasses next month ?+. .- s =- ss o business .- s- s---s cWhy won't they be doing that businesshereafter ?+o -o s =- ss o j ob .- s- s--scWhy won't he be doing that j obhereafter ?+o .-s =-ss -o o-s .-s-srecruit ---s cWhy won't they be recruiting the newjobs hereafter ?ao ss- s =- s- o crop .- s- s - - - s cWhy won't they be growing this crophereafter ?The harder you work, the luckier you get.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S61 UUUUUU UUUUUUUREVISIONWhat have we learnt today ?ccc. o -- .: .--.c. o- sss ss Spoken English Course ''Will + be + verb + 'ing' form"-so- .-s-s.s sss grammar Future Continuous Tense --:-sss 1. Positive Form 2. Negative Form 3. Question Form 4. NegativeQuestion Form -s = parts . - s- s.s o = parts -- o revise - s- s-s1. POSITIVE FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s Continuous - -s-s -- ss-so- --s-s ''will + be + Verb + 'ing' form o---ssEx : 1. I will be helping you hereafter.2. We will be writing examinations next month.3. He will be doing job next year .2. NEGATIVE FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s continuous - --s -- ss-so- --s-s "will +not + be+ Verb + 'ing' form" o---ssEx : 1. I willnot be wasting my time hereafter.2. We will not be coming here hereafter.3. They will not be doing this business hereafter.3. QUESTION FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s continuous - --s -- ss-so- +--ss --s-s "Shall / Will + be + Verb+'ing' form'o---ssEx : 1. Shall I be refering to this book ?2. Shall we be making arrangements tomorrow ?3. Will they be living in Hyderabad hereafter ?4. NEGATIVE QUESTION FORM : s. o s s -- ss ss- s -- - s continuous - --s -- ss-so- negative sense +--ss --s-s "Shalln't / Won't + be +Verb + 'ing' form" o---ssEx : 1. Shalln't we be using this vehicle hereafter ?2. Won't you be working here next year ?3. Won't they be supplying us the material hereafter ?UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S62o -- -e verbs .e .-. three forms .---.-I Form II Form III Form MeaningZThink like a man of action, act like a man of thought.o - Spoken English lesson s Positive Form, Negative Form, Question Form,Negative Question Form - .-s-s.-s - .ss-: confusion - s- ss- -- oo 4 parts - s- ss- s own - -s .-s practise - s-101. allot alloted alloted s - =- s102. allow allowed allowed -ssso-- s103. alter altered altered s-s104. amaze amazed amazed - - ss - o--- s105. amuse amused amused -o.s106. annoy annoyed annoyed -- s107. anticipate anticipated anticipated s-s- --s108. apologize apologized apologized -s -s-s109. appeal appealed appealed sss -s-s110. appear appeared appeared - s111. appland applanded applanded . s- s-s112. apply applied applied =sss -s-s113. appoint appointed appointed s sss-- s114. appreciate appreciated appreciated . s- s-s115. approach approached approached ss--s116. approve approved approved -sss-o-- s117. argue argued argued .--- s118. arrange arranged arranged -ss--s119. arrest arrested arrested s-120. arrive arrived arrived s-sUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S63 UUUUUU UUUUUUUEXAMPLESPRESENT PERFECTsss -s ss = . (just) - - ss -s ss =-o - s s-s: s- s ss ss- s (already) - - ss --- o =o - sos:s-s.s ---s -- ss =-o s--s =: s--s (sofar) .s - s - s--s-s-ssJ .c just .. -ee -tc J .c. already exam fee pay .c.J .c. o .- just .. :.c. J .- ,ec-- o .-- aa files clear ..- .-ss just =. -s already =-o-s s-. -s o- ss--s-sso :. c.- (i) just .. -- .c ee -e-.e- (ii) .- ee.c cc.c-e-- already --c.-... -- .c ee -e-.e- c-. (iii) ccc.c-e..c cc. c-- (sofar) .- ee .e.- . ce -e-. e- "Have / Has + III form of the Verb" o--.cc* Note : .- sSubject - I, We, You, They, --.s 'have' s-ssSubject - He, She, It --.s 'has' s-ss1. .s just =. o letter receive -s-s.sI have received this letter justnow.a .ss just =. lunch s-s.sWe have taken lunch justnow.a s father just =. s-s .-sMy father has gone out justnow.= o.s just =. s --She has just woken up.c Pinakini Express just =. s-The Pinakini Express has arrived justnow.c . s just = . -o s- message -sI have sent him the message justnow.. . ss just = . -o s- money pay-sWe have paid him money justnow.o s brother just = . office s-s-sMy brother has come from office justnow.o . s already . application form submit- sI have al ready submitted myapplication form.+o . ss already o s. s- --s-s- s-s.sWe have already taken a decision inthis matter.64EXERCISEZo .- .c. English e- translate . -.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUU, UUUU : 94406 1642S+ .s just =. lunch s-s.sa .ss just =. o .- s.sa s - just = . .- s phone - s= o. s just = . o item o - s - --c .- s just = . programme - --.- sc .s already text books -s -.s. . ss already .o- o s. s- inform-so -os already bill pay -so o. s al ready certi fi cates recei ve-s-s-+o .-s already tickets book --s++ . s = : s- - s o course +c classes - attend --.s+a .ss =:s--s - +oooo ss-.s+a sss =:s--s aoo -ss --.s+= s Engl i sh l ecturer = : s- - s= poems teach -.-s+c -o s =-o s- - s studi es - -- coooo -s -.s++ s brother already computer courseo -sMy brother has already completed thecomputer course.+a s sister already visa - s apply - -My sister has already applied for theVISA.+a .-s already meeting -s s-s -.-sThey have al ready made thearrangements for the meeting.+= .s already o movie -sI have already seen that movie.+c . ss already Principal s consult--.sWe have already consulted thePrincipal.+c s lecturers already syllabus o--sOur lecturers have already completedthe syllabus.+. . s already s father - s letter .