esro-1- press kit

8/7/2019 ESRO-1- Press kit

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ADMlNlSTRATlON

: WEDN?3SDAY P,N.September 25, 1968RELEASE NO: 68-158

\ Q l: ESRO-I

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9/19/68

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NAT ION AL AERONAUTICS AN D SPACE ADMINISTRATION W O 2-41WASHINGTON,D .C .20546 TELS'* W O 3-69

F SDAY P.M.September 25, 1968REUASE NO: 68-158

ESRO-I LAUNCH SCHEDULED

A satellits! designed3haunchqd Oct, 2, 1968, toLighta) and other relabt

and built; in Europe will bestudy t h e auro borealis (Northernphenomena of the Polar Ionosphere,

Designated ESRO-I, the satellite will be launchod ina cooperative program between the 10-nation European SpaceResearch Organization (ESRO) and the U, S. National Aero-nautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Under an agreement signed in 1964, the 185-pounds a te l l i t e will be launched by NASA aboard a four-stage Scoutlaunch vehicle from the Western Test Range in Lompoc, Calif.

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-2ESRO-1 w i l l bs placed into a near-polar o r b i t w i t h

an apogee of 1,500 kilometers (about 932 s t a t u t e miles)and a pcsrigePlanned o r b i ta l period is lo3 minutes and t h e o r b i t w i l lbe Incl ined 94 degrees re t rograde t o the Equator.

of 275 kilometers (about 171 statute iakles) .

The eight; experiment8 aboard the ESRO-I s a t e l l i t e aredesigned t o m k e int;egratad ~ ~ a ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ n t sf the energies andp i t c h angles of par t ic les impinging on t h e Polar IonotsphareI n both magnetic stoms and quiet periods. 931s effec ts of

, t h i r s a c t i v i t y to be me sured include t h e production of visiblel i g h t during auroral events and chaw 8 i n t h e electron andion density and temperature distributions.. .

The low perigee of the s a t e l l i t e will enable the verticald i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e measured p a r t i c l e s t o be determined. I naddi t ion , spec ia l high-speed transmis sions from the s a t e l l i t eover the European auroral. zone t o a ground stat ion a t Trm80,Norway, will permi t t he f i n e s t r u c tu r e o f the 8u~oma o beexamined.

Measurements by the ESRO-I will be concentrated overnorthern Europe. This w i l l enable good corre la t ion betweenground based observations and other measurements made simul-taneously with sounding rockets launched from th e ESRO rangeat K i r u n a , Sweden.


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-3-After i n j ec t i on i n t o E a r t h o r b i t , ESRO-I w i l l be

sp in-s t ab i l i zed a t about one revolution-per-minute f o rapproximately 10 days.t o lock onto t h e Earth's magnetic f i e l d f o r s t a b i l i z a t i o n

It w i l l then be despun and allowed

by means of a p a i r of strong magne.t;s Ins ide t h e sa t e l l i t e .gnet i c rods i n s i ds the c r a f t will h e l p rminimize

s a t e l l i t e osc i l l a t8ons .This w i l l be the t h i r d ESRO s a t e l l i t e t o be launched.

ESRO-IcfA, which car r ied experirslentx t o m@a#ureso la r andcosmic radiation, was launchedTest Range. The Scout Uunch vehicle failed during t h i r d -stage f i r i n g when the motor casing burned through and thespacecraf t f e l l i n the South Pacific.

y 29, 1967, from the Western

ESRO-IIB, also equipped w i t h solar and cosmic rad ia t ionexperhen t s , was launched successfully from t h e Western Test

ay 17, 1968. A Scout placed th e spacecraf t in to are t rograde orb i t inc l ined 97 degrees t o t h e Equator and mng-lng; i n a l t i tude from 204 t o 674 miles.globe once every 99 minutes.

ESRO-I1 c i r c l e s t h e

P r i m e cont rac tor for const ruct ion of t h e ESRO-I is theLaboratoire Central de Teleco nicat ions, Paris, under thet echnica l d i rec t ion 0% the European Space Technology Center(ESTEC), Noordwltjk, The Netherlands.


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NASA G-48- -more-


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-4-The e igh t experiments c ar rie d by th e ESRO-I were

provided by the Radio and Space Research Station, Slough,U. K.; Kiruna Observatory, Sweden; Bgrgen University, Norway;

Ian Defense Research Establishment, Kjeller , Norway;the Norwegian Institute of Cosmic Physics, Oslo; and theUniversity College, London.

of t h e Scandinavian experiments were produced i nconjunction w i t h t h e Technical University of Denmark i nLyngby, Demark

ESRO and NASA will exchange a l l s c i e n t i f i c i n f or e s u l t i o g from t h i s coogera%ive pro3ect and w i l l Bake ther e s u l t s a v a il a bl e t o the world scientific community.

The 10-nation members of ESRO are Belgium, Denmark,France, Federa l public of Germany, I t a l y , the Netherlands,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, w i t hheadquarters in P a r i s .Director General.

Pro fes sor Hemann Bondi i s the

Primary con t ro l of t h e ESRO-I sa t e l l i t e w i l l bemaintained a t the European Space Operation Centre's (ESOC)c o n t r o l c e n t e r i n Damstadt, Germany,

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-5 -I ESRO-I will be tracked and interrogated by th e

European Sa te l l i t e Tracking, Telelmetry and TelecoNetwork (ESTRACK) Tracking EissiPstance will be provlded

nch network under the di rec t ion of Centre NationalNASA's world-wide Space TraekingrEtudes Spat ia les (CHES).

and DATA Acquisi t ion Network ( S T ~ A ~ )services

ill provide backup

NASA p a r t i d p a l i o n i n %he ESRO pro is directedby t h e Office of Space Science and Applications, i n coopsra-t i o n w i t h the Office of Inte tionall Affairs, MASAfsGoddard Space Flight Center, Gresenbellt, Md., wpsmrisesNASAls ac t iv i t i eb , p rovides t echnica l ass1 tance, t r a i n sESRO technicians, and, for an interirel pe riod , t m e k s andacqui res the data from the spacecraft.

NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Werrtern Ts , illprovide prelauneh support and NAS ' 6 Langley Research Cpton, Va., i s responsib le f o r the four-stage Scout launch

rocket , The scout rocket i a producInc , allas,

L RIGLEASE: BBCKGROuL"a%)I


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UNLTEB STATES NA A E ~ O ~ A U ~ ~ C SND

lPhe European Space Research Organi ation (ESRO) and theUnl$ed States National Aeronautics and paoe A d m l ~ i ~ t ~ ~ t i ogram of 8 ace re rch by means of sa te l l i t e s . e object ivesare t o (a perfo r ionolsphsrepa r t i cu l a rr and comic

(NASA) a f f i a mutual desire t o under take ra t ive pro-an integrated s t u d y of t h ea s i s on auroral events and (b) I ~ Q B B ~ U T P B

It; i s planned t o accomp 8h this cooperative p rthrough pre par atio n, launch1 , nd use of two sa%elwhich are scheduled tentatfv y for launching i n 1967.a. 'fhe polar ionosphere sa t e l l i t e , t 0 be knom aCf3ESRO I, w i l l conta in experi en t s t o per foin tegra ted s t u d y of high l a i t u d e p a r t i c lt h e i r effects on the popP;ical,- heat ing, ionidynamic effects involvperturbat ions.experirnent f o r ~ ~ ~ ~ u r ~ ~f the t o t a l e le ct ro ncontent between the s a t e l l i t e and ground obmrvers.

A near-pol r eocentr i c or b i t wi th in the capabi l i tyof the prersent Scout launch vehic le i s planned forESRO I.

It w i l l a l so inelude a beacon

b. The solar as t ron y and COSGl%C Pay satsll t i te, t o be' known 8 8 ES 11, w i l l contain ewperim nts t o tne88ures o l a r rand c ic radlat ion including X-ral i ne ; Lyman pha, t rapped radial ion, erolenergy eleatrons. A near-polar eccen t r ic or bi t w i t h -i n t he capabi l i ty of t h e present Scout launch vehicleis planned for SSRO 11,It i s understood t h a t t h i s program is exper1cha rac ter and ther efo re subJect t o change i n accoaltered technical requirements and opportunities,ESRO w i l l be responsible for the following:a. Providing the experiment instrumentation.b, Designing, constructing, t e s t i n g , and del ivering t othe launch s i t e two f l i g h t q u a l i f i e d spacecraf t foreachmission.

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c , Supplying s p cec ra f t ground checkout and launchsupport equipmend , Providing such t cking and data acquis i t ion supporty be within the capabi l i ey of the projecteding the data,inees a s y be assigned pursuant

_I_ASA w i l l be responsible f o r t h @following:a. Making ava i l ab l e projec%-relb,

periods providing mutual beof r w o u m 8 i n facil%ties.Revfenirag the acaeptanca tes ts of s a t e l l i t e f l i g h tu n i t s and th e r e s u l t s of thes e tests. Fi na l deter-~~~~~1~~f %he s u i t a b i l i t y of fllaunching will be by j o i n t ESROC . PmsovldZng the Seotae launch vehicles,heal; s h i e l d s and spacecraft $%e-down and sep-a r a t i o n mechanisms, r@quiuoedf o r launching thed, Conducting tks lawnch operations, includfng ting t o t h e point where an i n i t i a l orobit is 88l i sh ede. Supplying necessary addltfo 1 t racking and 61acgu3,s%tionsupport, withof any incremental c o s t s su eby spac ia l ~~~~~~~~~ and dat

0 sat s lk i tes ,

ESRO and NASA w i l l each bear tapsc%ive re sp on ai bl l ft ies inclludiperossnnel and t ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ t ~ o nh rges on a l l equipment for whichit is mspacunasibt is i n t e n d e d that t h i X'OdtX!t PrQC @d by mutualnt between ESRO and . The resp n s i b i l i t y forish8ng t h i s w i l l res eh pro jec t gers t o be'na&edlby ESRO and NASA,

gers will cooralnate the eed functions and respon i e sof each agency w i $ h theAssisted by a Joint Workingwith appropriate membership, t h e ESRQ and NASA projec -

ESRO rand NASA will use their be& e f f o r t s t o arrange f o rfree customs clearance of equipment rsquised i n t h


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-8-ESRO and NASA w i l l exchange a l l sc ien t i f i c in format ionr e s u l t i n g from t h i s cooperative program and make the r e s u l t sf r e e l y ava i l ab l e t o t he world s c i en t i f i c community.

s) Hugh L. Drydeno r t h e National AeronauticOrganiz ation and Space Administr ationJuly 8, 1964

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SParticle pse[ssssuPlngExp

Robert Dalziel of t h roh Station,Slough, U.K., Principal IThis experi

which pointxnetio fieldwhile %rappedelectrons apoint ing perpendicularly

MaJor objeetdve of $ h i s ~~~~~~~~~t irs toenergy spectra of protone; during polar-cap s b sThe energy I?&v olts, t o be COWS? d ia 5 to 30 i l l i o a @lectronElectrostatic Analyzer (S-7143)

D r , W. Risdler of the Kimna Geophyslloden, Prfncipal Inveet igator,The purpoae o f this exp nt i r s t or of electrons and protons a% four d f f f11 as @heir pitchangle distribution inon volts for electrons, and 1.25 anargles t Q e eaaured are 1.25, 2.5vo l t s f o r protons,The dynamic range) of this ins tm BB i t p ~ s r ~ i b iobtain results both for strong auroras and for low Ionospheric

act v l t y.Measurements by thover a readout station Tromso, Mommy.

Solid-State Ibtsc%ars(S-71-6)F . Sorass, University of B e %n, Nomay

made princlpally

PrincipalThis experiment co s1sf;s of thfor measuring energy sp ctra of aurof 100,000 el 8 t o six tin1


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' a. H. Skovli of th@ Norwegian DEstablishment, KJeller, NoT h i s experthe sa te l l i te 1t i o n about the angular dThe! detec tors w i l l me, sure i n t e g r a l partlcle f luxp ~ o t o n s i t h energies less than 0.5 rrmllfion e lec t ron vand of e lec t sons leas than 40,000 eleceron vo1.P;~.

Auroral PhotoraAuroral Photometer (S-321

Dr. A . Egeland, Norwegian Institute of Cosmic Physics,Oslo, Principal Tnvestigakor,w i l l look downwards from the sa te l l i t e a1l i n e of force over the northern helzlispherthe absolute luminosity of the aurora ( t oat %wo d i f fe ren t auroral lineer (4278 and 4861flux and energy of a u r or a l p a r t i c l e s d l r e c t lIn auroral luminosi ty.

r i nen t will cons i s t of two photo

The two l i n e s w i l l be measured t o coapare c

Dr. A. P-. Wlllmor%, Universit;y Colleg , London, PrincipalThe col l ect i on of in fo

Investigator.composition and t mperature of pos i t ive ions i n the ionosphmoi s t he sc ien t i f i c ob3ec t ive of t h i s experiment. Observations

t i o n f o r a s tudy of the

ent cons i s t s of an ion probe car ried on aout 22 Inches from the top of th e sa te l l l t s .

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-11-EleotrPon ~ ~ ~ p ~ r ~ t u ~ ~nd Dgnsity Probe (S-44)Principal InvesDr, A. P . ore, University College, London,

i t y and temperraturthe distribution ofad t o an improved undhefght of the ionosphere layersaet ic disturbance,

instmnaents are two plasma ppobes, each39-inch boom projecting from the space-omft bottom perpendicular t o the satellite spinprobe i s parallel to the spin ax3.8, the other i s perpendicuiart o t h e Ispin axfs~.


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-13-Telemetry: Low-Speed Data Syetem -Low-power transmitter wieh an out-tenths of 8 wa t i n the 13

z frequency ran e for cont;in-uous data tmnsmi~3siontransmitter with an outputwatts i n th e 136-137 mhz frange for high-speed, realtransm2asion. The system also w i l ltransmit data stored by the spaces-craf-t;'s si & le tape recorder clw~ione orbit (about 100 minutes),back time i s three minutes.

H i g h - s p e ~ ~ l ata Sys.$;em- Hi

Play-Spacecraft Control: P r i m a r y control of the ESRO-I 8paoecis maintained at the European Space 0t i o n Centre s 0) ontrol center i

~ ~ ~ t ~ d t ,eTracking: The ssat;ellita w i l l be tpacked bg the Redu,Belgium, station of ESRO's European Satel-l i t e Tracking and Telec(ESTRACK) 818 well as th eeoria, SouthAfrica, and the Kourou, French Gut i cns of the seneh Centre MationSpatiales ( C s). NASA's worldwi

nd Network

and Data Acquisition Metww i l l p~ovidleadditfonal tSc$ientifJlc and spacecraft perf0w i l l be acquired fro

ESTRACK - Fairbanks, Alaska; P o r tStanley, Falkland Islands; Redu,Blglun; tend Ny--Al mmd, Spitsbe

- Station at

ESRO representative.


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1STSTAGEA L G O LI 1 B80.0Burning

*Time (sec)

2ND 3R D 4 T HSTAG STAGE STAGEC A S T 0 R A N T A R ES-a:II X - 259 F W 4 S

39.3 34.9 31.5

WE I GHTIT O T A L (Ib.)100,944 5,88423,750 . 9,766 2 778 665.1

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-14-LAUNCH VEHICLE

Scout i s 8 four-rstage s o l i d fue l rocket system. ScoutS-167 and the ESRO I spacecraft will be set on an initiallaunch azimuth of 186 degrees t o obtain a retrograde orbit.!fhe four mo%ors, Algol, Castor, Antares, and FW-4S areinterlocked with transit ion mction s that contain gU~ldanCe,control, ignit ion, instmamentat on system, s paration Qzach-s, and the spin rnoeors need d t o stabilize the fourth

provided by an o t and control achievedof aerodynamic a, Je t vanes and hydro-j e t s . The launch vehicle i s approximately 72weigh8 about 37,000 pounds at 1ift;off.The Scout rocket progr is managed by WASAra

Reaeanoch Center, Hamapton, Va.Flight Sequence

EventLiftoff i1st Stage2nd Stage Ignition

75.4279.32

2nd Stage Burnout 116.98176. 8212.88

e Ignition & Heatshield Sep

Spin-lap3rd & 4%h Stage Separation

354. 5356 3.5

e Ignition (PH-4) 360.654th Stage Rumout O~b$rCalinjS/C Separagion 686.15

688.156 9 15694.15


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-15-ESRO PROG PARTICIPANTS

Professor Hermann BondiJean Albert Dinkespiler Director, Plans and ProgramMarcel dePasse Director, AdministrationProfessor Werner Kleen

Pierre BlasselDerek MullfngerErnst TrendelenburgDr. Rudolph Jaeschke

Director, European SpaceTechnology Center (ESTEC)Noordwijk, The NetherlandsChief, Satellites & SoundingRocket Department, ESTECESRO-I Project Manager, FSTECHead, space Science PepartmentESTECESRO-I Project ScientistEuropean Space ResearchLaboratory, Noordwijkerhout,The Netherlands

National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationJohn R. HoltzRamond MillerDr. Erwin R, Schmerling

Program Manager,NASA HeadquartersProgram Engineer,NASA HeadquartersProgram Scien%ist,NASA Headquarters

Paul E. Goozh Scout Program Namger,NASA HeadquartersDr. John F. ClarkHerbert L. Eaker

Director, Goddard SpaceFlight CenterESRO-I Project Manager,Goddard .

James P. Talentino ESRO-I Project Coordinator,Dr. Leslie H. Meredith Project Scientist, GoddardRoland D, English

Goddard

Head, Scout Project Office,Langley Research Center-more-


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Operations Division

esro-1- press kit

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