evolution of photogrammetry
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Evolution of Photogrammetry. Thomas Koch. Photogrammetry Today. A broader variety of applications require geospatial data. Acquisition Processing Analysis Data hosting. Needs to specialize!. Data Acquisition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Photogrammetry Today A broader variety of applications require geospatial
data
Construction Building status monitoring
Agriculture Natural Research
Cadastre Tourism Archaeology
Planning Forestry Land Use Telecom-munication
Mapping Cities
Acquisition Processing Analysis Data hosting
Needs to specialize!
Data Acquisition
The application defines the best suited acquisition method and processing routines– Data availability, time for preparation, processing, scale, precision,
area size
RealWorks Inpho
TBC PMUASMaster
Expertise
How much photogrammetric expertise can we expect for a specific application?
Ease of use vs. advanced processing (flexibility) Less interactive possibilities vs. more interactive options to ensure success on more
challenging projects Expert quality assurance required? Less expertise vs. more expertise required
GO
Star
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Stop
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updo
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Challenge for software development
How to ensure precision, proof with “low expertise” software?– Application specifies the target precision level and
complexity– Highest accuracy, reliability requires expertise!– We need: More automation, easier workflows with
“expert” mode/tools
How to address data volumes
Dense point clouds High resolution orthos ... How to store/host massive data How to share and distribute
Web data hosting Web Service
Web Service
Local SoftwareLocal data hosting
Web data hosting
Local data hosting
Local Web Store
Sending Data
Web Store / Download
Storage capacity
Compression
Intermediate data
Local / Web
Effects on Software Development
Web applications Computer evolution (memory, CPUs,
Clusters...) Demand for complete “vertical” solutions “connected devices” (mobile, desktop...) Combining all data from different sources
Software needs to specialize
According to input data– UAS (large or small)– Aerial Frame– Pushbroom– Satellite– LiDAR– Survey
Software needs to specialize
According to Application to provide most suitable and smooth workflow– “vertical” market requirements
Area Size, Scale Ease of UseExpert Level
Precision Level
Analysis Hosting
Necessary Technical Changes
Cameras– Lower geometric quality / stability– Higher resolution– Radiometry– Spectral (e.g. thermal)– Correction methods
Matching Techniques– FBM-LSM-SIFT...SGM
Automated analysis workflows (eCognition) Web-Services
Inpho technical evolution
How high resolution cameras affect earth curvature corrections– “traditional” way (ASPRS manual of photogrammetry) proposes a simplified formula
e.g. with consideration of a mean terrain height per image, only– Revised formula implemented in INPHO ( see K. Krauss Band2 3rd Edition ) considers
individual height values
K. Kraus Band2 3rd Edition p176 5.4-6Without second term (ASPRS)
Case Hf above ellipsoid delta in micron delta in micron
A 125 0,0871 0,09
B 1125 -1,4808 0,09
C 2125 -3,0487 0,09
Traditional way proved to be accurate enough while resolution of
cameras was still coarser! Corrections would have been about
1/10 pixel
For high resolution cameras, difference gets significant! Corrections range up to about 1 pixel
* A lot of software is not taking care of that fact!
Most robustVery slowAccurate
Less robustSlower
Very accurate
Robust,Quick,
Coarse
Evolution of algorithms The right algorithm for the right input
– Different characteristics of input data– Different requirements for deliverables– Why is specialized software so important? Example UASMaster:
Characteristics:• Lower geometric quality of
cameras,• Lower quality of
approximations• Larger orientation angles• Lower image quality (smears,
motion blur...)• Larger image scale
(perspectives)
Robustness over speed
FBM
LSM
SIFT...
Characteristics:• high geometric quality
of cameras,• high quality of
approximations• small orientation
angles• Good image quality• Smaller scale
Speed over robustnes
UAS Trad. Photogr.
UASMaster is different Fully automatic one-stop solution
(AT/georeferencing, cameracalibration, DTM/DSM, trueortho or traditional orthomosaic)
Optional break-points and parametrization Addtional QA/QC Full stereovisualization and more
manual/automated editing capability
Complete INPHO in one tool, limited to UAS data
Based on adapted and now even more advanced INPHO core algorithms
TBC-PMUASMa
sterinpho
Level of expertise
Example: Quality Editing (UASMaster)
Georeferencing refinements Automated / manual
DTM/DSM/Ortho editing
Evolution of data density and quality
Quality improvements for dense matching (point clouds)
comparison
Evolution into space
Satellite triangulation capability in MATCH-AT– Drivers:
quick acquisition for huge areas Surveying hazardous areas Surveying areas that are hard to access
– Key to success: Full automation (e.g. tie point measurements) Rigorous quality assessment and refinement options Accurate and reliable georeference Seamless workflow to follow-up tasks (DTM/DSM,
Ortho...feature extraction)
Evolution of format variety
Driver– Variety of applications– Variety of software solutions– Variety of acquisition methods– Recent additions: Trimble Geoids
LAS1.4LAS compression
EXIFJPEG XR
JPEG 2000
Camera Conversion
Multi-IMU support
Additional transformations /
projections
Evolution of tools and workflows
Keep it simple– Reduce complexity
All georeferencing in ONE tool– Frame imagery– Pushbroom imagery– Satellite imagery
Evolution of tools and workflows
High performance point cloud
visualisation
Polygon Checks
Automatic correlation based
terrain following for 3D measurements
More effective batch conversions,
editing, deliverable creation for point
clouds in DTMaster