Jenis kapal What is DWT Deadweight tonnage(also known asdeadweight; abbreviated toDWT,D.W.T.,d.w.t., ordwt) is a measure of how muchweighta ship iscarryingor can safely carry;[1][2][3]it does not include the weight of the ship. DWT is the sum of the weights ofcargo, fuel,fresh water,ballast water, provisions, passengers, andcrew.[1] DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that itsPlimsoll lineis at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.Deadweight tonnage was historically expressed inlong tons[note 1]but is now usually given internationally intonnes(metric tons).[4]In modern international shipping conventions such as theInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Seaand theInternational Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, deadweight is explicitly defined as the difference in tonnes between the displacement of a ship in water of aspecific gravityof 1.025 (corresponding to average density ofsea water) at thedraftcorresponding to the assignedsummer freeboardand thelight displacement(lightweight) of the ship.[5][6]

DWT is calculated on the summation of the weights of shipments or cargo, crew, passenger, provisions, fuel, fresh water, and ballast water

A Guide to Understanding Ship Weight and Tonnage MeasurementsbyBEN DINSMOREonMAY 16, 2011Do you know the difference between Net Tonnage and Lightweight Tonnage? By my count there are at least six different ways a vessels tonnage is measured in regards to ships, MODUs, and other types of commercial vessels (Displacement Tonnage,Standard Displacement Tonnage,Deadweight Tonnage,Lightweight Tonnage,Gross Registered Tonnage, andNet Registered Tonnage).If youre a little confused about what all these different units of measurement mean, heres a quick guide to help straighten you out the next time someone asks you how much your ship weighs.What is Displacement Tonnage:

Displacement tonnage is nothing more than the total weight of the volume of water a ship displaces when it is sitting in the water.Imagine you had a large bucket filled to the brim with water. Now, suppose you gently placed a basketball in the bucket causing some of the water in the bucket to spill out. Once the basketball had stabilized and was freely floating in the bucket, the weight of the water that was displaced is equal to the displacement (or weight) of the basketball.What is Standard Displacement Tonnage:

Standard displacement tonnage is basically the same thing as displacement tonnage with one minor difference. When calculating standard displacement tonnage, you subtract the weight of any fuel and potable water carried on board the ship.What is Deadweight Tonnage:

Deadweight tonnage is the weight (in tons) of all the cargo, fuel, dry provisions, supplies, etc. carried on board the ship. In other words, it is the displacement tonnage of the vessel minus the lightweight tonnage (see lightweight tonnage below). Deadweight tonnage is a good indication for ship owners and clients of how much revenue the vessel is capable of generating.What is Lightweight Tonnage:

Lightweight tonnage is best described as the weight of the ship when it was built in the shipyard including all framing, machinery, decking, etc. However, lightweight tonnage does not include the weight of any consumable such as fuel, water, oil, or supplies.What is Gross Registered Tonnage:

Gross registered tonnage is a measurement of volume of all enclosed spaces on a ship with 100 cubic feet = to one ton. For instance, if the total cubic volume of all the enclosed spaces on aship were 340,000 cubic feet, the gross registered tonnage will most likely be 3400 gross tons (340,000 cu. feet/100 cu feet/ton = 3400 Gross Tons).Gross Tonnage or Gross Tons is what youll see most often on official ship documents and certificates, but youll also set net tons and deadweight tons (expresses DWT) used from time to time.What is Net Registered Tonnage:

Net registered tonnage is also a measurement of volume however you only consider the volume of actual cargo storage areas when dividing the cubic volume in feet by 100 to get your tonnage. This includes any tanks, cargo holds, etc. that are normally used for transporting cargo.http://www.themaritimesite.com/a-guide-to-understanding-ship-weight-and-tonnage-measurements/

Sketsa dimensi kapal dan keternngannya Definitions and terminologiesFirst, lets learn the definitions of some very important terminologies which are essential from the dimensioning point of view.

Summer load waterline or design waterline: The line that runs along the waterplanes, from aft to the fore of the ship is known assummer load waterline. It is the line at which the ship is generally floating with its load.Fore perpendicular: It is the vertical line passing through the point of intersection of the summer load line with forward side of the stem.Aft perpendicular: It is the line perpendicular to the waterplane and passing through the centerline of the rudder pintles.Length between perpendiculars (lbp): The distance measured along the summer load water plane from fore to aft perpendicular is known aslength between perpendiculars.Length overall (loa): It is the distance measured parallel to the summer load waterline between the extreme points at the forward and the aft. The extreme point at the forward can be taken on the bulbous bow.Length on the waterline (lwl): It is the distance measured between the intersections points of the bow and the after end with the summer load waterline. In case it is not mentioned, the length of the summer load waterline is taken into consideration as the length of the waterline.Midship or amid ship: The midpoint between the aft and the forward perpendicular is known as midship or amid ship. The section passing through this point and which is normal to the waterplane is calledmidship section.The term beam is quoted at amid ship. Thebreath extremeis measured at amid ship. It is also known asmoulded breadth line. Few more

Depth: The depth of the ship varies along the length. But the depth of the ship is taken as the distance between the undersides of the deck amid ship to the bottom of the keel. You might not get an exact value of depth as the hull is symmetrical and the depth varies thorough out the ship. For example, the depth is greater at stern than at midship.Width or beam or extreme breadth: The width of the ship is also known as theextreme breadth. It is generally measured at the amid ship. It is the greatest distance between the two sides of the ship at the greatest width.Sheer: It is measured as the rise of the deck towards the stem or stern. It is the height of the deck at the side above the deck at sides amidships.Camber or round of beam: It can be defined as the side of the deck going from side to the centre of the ship.Rise of floor or dead rise: At the amidships region, the bottom of the ship is extended out to intersect themoulded breadth line. The rise or the height of this intersection above the keel is known asrise of floor or dead rise.Tumble home: If the sides of the ship at the amidships is not vertical and if the upper deck beam is less than the waterline, it is said to havetumble home.Draught: It is the distance between the keel and the waterline at any point along the length of the ship.Moulded draughtis measured from the inside of the keel plating.Trim: The difference between the draughts at forward and aft is known as thetrim. Trim is mentioned as by the bow or by the stern depending upon which one is greater.Freeboard: It is essential in determining the stability of the ship. It is the difference between the depth at side and the draught, i.e. it is the height of the deck above the waterline. Freeboard is generally less at amidships than at bow and stern. http://www.brighthubengineering.com/naval-architecture/26220-what-are-the-basic-dimensions-of-a-ship/ Fungsi masing-masing dimensi, mis: draft berhubungan dengan kedalaman etc The equivalent of TEU Thetwenty-foot equivalent unit(oftenTEUorteu) is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used to describe the capacity ofcontainer shipsandcontainer terminals.[1]It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1m)intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box which can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains and trucks.[1] There is a lack of standardisation in regard to height, ranging between 4feet 3inches (1.30m) and 9feet 6inches (2.90m), with the most common height being 8feet 6inches (2.59m).[2]Also, it is common to designate 45-foot (13.7m) containers as 2 TEU, rather than 2.25 TEU. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit

Cargo ships/freighters can be divided into five groups, according to the type of cargo they carry. These groups are:1. General cargo vessels2. Tankers3. Drybulk carriers4. Multi-purpose vessels5. Reefer shipsGeneral cargo vessels carry packaged items like chemicals, foods, furniture, machinery, motor- and military vehicles, footwear, garments, etc.Tankers carry petroleum products or other liquid cargo.Dry bulk carriers carry coal, grain, ore and other similar products in loose form.Multi-purpose vessels, as the name suggests, carry different classes of cargo e.g. liquid and general cargo at the same time.A Reefer (or Refrigerated) ship is specifically designed[1]and used for shipping perishable commodities which requiretemperature-controlled, mostlyfruits,meat,fish,vegetables,dairy productsand otherfoodstuffs.Specialized types of cargo vessels includecontainer shipsandbulk carriers(technically tankers of allsizesare cargo ships, although they are routinely thought of as a separate category). Cargo ships fall into two further categories that reflect the services they offer to industry: liner and tramp services. Those on a fixed published schedule and fixed tariff rates are cargo liners. Tramp ships do not have fixed schedules. Users charter them to haul loads. Generally, the smaller shipping companies and private individuals operate tramp ships. Cargo liners run on fixed schedules published by the shipping companies. Each trip a liner takes is called a voyage. Liners mostly carry general cargo. However, some cargo liners may carry passengers also. A cargo liner that carries 12 or more passengers is called a combination or passenger-cum-cargo line.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_ship

Cargo shipping is alow marginbusiness model that requires vessels to be fully loaded in order to sustain profitable operations. When a ship is in the design phase it is almost always structured in a specific classification of naval architecture and built to serve a specific route or purpose.Vessels that are built to pass through specific bottlenecks while carrying the maximum amount of cargo are termed -max. For example a freighter designed to pass through thePanama Canalare called Panamax. This means that the ship will fit into a minimum bounding box that matches the dimensions of the smallest locks in the canal. A bounding box is measured in three dimensions and includes areas under water and above the ship in addition to maximum length and width. In a maritime specific case the dimensions of the bounding box have some different but still familiar names.Draftis the measurement from the surface of the water to the bottom.Beamis the width of a vessel at its widest point. Length is measured as the overall length of a ship but in some cases maximum dimensions might consider the length at the waterline which can differ significantly from length overall (LOA) because of theDeadriseof the hull. The final measurement is Air Draft which is the measure of the maximum height above the waterline of any structure on the ship.Other terms you will see areGross Tonnage(GT) andDead Weight Tonnage(DWT) and while many perceive this as a measure of weight it is actually described best as a measure of volume of the vessels hull.Weight only factors in when an equivalent weight of water displaced by the hull needs to be expressed.http://maritime.about.com/od/shipbuilding/a/Cargo-Vessel-Size-Classifications.htmShip Size DefinitionsMost of these definitions pertain to cargo vessels but they can be applied to any kind of ship. Military and cruise ships can also be classified under these definitions but the most common usage concerns cargo ships.Aframax This classification almost always refers to an oil tanker although it is occasionally applied to other bulk commodities. These vessels serve oil producing areas with limited port resources or where man made canals lead to terminals that load raw petroleum products.The size limitations in this class are few. The main restriction is the beam of a vessel which in this case cannot exceed 32.3 Meters or 106 feet. Tonnage of this type of vessel is approximately 120,000 DWT.Capesize Here is one of the instances where the naming scheme is different but the concept is the same. A Capesize class of ship is limited by the depth of theSuez Canalwhich is currently 62 feet or about 19 meters. The soft geology of the region has allowed the canal to be dredged to a greater depth since it was first built and it possible the canal will be dredged again in the future so this classification may change its maximum draft limit.Capesize vessels are large bulk carriers and tankers that get their name from the route they must take to bypass the Suez Canal. This route takes the past theCape of Good Hopein Africa orCape Hornoff of South America depending on the final destination of the ship.The displacement of these vessels can range from 150,000 to as much as 400,000 DWT.Chinamax Chinamax is a little bit different since it is determined by the size of port facilities rather than physical obstructions. This term is not only applied to ships but also to port facilities themselves. Ports that can accommodate these very large vessels are referred to as Chinamax compatable.These ports do not necessarily need to be anywhere near China they only need to meet the draft requirements of dry bulk carriers in the 350,000 to 400,000 DWT range while not exceeding 24 meters or 79 feet of draft, 65 meters or 213 feet of beam, and 360 meters 1,180 feet of overall length.Malaccamax Here is another situation for naval architects where the main restriction is draft of the vessel. TheStrait of Malaccahas a depth of 25 meters or 82 feet so ships of this class must not exceed this depth at the lowest point of the tidal cycle.Vessels serving this route can gain capacity in the design phase by increasing beam and length at the waterline in order to carry a greater capacity in a limited draft situation.Panamax This class is the most commonly recognized to most people since it refers to the Panama Canal which is quite famous in its own right.The current size limitations are 294 meters or 965 feet in length, 32 meters or 106 feet of beam, 12 meters or 39.5 feet of draft, and 58 meters or 190 feet of air draft so vessels can fit under the Bridge of the Americas.The canal opened in 1914 and by 1930 there were already plans to enlarge the locks to pass larger vessels. In 2014 a third larger set of locks will begin operations and define a new class of vessels called New Panamax.New Panamax has size limitations of 366 meters or 1200 feet of overall length, 49 meters or about 160 feet of beam, and a draft of 15 meters or 50 feet. The air draft will remain the same under theBridge of the Americaswhich is now the main limiting factor for large vessels passing through the canal.Seawaymax This class of vessels is designed to achieve the maximum size for passage through theSaint Lawrence Seawayinbound or outbound from the Great Lakes system.The locks of the seaway are the limiting factor and can receive ships no larger than 225.5 meters or 740 feet of overall length, about 24 meters or 78 feet of beam, about 8 meters or 26 feet of draft, and an air draft of 35.5 meters or 116 feet above the water.Larger vessels operate on the lakes but they are unable to reach the sea because of the bottleneck at the locks.Supermax, Handymax Once again this is a class of ships that is not restricted by a specific set of locks or bridges but instead it refers to cargo capacity and the ability to use ports. Ports are often designated to be Supermax or Handymax compatiable.Supermax as you probably guessed is the largest of the vessels with a size of around 50,000 to 60,000 DWT and can be as long as 200 meters or 656 feet.Handymax vessels are slightly smaller and have a displacement of 40,000 to 50,000 DWT. These ships are usually at least 150 meters or 492 feet.Suezmax The Suez Canals dimensions are the limiting factor for ship size in this case. Since there are no locks along the one hundred plus miles of the canal the only limitations are draft and air draft.The canal has a useful draft of 19 meters or 62 feet and vessels are limited by the height of theSuez Canal Bridgewhich has a clearance of 68 meters or 223 feet.

Cargo ships are categorized partly by capacity, partly by weight, and partly by dimensions (often with reference to the various canals and canal locks they fit through). Common categories include: Dry Cargo Small Handy size, carriers of 20,000long tonsdeadweight(DWT)-28,000DWT Handy size, carriers of 28,000-40,000DWT Seawaymax, the largest size that can traverse theSt Lawrence Seaway Handymax, carriers of 40,000-50,000DWT Panamax, the largest size that can traverse thePanama Canal(generally: vessels with a width smaller than 32.2 m) Limited to 52,000 DWT loaded, 80,000 DWT empty. New Panamax, Upgraded Panama locks with 55m beam, 18M depth, 120,000 DWT[4] Capesize, vessels larger than Panamax and Post-Panamax, and must traverse theCape of Good HopeandCape Hornto travel between oceans Chinamax, carriers of 380,000-400,000DWTwith main dimensions limited by port infrastructure in China Wet Cargo Aframax, oil tankers between 75,000 and 115,000DWT. This is the largest size defined by theaverage freight rate assessment(AFRA) scheme. Suezmax, the largest size that can traverse theSuez Canal VLCC(Very Large Crude Carrier),supertankersbetween 150,000 and 320,000DWT. Malaccamax, the largest size that can traverse theStrait of Malacca ULCC(Ultra Large Crude Carrier), enormous supertankers between 320,000 and 550,000DWT

Container ships are distinguished into 7 major size categories: small feeder, feeder, feedermax,panamax, post-panamax, new panamax and ultra-large.[17]As of December 2012, there are 161 container ships in the VLCS class (Very Large Container Ships, more than 10,000 TEU), and 51 ports in the world can accommodate them.[18]The size of a panamax vessel is limited by thePanama canal's lock chambers, which can accommodate ships with a beam of up to 32.31m, a length overall of up to 294.13m, and a draft of up to 12.04m.[19]The "post panamax" category has historically been used to describe ships with a moulded breadth over 32.31m,[20]however thePanama Canal expansion projectis causing some changes in terminology. The "new panamax" category is based on the maximum vessel-size that will be able to transit a new third set of locks.[21]The new locks are being built to accommodate a container ship with alength overallof 366 metres (1,201ft), a maximum width of 49 metres (161ft), and tropical fresh-water draft of 15.2 metres (50ft).[21][22]Such a vessel would be wide enough to carry 19 rows of containers, have a total capacity of approximately 12,000 TEU and be comparable in size to acapesizebulk carrier or asuezmaxtanker.[22]Main article:Feeder shipContainer ships under 3,000 TEU are generally called feeders. Feeders are small ships that typically operate between smaller container ports. Some feeders collect their cargo from small ports, drop it off at large ports for transshipment on larger ships, and distribute containers from the large port to smaller regional ports.[2]This size of vessel is the most likely to carry cargo cranes on board.[23]Container Ship Size Categories

NameCapacity(TEU)[17]LengthBeamDraftExample

Ultra Large Container Vessel (ULCV)14,501 and higher1,200ft (366m) and longer160.7ft (49m) and wider49.9ft (15.2m) and deeperWith a length of 400 m, a width of 59 m, draft of 14.5 m, and a capacity of 18,270 TEU, ships of theMaersk Triple E classclass are able to transit the Suez canal.[24](Photo:MVMrsk Mc-Kinney Mller.)

New panamax10,00014,5001,200ft (366m)160.7ft (49m)49.9ft (15.2m)With a beam of 43 m, ships of theCOSCO Guangzhouclass are much too big to fit through the Panama Canal's old locks, but could easily fit through the new expansion. (Photo: The 9,500 TEUMVCOSCO Guangzhoupierside in Hamburg. )

Post panamax5,10110,000

Panamax3,001 5,100965ft (294.13m)106ft (32.31m)39.5ft (12.04m)Ships of the Bay-class are at the upper limit of the Panamax class, with an overall length of 292.15 m, beam of 32.2m, and maximum depth of 13.3 m.[25](Photo: The 4,224 TEU MVProvidence Baypassing through the Panama Canal.)

Feedermax2,001 3,000Container ships under 3,000 TEU are typically called feeders. In some areas of the world, they might be outfitted with cargo cranes. (Photo: The 384 TEUMVTransAtlanticat anchor.[26])

Feeder1,001 2,000

Small feederUp to 1,000

MASUKKAN SEMUA DARI http://maritime-connector.com/wiki/ship-sizes/By capacity (DWT)By dimensions

Length (m)Beam (m)Draft (m)

Bulk CarriersHandy size10.000 30.000

Handymax30.001 50.000

Panamax50.001 80.00029032,312,04

Capesize80.001 199.000

VL Ore Carriers> 200.000

TankersCoastal3.001 19.000

Small10.001 19.000

Handy size19.001 25.000

Handymax25.001 45.000

Large/Long Range One (LRI)45.001 70.000

Large/long Range Two70.001 100.000+

Crude Oil carriersPanamax50.001 80.000

Aframax80.000 119.000

Suezmax120.000 150.000

Very large Crude Carrier (VLCC)150.000 320.000

Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC)> 321.000