leon chile earthquake

8/4/2019 Leon Chile Earthquake

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The February 27, 2010 Chile Earthquake

Roberto LeonSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Georgia TechAtlanta, GA 30332-0355


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Importance of this Event

3rd largest earthquake in modern times bestproof of where our infrastructure is at.

Building codes in Chile are very similar to the USA(ACI, AISC, etc.) what works and what does not?

Well-developed economy direct and indirectlosses can be translated to USA.

Design earthquake or above?

Human losses (about 450 deaths) and directeconomic losses (up to $30B) can this betranslated to Seattle?


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ww.mapsofworld.com

A Brief Description of Chile

2000 x 150 miles

Area = 292,183 square miles

Population = 17.0 millionGDP (PPP) = $14,529 (43rd)

Capital: Santiago (about 5.5 million)

Main cities: Valparaiso (0.8 million)

Concepcion ( 0.66 million)

Strong economic growth over the past 15 years

best in Latin America

Most important exports are minerals and

agricultural products

Strong democracy following long military

dictatorship

Excellent health and education infrastructure

Long, narrow territory = lack of alternate paths for all communications and services


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4

Pacific Rim of Fire

Vancouver

Seattle

Portland


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5

SUBDUCTION PLATE INTERACTION

West East

Intraplate (medium depth)

Pacific Ocean

Marinetrench Coastline

Andes mountain

range

Nazca Plate

South American Plate

Intraplate (low depth - volcanic)

Interplate (Benioff Zone )

Redrawn after R. Saragoni ( U. of Chile)

1994 Bolivia Earthquake (Ms = 8.2; depth = 600 km


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6

SUBDUCTION

ZONE

South

American

plateNazca plate

5.9 cm./year

15.6 cm./year

Redrawn after R. Saragoni ( U. of Chile)

Name Ms

1985 Santiago 8.0

1995 Antofagasta 8.0

1906 Valparaso 8.21943 Coquimbo 8.2

1922 Vallenar 8.5

2010 Maule 8.8

1960 Valdivia 9.5

One major

earthquake about

every 15 years!

2.5 cm./year


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http://www.mapsorama.com/maps/south-america/chile/Chile_topo.jpg

Chile

Central valley: Heavy agriculture (fruits and wine)

Main communication routes

Numerous small cities with older

building stock (Rancagua, Talca,

Chillon, Temuco)

1960 Valdivia

(Ms = 9.5)

2010 Maule

(Ms = 8.8)

Coastal mountain range:

rugged deep valleys,

Concepcion is only large flatarea near the coast, heavy

industry concentrated there

no coastal highway,

forestry industry in the South,

important ports

Andes mountain range:

High , very cold

Mostly uninhabited

Skiing


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February 27, 2010 Earthquake Ms = 8.8 Off Maule Coast

Length of rupture = 400 to 450 km

R. Saragoni

( U. of Chile)


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Accelerograms Santiago

Epicenter: 335 km (210 miles) SW ofSANTIAGO, Chile

Soto &Boroscheck U. of Chile - wwww.terremotosuchile.cl


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Spectrum from Santiago

Soto &Boroscheck U. of Chile - wwww.terremotosuchile.cl


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A trip though Chile

Via del Mar/ Valparaiso

Constitucion

Santiago

Talcahuano

Concepcion

Coronel

Lots of damage pictures

to come but

performance of moststructures was excellent


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Via del Mar


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Older RC Buildings

Festival building had survived the 1985

earthquake with some damage

USA buildings = 1.0% to 1.5% walls

Chilean buildings = 5 to 6% walls

Wallace, J. & Moehle, J., ASCE JSE118(4), 1992


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Stairs linking both buildings heavily

damaged

Older RC Buildings



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Damage to modern

RC buildings


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Crushed shear walls at transition zones


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Poorly detailed boundary elements for shear walls


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USA wall with boundary elements

Chilean wall without boundary elements

Poorly detailed boundary elements for shear walls


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Other examples of

modern damaged

RC buildings


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Non-Structural

Damage to Walls


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Non-Structural Damage to Equipment


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How many and how badly damaged?


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Ciudad Empresarial

Santiago

Radisson

Plaza MayorBuilding 1


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Plaza Mayor

Ciudad

Empresarial


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Plaza Mayor

Ciudad Empresarial


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Plaza Mayor

Ciudad Empresarial


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Radisson Hotel

Ciudad Empresarial


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Damage to Condominiums

Parque Hipico

Shear

failures in

walls

Large cracks

and crushing

in slabs near

connections

to walls

Failure of

very slender

columns


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Plaza Mayor

Ciudad

Empresarial

S ti


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Ciudad Empresarial

& Vespucio Norte

Santiago


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Vespucio Norte Tollway Santiagos Ring Road

Typical interchange


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Presstresed Girders Bridges

Poor lateral support of girders at skew abutments


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Vespucio Norte - Collapsed Spans

Insufficoent bearing length to accommodate longitudinal movement


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Vespucio Norte -

Collapsed Spans

Poor detailing of

longitudinal and

transverse restraints


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Vespucio Norte -

Collapsed Spans

Continuous, heavily

reinforced slabs over the

interior supports


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Plaza Norte

Shopping Center

Local anchorage failures leading to

partial collapse of roof and floor

slabs, and large out-of-plane

movements in precast wall panels


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Large Warehouse

Failure of precast exterior panels due to

improper anchorage (damaged portions

being replaced by light steel cladding).

Storage racks performed very well even

if they had only minimal anchorage


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A trip though Chile


Constitucion

Santiago

Talcahuano

Concepcion

Coronel

i N h S h ll


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Rute 5 Main North-South Tollway

Evidence of large settlements in backfill areas

D d b id R t 5 R A


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Damaged bridges Ruta 5 Rancagua Area

D d b id R t 5 G A


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Damaged bridges Ruta 5 Granero Area

D d b id R t 5 G A


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Damaged bridges Ruta 5 Granero Area


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Older bridge between San Antonio and Santo Domingo

Note large horizontal displacements

Older bridge bet een San Antonio and Santo Domingo


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Older bridge between San Antonio and Santo Domingo

Note large horizontal, rigid body displacement

Older Adobe Buildings La Fortuna Winery


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Older Adobe Buildings La Fortuna Winery

Caskets on ground La Fortuna Winery


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Caskets on ground La Fortuna Winery

Buckled tanks La Fortuna Winery


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Buckled tanks La Fortuna Winery

Overturned tanks La Fortuna Winery


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Overturned tanks La Fortuna Winery


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Bio-Bio Cement Plant

Fine shear cracks in large storage silos

Buckled braces near the top

of bagging facility

Constitucion - Chile


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Constitucion Chile

DowntownTsunami

Araucopulp

factory

Constitucion Largest City near Epicenter


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Constitucion Tsumani area


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Constitucion Tsumani area

Constitucion Tsunami Area


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Arauco Brown Paper Plant


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Arauco Brown Paper Plant

A t i th h Chil


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A trip though Chile


Constitucion

Santiago Talcahuano

Concepcion

Coronel

Tahualcano Tsunami Area


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Concepcion Collapsed Buildings


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Industrial Facilities


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Industrial Facilities

Santa Maria Power Plant (Coronel (50% complete)

Industrial


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Industrial

Facilities

Santa Maria Power Plant

Generator Building

Potential damage to

generator as it was in the

final stages of being aligned

when the earthquake struck

Industrial


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Industrial

Facilities

Santa Maria Power Plant

Coal Storage FacilityDistribution cart damaged

Industrial Facilities Santa Maria Powerl


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Plant

Coal Storage

Facility

Distribution cartdamaged

Port of Coronel


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Port of Coronel

New base-isolated wharf and

cranes undamaged

Some evidence of ground

movements in storage areas

Damaged steel trusses in

warehouses probably due to

collisions and not earthquake

Port of San Vicente Tsunami Damage


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Port of San Vicente Tsunami Damage

Damage to old canning plant from

tsunami dragging unloading pipes;

towers connected to pipes were tipped

over; evidence of large settlements


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Summary

Much of the infrastructure did very well butimportance of using codes in their entirety washighlighted

Vulnerabilities of some privately-controlledinfrastructure (tollways, communications, etc.) wasevident

Emergency response could have been better: tsunamievacuation, use of the military,..

Human losses (about 450 deaths) and direct economic

losses (up to $30B) Recovery efforts: $750M for first phase and $700M in

second phase

leon chile earthquake

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