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PatrickAiman EfanLessonPlanningLesson PlanningA teacher plans so that he can control the learning outcomes.

Manipulating the factors that influence learning in specific circumstances.To be prepared is half the victory.Cervantes, Miguel De1547-1616 Spanish Novelist Dramatist PoetWhat does planning involve?What is it so important?Gives teachers opportunities explore various option available and make choices beforehand. Enable teacher to get necessary tools to be used in the lesson.Makes us be more prepared!Record of your own work.Factors to bear in mind when planning a lessonPupils prior knowledgeAgeTask given (Difficulties)Proficiency levelMaterialsTime

*A man who does not think and plan long ahead will find trouble right at his door.ConfuciusBC 551-479 Chinese Ethical Teacher Philosopher

By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail. Benjamin FranklinGive me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe. Abraham LincolnStages of A Writing LessonStages of a Writing Lesson Using the Process Approach:Three broad stagesStagesPre-writingPublicationWritingPre-writingPick a topicThink of the genreFour techniques that will encourage the pupils to think about and develop a topic and get words on paper:Free-writing,questioning (Why? When? Where? Who? and How?)making a listdiagramming.General pre-writing can help you generate ideas and focused pre-writing can help you to organize and refine your thoughts.It may start with drafting, editing, rewriting until the final work is achieved.Information gathered during the pre-writing can be usedExamples: format, structure, words, other conventions and etc.WritingShare ones writing with othersCheck for errorsPost-writing activities help pupils polish their work. Examples of activities that could be done after writing:Read the paper aloud, group critiques, line editing, reflection essayPublicationStages of a Writing Lesson Using the Process Approach: Based on genreStages of a Writing Lesson Using the Process Approach: Based on genreGenerating IdeasFocusing IdeasFocus on a Model TextOrganising IdeasReviewingWritingPeer EvaluationSet the form of writingAsk the pupils to think of the ideasGenerating IdeasTake the most important or relevant ideas

Focusing IdeasPupils learn to write a genre of text using the similar way of writingModel texts raises up their awareness in using the convention of different genresFocus on a Model TextOrganising IdeasPupils come up with drafts containing the content of the textThe framework consists of main points and paragraphingIt can be done either individually or in groupsWritingGet other pupils to comment on a pupils draftPeer EvaluationAsk the pupils to check their writing to avoid mistakesReviewingPedagogical Principles of Writing Techniques Incorporate practices of good writers. Eg:Focus on a goal or main idea in writingPerceptively gauge their audienceSpend some time (but not too much) planning to writeEasily let their first ideas flow onto the paper

Balance process and productWriting is a composing process that requires multiple drafts this leads to effective product

Account for cultural/literary backgroundsMake sure your techniques DO NOT ASSUME that your students know English rhetorical conventionsHelp them understand different values in the culture of the target language

Connect reading and writingClearly learners learn to write by carefully observing what is already written

Provide as much authentic writing as possibleWhether writing is real writing or display writing, it can still be authentic through:Making the purposes of writing very clear to the learnersSpecifying overtly who the audience is Making at least some intent in conveying meaning

Frame your techniques in terms of prewriting, drafting and revising stagesPrewriting stage generating ideas through reading, brainstorming, listing, collectingThe drafting and revising stages fall under while-writing stage.Drafting and revising stages are the CORE process of writingUse strategies like free-writing, peer-reviewing, editing for grammar, read aloud, proof-reading, etc

Strive to offer techniques that are as interactive as possibleProcess approach offers interactivity students work in pairs/groups to generate ideas, to editIt is also very learner-centred (students work together to brainstorm ideas, to collaborate,)Writing techniques that focus on purposes other than compositions (letters, memos, forms, directionsSensitively apply methods of responding to and correcting your students writingError correction in writing must be approached in different manner- may be different stages need different applicationHold conference with the student, written comment may not suffice

Clearly instruct students on the rhetorical, formal conventions of writingIntroduce the formal properties of each type of writing you teachA reading approach / product based approach might be useful:Give modelAnalyze features and the language useThesis statement / Topic sentenceDevelopment of main ideasSupporting ideas

Thank YouDanggscheMahalo