marketing research - perception towards tata “nano”

Report: Perception towards TATA Nano

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TABLES & CHARTS

1. Demographic Analysis

Table & Graph 1.1 Gender

Table & Graph 1.2 Age Distribution

Table & Graph 1.3 Profession

Table & Graph 1.4 Income Group

2. Factor Analysis

Table 2.1 KMO and Bartletts Test

Table 2.2 Total Variance Explained

Table 2.3 Rotated Component Matrix

3. Awareness of TATA Nano

Table & Graph 3.1 Responses over Awareness

4. Acceptance Level of TATA Nano

Table & Graph 4.1 Responses over Liking and Plan to Buy

5 Name Justifies the Product

Graph 5.1 Showing Responses over Name NANO

6 Bike over NANO

Graph 6.1 Showing responses for Bike over NANO

7 Feature that inspires the purchasing decision for NANO

Graph 7.1 Showing responses over the features

8 Preferred Color

Graph 8.1 Showing responses over most preferred color

9 Recommendation of NANO

Graph 9.1 Showing responses over Recommendation of NANO

10 NANO as Dream Car

Graph 10.1 Showing responses over NANO as Dream Car

11. Cluster Analysis

Table 11.1 Final Cluster Centers

Table 11.2 No. of Clusters in each case


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Executive Summary

The research was conducted to find out the perception of the mass towards TATA Nano. The

research was done completely for academic purpose for the course Research Methodology. The

Researchs main objective was to find out the awareness level, acceptance level towards NANO

and the major factors affecting the purchase of a small car like NANO.

The research was based on both primary data collected through survey using questionnaire and also

through secondary data like journals, magazines and articles. Almost 100 respondents were

interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was collected from different areas of

Bangalore like BTM, Kormangla etc. The data was tabulated using excel sheet. The data analysis was

done through tables, charts, graphs and some of the statistical tool like factor Analysis, cluster

Analysis. The software package used for the data analysis was SPSS 14.0.


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TATA Group Profile

The Tata Group comprises 98 operating companies in seven business sectors: information systems

and communications; engineering; materials; services; energy; consumer products; and chemicals.

The Group was founded by JRD Tata in the mid 19th century, a period when India had just set out on

the road to gaining independence from British rule. Consequently, JRD Tata and those who followed

him aligned business opportunities with the objective of nation building.

The Tata Group is one of India's largest and most respected business conglomerates, with revenues

in 2006-07 of $28.8 billion (Rs129,994 crore), the equivalent of about 3.2 per cent of the country's

GDP, and a market capitalization of $66.9 billion as on February 21, 2008. Tata companies together

employ some 289,500 people. The Group's 27 publicly listed enterprises among them stand out

names such as Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors and Tata Tea have a combined

market capitalization that is the highest among Indian business houses in the private sector, and a

shareholder base of over 2.9 million. The Tata Group has operations in more than 80 countries

across six continents, and products and services are exported to 85 countries.

The Tata family of companies shares a set of five core values: integrity, understanding, excellence,

unity and responsibility. These values, which have been part of the Group's beliefs and convictions

from its earliest days, continue to guide and drive the business decisions of Tata companies. The

Group and its enterprises have been steadfast and distinctive in their adherence to business ethics

and their commitment to corporate social responsibility. This is a legacy that has earned the Group

the trust of many millions of stakeholders in a measure few business houses anywhere in the world

can match.


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TATA MOTORS PROFILE:

Tata Motors Limited is India's largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 32,426 crores

(USD 7.2 billion) in 2006-07. It is the leader by far in commercial vehicles in each segment, and the

second largest in the passenger vehicles market with winning products in the compact, midsize

car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the world's fifth largest medium and heavy

commercial vehicle manufacturer, and the world's second largest medium and heavy bus

manufacturer.

The company's 22,000 employees are guided by the vision to be "best in the manner in

which we operate best in the products we deliver and best in our value system and ethics." Tata

Motors helps its employees realize their potential through innovative HR practices. The company's

goal is to empower and provide employees with dynamic career paths in congruence with

corporate objectives. All-round potential development and performance improvement is ensured

by regular in-house and external training.

The company has won several awards recognising its training programs. Established in

1945, Tata Motors' presence indeed cuts across the length and breadth of India. Over 4 million

Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first rolled out in 1954. The company's manufacturing

base is spread across India - Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) in the east, Pune (Maharashtra) in the west,

and in the north in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) and Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). A new plant is being

set up in Singur (close to Kolkata in West Bengal) to manufacture the company's small car. The

nation-wide dealership, sales, services and spare parts network comprises over 2,000 touch

points. The company also has a strong auto finance operation, TML Financial Services

Limited, supporting customers to purchase Tata Motors vehicles.Tata Motors, the first

company from India's engineering sector to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange (September

2004), has also emerged as an international automobile company. In 2004, it acquired the

Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, Korea's second largest truck maker. The rechristened

Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company has launched several new products in the Korean

market, while also exporting these products to several international markets. Today two-thirds of

heavy commercial vehicle exports out of South Korea are from Tata Daewoo. In 2005, Tata Motors

acquired a 21% stake in Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish bus and coach manufacturer, with

an option to acquire the remaining stake as well. Hispano's presence is being expanded in other

markets.


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In 2006, it formed a joint venture with the Brazil-based Marcopolo, a global leader in Body-

building for buses and coaches to manufacture fully-built buses and coaches for India and select

international markets. Tata Motors also entered into a joint venture in 2006 with Thonburi

Automotive Assembly Plant Company of Thailand to manufacture and market the company's

pickup vehicles in Thailand. In 2006, Tata Motors and Fiat Auto formed an industrial joint venture

at Ranjangaon (near Pune in Maharashtra, India) to produce both Fiat and Tata cars and Fiat

power trains for the Indian and overseas markets; Tata Motors already distributes and markets

Fiat branded cars in India. In 2007, Tata Motors and Fiat Auto entered into an agreement for a

Tata license to build a pick-up vehicle bearing the Fiat nameplate at Fiat Group Automobiles' Plant

at Cordoba, Argentina. The pick-up will be sold in South and Central America and select European

markets.

These linkages will further extend Tata Motors' international footprint, established through

exports since 1961. While currently about 18% of its revenues are from international business, the

company's objective is to expand its international business, both through organic and inorganic

growth routes. The company's commercial and passenger vehicles are already being marketed in

several countries in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, South East Asia and South Asia. It

has assembly operations in Malaysia, Kenya, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Russia and Senegal. The

foundation of the companys growth is a deep understanding of economic stimuli and customer

needs, and the ability to translate them into customer-desired offerings through leading edge

R&D. The R&D establishment includes a team of 1400 scientists and engineers. The company's

Engineering Research Centre was established in 1966, and has facilities in Pune, Jamshedpur and

Lucknow. The ERC has enabled pioneering technologies and products. It was Tata Motors, which

developed the first indigenously developed Light Commercial Vehicle, India's first Sports Utility

Vehicle and, in 1998, the Tata Indica, India's first fully indigenous passenger car. Within two years

of launch, Tata Indica became India's largest selling car in its segment. The ERC in Pune, among

whose facilities are India's only certified crash-test facility and hemi-anechoic chamber for testing

of noise and vibration, has received several awards from the Government of India. Some of the

more prominent amongst them are the National Award for Research and Development Efforts in

Industry in the Mechanical Engineering Industries sector in 1999, the National Award for

Successful Commercialization of Indigenous Technology by an Industrial Concern in 2000, and the

CSIR Diamond Jubilee Technology Award in 2004.

The company set up the Tata Motors European Technical Centre (TMETC) in 2005 in the

UK. TMETC is engaged in design engineering and development of products, supporting Tata

Motors' skill sets. Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company and Hispano Carrocera also have


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R&D establishments at Gunsan in South Korea and Zaragoza in Spain. The pace of new product

development has quickened through an organisation-wide structured New Product Introduction

(NPI) process. The process with its formal structure for introducing new vehicles in the market

brings in greater discipline in project execution.

The NPI process helped Tata Motors create a new segment, in 2005, by launching the Tata

Ace, Indias first indigenously developed mini-truck. The years to come will see the introduction of

several other innovative vehicles, all rooted in emerging customer needs. Besides product

development, R&D is also focusing on environment-friendly technologies in emissions and

alternative fuels.

Through its subsidiaries, the company is engaged in engineering and automotive solutions,

construction equipment manufacturing, automotive vehicle components manufacturing and

supply chain activities, machine tools and factory automation solutions, high-precision tooling and

plastic and electronic components for automotive and computer applications, and automotive

retailing and service operations.

True to the tradition of the Tata Group, Tata Motors is committed in letter and spirit to

Corporate Social Responsibility. It is a signatory to the United Nations Global Compact, and is

engaged in community and social initiatives on labor and environment standards in compliance

with the principles of the Global Compact. In accordance with this, it plays an active role in

community development, serving rural communities adjacent to its manufacturing locations.

With the foundation of its rich heritage, Tata Motors today is etching a refulgent future.

Manufacturing:

Tata Motors owes its leading position in the Indian automobile industry to its strong focus on

indigenization. This focus has driven the Company to set up world-class manufacturing units

with state-of-the-art technology. Every stage of product evolution-design, development,

manufacturing, assembly and quality control, is carried out meticulously. Our manufacturing

plants are situated at Jamshedpur in the East, Pune in the West and Lucknow in the North.

Jamshedpur:

Established in1945, the Jamshedpur unit was the company's first unit and is spread over an area

of 822 acres. It consists of 4 major divisions - Truck Factory, Engine Factory, Cab & Cowl

Factories, and the Novus. Engineering Division, which has one of the most versatile tool making

facilities in the Indian sub-continent.


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Lucknow:

Tata Motors Lucknow is one of the youngest production facilities among all the Tata Motors

locations and was established in 1992 to meet the demand for Commercial Vehicles in the

Indian market.

Uttarakhand

The company has set up a plant for its mini-truck, Ace, at Pant Nagar in Uttarakhand. The plant

will begin commercial production during the course of the year.

Research:

Research & Development:

Research provides the much-needed inspiration for the birth of new ideas, which in turn

breathes new life into products. World-class automotive research and development are key

factors that contribute to the leadership of the Company.

Engineering Research Centre (ERC):

The Research Centre at Jamshedpur regularly upgrades components and aggregates. A well-

equipped torture track enables rigorous and exhaustive testing of modifications before they are

used as regular fitments.

Safety (CRASH TEST FACILITY):

For Tata Motors, safety is of paramount importance. This avenue provides no room for the

slightest margin of error.

Tata Motors ERC is the only high-tech facility in India to evaluate the degree of passenger safety

in the event of any high-speed impact. Through a special crash test facility. Different types of

accidents are simulated; the results analyzed, and put to use in the development of a vehicle

that satisfies stringent international safety norms.

Special high-speed cameras record test crashes at the rate of 1000 frames per second. An

accident, for instance, at the speed of 50 kilometers per hour, lasts one eighth of a second.

Thus, 125 frames recorded by these cameras are available for study with the completion of each


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individual test.

Minimizing Noise (ANECHOIC CHAMBER):

Anechoic chamber is a highly sophisticated noise and vibration laboratory, the nerve centre of

which is a vast chamber lined with 88,000 cones projecting at various angles from the walls and

ceiling. It is one of its kinds in India and is developed completely with in-house facilities.

Designing and Styling (CAD CENTRE):

The CAD centre is equipped with 53 state-of-the-art CAD stations and the latest

software. The CAD centre is a vital organ of ERC's Cab Design Section. CAD designing involves

development of vehicle specifications, styling interiors and exteriors, reviewing the styling from

the engineering and aesthetic points of view, virtual prototyping to check for design

acceptability and feasibility of manufacture.


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TATA NANO

Tata Motors' plans would produce, in real terms, by far the cheapest car ever made.

An Indian car may soon earn a parking place in history alongside Ford's Model T, Volkswagen's

Beetle and the British Motor Corp.'s Mini, all of which put a set of wheels within reach of millions of

customers after they rolled onto the scene. Tata Motors is developing a car it aims to sell for about

$2,500 the cheapest, by far ever made.

# Source :(NYSE: TTM - news - people)

Tata Nano - The little car that might change the world

TECH SPECS:

Length : 3.1 m Width : 1.5 m Height : 1.6 m To seat : 4 Engine : 643cc, 2-cylinder, all-aluminum Power : 33 BHP Position : Engine, battery at rear end Boot : In front Fuel : Petrol Fuel injection : MPFI Fuel consumption : 20 kmpl. AC : Only in deluxe version Passenger side mirror : No Power steering : No Price : $2500 at dealer + VAT + transport cost. Base version approximate on-road price: $3000 Tyres : Tubeless tyres. Body : All-steel Safety features : Crumple zones, intrusion-resistant doors, seat belts, 2 A-Pillars Suspension : Independent front and rear


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Seldom do we see cars that rewrite the history books even before they are seen running around on

the roads. And hardly ever do we see cars that vow to put the nation on four wheels. The Tata Nano

is one such car a car that has been in the news for quite a few years, for reasons good and evil.

Nano is a car which has breathed into life due to one man. Give credit to Mr. Ratan Tata for his

determination to build a low cost family car that has come true, finally! Took long it did, but the

Nano came in a beautiful form. Touted as worlds cheapest car by a far cry, Nano has been the talk

of the town around the globe. Head honchos of big organizations have been pouring in by numbers

to have a look at this engineering masterpiece. We bring you some interesting bits.

Looks:

Length 3100mm

Width 1500mm

Height 1600mm

Wheelbase 2230mm.

Ground Clearance 180mm

You will be wondering why I am talking about the dimensions of the Nano, since all of you know that

it is a rather compact and tiny machine. It is because I have good reason to talk about the

dimensions. You see, the Nano is going to be faced with Maruti 800 as its main rival. But you could

throw in the Alto and Zen Estilo to mark out some design and packaging aspects. Just to get things in

perspective, Nano is over 230mm shorter than 800 in overall length but the wheelbase advantage of

155mm over the offering from Maruti makes sure that the Nano is more accommodating than the

800. Tata has managed to squeeze out a 60mm advantage in width and Maruti 800 falls short of

about 100mm in height. So in essence, you get more legroom, better shoulder room and room more

than enough for a turban, if you wear one! But before you enter inside, you are bound to gape in

admiration at the beautifully crafted curves of this micro car. I personally feel that the front has a lot

of Zen Estilo written on it, but manages to look really funky and cool.

The mono-volume design establishes a sea of change from the two-box layout of the 800. What it

ensures the Nano with is extremely short overhangs and tight packaging. For a car of this size and

image, the Nano is an extremely sexy looking car with futuristic design cues. The bonnet line is steep

and unites together with the bumper in a seamless way. Though there is no grille per se, the front

has a smiling look which accentuates the happy feeling. The fog lamps are incorporated in the

bumper which has a distinct air dam running across in between them. In profile, the Nano resembles

Mitsubishis latest small car i. The rear of the Nano is somewhat recognizable. The tail lamps are

inspired from elder sister, Indica. So this is a very compact hatchback, yes? No my friend, you are

massively wrong. Even I was dumbfounded when I discovered that the Nano cannot be called a


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hatchback a word so true to the way the small cars are. The reason for this is because it does not

have a hatch! The tail gate cannot be opened owing to it being joined together with the boot sill.

This makes accessing the engine a pain in the bottom. But a hatchback it will be called still. The back

side of the Nano is made attractive by the mid mounted exhaust pipe which peeps out of the

aggressively designed bumper.

The ultra-secret people's car for India - the Tata Nano - is here. How will this car change the way India, and the developing countries drive?

The Nano is disruptive tech - make no mistake.

The world's car manufacturers have expressed all shades of opinion in the run-up to the Tata Nano.

Suzuki has said that it is impossible V W said it is not what they want to do. DaimlerChrysler said

they think it is an important market Tata is trying to tap.

There was no way Tata could design a car the conventional way. So went at it on a clean slate. And

seems to have pulled it off. The rear engined car will have a small boot for luggage storage in the

front. In the process of developing the Nano, Tata Motors has added 40 patents to its kitty.

This car, if it becomes a hit, will make every auto company change the way it works and look at

the volume market. Not only in India, but in entire Asia and every third world country. Offering

mobility for the masses is big business. The VW Beetle did that, and so did Henry Ford.

Environmental Impact

In India, a car like this can crowd the streets, forcing the government to improve infrastructure - and

as the evolution of the Western industrial society demonstrates, affordable cars can be a major force

for change. But till that happens, this is a car that can seriously crowd the streets - and make life a

bit tougher in the short-term.

The car will have a two-cylinder 624-cc petrol engine with 33 bhp of power.

It will also have a 30-litre fuel tank and four-speed manual gearshift. The car will come with air

conditioning in the deluxe version, but will have no power steering. I know, that's pathetic power by

American and Western standards. But Indian maximum legal speeds are way lower than them - and

Tata Motors anyway claims that the car is as fast as the Maruti 800, India's original People's Car that

changed things a couple decades back. And there are a million or more of them on the streets of

India already. The car will have front disk and rear drum brakes. The company claims mileage of 22

kmpl in city and 26 kmpl on highway.

The $ 2500 is the dealer price - the actual price on the road might be approx Rs. $3000.

The car launched is being avidly watched by the auto industry around the world.


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As attractive as the Nano is on the outside, the same cannot be said for the interior. The plastics feel

cheap and it is here that you begin to feel the concern towards the price that Tata was aiming at.

The rudimentary knobs and switches point towards the use of materials which would be better off in

tractors twenty years old! Dreary and uninspiring by any measure, thats what one can say about the

interior quality and looks. What impressed me though was the layout. Spacious and functional, the

dashboard has a curved look which can prove beneficial when it comes to storing items. The Chevy

Spark started it for the small cars and the Nano continues on what seems to be the current trend.

The instrument binnacle is mid-mounted and the centre console has a swooping form which houses

all the important knobs and air con vents. Speakers for the audio system have been incorporated on

the rear bench just under the seat area.

The speedo is calibrated to a top whack of 120kmph though we shall reserve our statements on that

till we test the car thoroughly. Cash saving activity has gone a bit too far with the sun visor, theres

only one! Please Tata, please, have mercy on the people who will sit on the passenger seat, only to

find no sun visor to protect their skin from sun or no vanity mirror for women (men too, going by the

current fashion!) to put the make-up on. The centre console, forming a crest in the middle of the

dash, can be worrisome if you happen to be as tall as Rajpal Yadav. The seats have integrated head

restraints, like in the hugely popular, Hyundai i10. Yes the Nano will be deprived of a lot of creature

comforts but to satisfy your salivating mouth, Tata will offer the top end version with air con, power

windows and power steering. This car is destined to be exported too, so provision for ABS and

airbags will also be there for sure. The floor mounted four-speed gearbox wasnt smooth as silk but

would give the 800 something to take inspiration from. Roominess is what this compact car from

Tata is all about. Four average sized Indians will find themselves enjoying their ride.

SAFETY

Passes crash tests. Side impact test yet to be done, but Tata is confident about it. It has 2 A-pillars on

one side to better meet safety norms. No airbags. Airbags are still not a required feature in India. But

you have crumple zones, intrusion-resistant doors, seatbelts and anchorages.

A four wheeler is safe than a scooter. So to begin with, the huge two wheeler population of India

gains a safety benefit. But will it pass the safety requirements of a large car or even a high

technology compact? Unlikely. But that is not the objective - it is to improve the safety of four-

member families like this one that rides scooters and at risk every day.

And so here it is. If Tata Motors is right, we could be witnessing a serious disruptive force and one

that might kick-start India on to a high growth path. Successful mass market mobility does that to a

country.


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Mechanicals: Everyone, and it does not discount the motoring journos, expected the One Lakh Car to have a

plastic body. But boy did Tata play it big there! Contrary to everyones belief, the Nano is a metal-

bodied car with four full-blown doors to ease the ingress and egress. This is a uni-body construction

but makes use of a sub-frame which adds to the strength in addition to providing support for drive

train and suspension units. The suspension has a story of its own altogether! Well, Tata engineers

said that since the rear-biased weight distribution led to some scary moments while testing the car,

they had to optimize the suspension setup and add a fair amount of other eccentric but equally

helpful technical add-ons like fatter rear tyre while the battery box and fuel tank are placed right

underneath front occupants.

The engine is what has been the buzz word around the car. It is an all-aluminum two cylinder engine

displacing 624cc with two valves per cylinder driven by a single overhead camshaft. The bore and

stroke are nearly similar giving it a square form. Making the Nano move will be the power of 33

horses which will peak out at 5500rpm while 48Nm of turning force will be supplied at a meager

2500rpm which should help the drivability of the car. The Nano will transmit its small amount of

power via a 4-speed cable operated gearbox with the fourth being an overdriven ratio. Tata is

working on developing an automatic gearbox as well but that will not be available when the car gets

launched later this year. In addition to the 624cc petrol engine, the Indian auto giant might also

bring out a common-rail diesel engine (700cc) which might be of the same architecture as the one

seen on Tata Ace.


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LITERATURE REVIEW

Article 1 :What gave Nano a headstart ? The Nano could potentially challenge the conventional wisdom within the auto industry that wholly

new concepts do not live long enough. New launches basically add a whistle here and a bell there to

the plethora of existing models. Indeed, in more than 70 car launches worldwide, there have been

not more than a handful of seminal shifts within this industry.

But the Tata offering has come to topple all those casts by reordering the status-quo. The whole

story seems to strike two notes at once. The first one is true to the old adage among businesses that

the wise profit from giving that which profits their customers; the second dares to contrarily create

and nurture a space that others overlooked or even rejected.

Some known facts

Not too long ago, many pundits within the industry had held that small cars such as the Maruti 800

have outlived their use and must, therefore, pack up. Yet, just into 2008, a glowing Mr. Ratan Tata

drove on to the stage in his Nano, that sports a far lower powered engine and which may soon storm

the Indian roads.

Surprisingly, many of the same pundits who had bemoaned the twilight of Maruti 800 have now

begun to celebrate the business sense that the Nano exudes. It looks like, in any case, the Tata Nano

project has defied textbook constructs of successful venturing.

In fact, we knew for good reasons that there is much less money to be made in small cars. We also

knew that products conceived for specific markets have less possibility of success than those

visualized on a global basis.

And, admittedly, auto majors with a wider, deeper portfolio of cars are rightly believed to be able to

gain more profitably from a radical but relevant offering.

Such manufacturers, it is often acknowledged, are able to reap from the economies of scale that can

be got from sharing the costs of design, manufacture and retail, among their entire product line-up.

Small-car concept

The Tata project bore none of the above usual stamps of success. Yet it is pretty hard to term Nano

anything but a success going by the reception it received. This perhaps indicates that the real game

is one of strategy.

Indeed, it is not so much about cars or of experience as about getting clear the underlying concepts

and attitudes. Ironically, Tata's capture of the "small car concept" is in itself hardly path-breaking.


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One recollects that when the Maruti 800 was introduced around the mid-1980s, it was, even after

adjusting for the then stronger rupee, an immensely affordable car (well below a lakh of rupees). It

was, in fact, India's first small, sweet car.

But, over time, the sweetness of Maruti 800 - rather than the real demand for small cars - had

diminished. That was primarily because of its price, which kept on surging.

What is certainly path-breaking is the price tag of the Nano. Even if we went all the way back before

all those price rises and income growth spread over the past two consecutive decades, Nano's price

would have still generated a landslide sales record in the mid-1980s.

The price element

And, what is important is, where a pre-liberalised mid-1980s represented stunted buying power,

"today's India" that is to receive the Nano, represents greatly enlarged buying power.

This, in effect, gives the Nano an exceptional welcome thrust. Besides the element of price-point -

where Tata Motors led the pack on a wide margin - almost every other major car company in the

world seems to have otherwise just as seriously investigated small cars.

If anything, notwithstanding the environment dimension, the persistently high oil prices of

the present decade have, in fact, made all makers gravitate toward more fuel-efficient, smaller cars.

The key question, then, is: With so many auto firms zeroing in on small cars, how did Tata Motors

achieve such astounding price levels? Indeed, when global industry majors were talking about a

small car with trendy, tiny engines, they were all, in effect, attempting to scale down on what they

were traditionally good at: Medium and big cars.

Two perspectives

Unlike Tata Motors, almost none of the global majors had paid due attention to the thought of an

all-new small car. There is, for sure, a big difference between scaling down a big-sized car to a viable

small size.

The gamut of idea generation, concept, design, making, retailing, and so on, differs a great deal

between the two perspectives. The first perspective tweaks to fit what is already on hand, whereas

the second creates afresh to fulfill what is widely sought.

Consequently, the processes that colour the making of an inexpensive and cheerful car are not at all

'cheap'. Understandably, those processes have to be richer in innovation, bolder in imagination,

nimbler in evaluating and, of course, shrewder in putting together the pieces (ideas, hardware, and

costs) appealingly.


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Taking the lead

The stalwarts of the car industry never quite saw 'small cars' as 'small cars'. Here is where Tata

Motors strode ahead, giving Mr. Tata and his team a head-start. The Nano, then, brings home the

truth that lacking certain advantages can actually prove more rewarding.

The car industry, unlike the insurance industry, which enjoys safety cover from reinsurance, has

never been able to obtain a guaranteed cover for assured success.

One could say that the future Nanos would certainly get their shots of incremental improvement. So,

too, would be the approaches of many other aspiring small-car makers, after taking note of this

primordial shift.

# Source : The Hindu Business Line February 5th, 2008

Article 2: Tata to ride Nano to Geneva Motor Show Tata Motors' Nano, easily the world's most talked-about car these days, will make its international

debut at the 78th Geneva Motor Show in the first week of March. The five-door hatchback that costs

just Rs 100,000 ($2,500), making it the world's cheapest, was unveiled in January this year at the

Auto Expo here. Nano would be among Tata Motors' exhibits at the show, a company spokesperson

said here.

Sales of Nano, nicknamed the people's car for its affordable pricing that will make four-wheelers

available to millions of middle-class people who hitherto rode two-wheelers, is expected to start in

the second half of this year.

Although the car has its share of critics, it has undeniably put India on the global automotive map

and has triggered a race among leading car makers to match the Nano price-point. Already, car

manufacturers Renault and Nissan are eyeing a $3000 car.

The Nano, which Tata Motors has said meets all safety and emission norms, will share the limelight

with top marques from around the world that are expected at the show. This year's edition of the

Geneva Motor Show will mark the 11th year of participation for Tata Motors. Tata Motors' Nano,

easily the world's most talked-about car these days, will make its international debut at the 78th

Geneva Motor Show in the first week of March.

# Source :The Economic Times February 7th, 2008

Article 3: Indian people's car India is one of those developing countries whose economies are expected to be among the world

leaders by the middle of this century. Its technological skill and financial clout have already made an

impact in the IT industry and the international cricketing arena, to take just two examples. But the

unveiling of Tata Motors' Nano car in New Delhi yesterday


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The headline news is that the Nano will cost only pounds 1,300, thus opening a potentially huge

market in the developing world. But Tata has also stolen a march on giant vehicle manufacturers

such as GM, Ford, Toyota, V W, Mitsubishi and Renault-Nissan, all of which are looking to expand

sales in Asia, Africa and Latin America at a time when the European and American markets are,

respectively, flat and declining.

Tata has produced a car that not only costs pounds 500 less than the cheapest Chinese model, but

also breaks technological ground by having a rear-mounted two-cylinder engine, which both saves

fuel and creates interior space. It has taken out more than 34 patents on technologies used in its

manufacture. The Tata Group, the country's largest conglomerate, epitomizes the global outreach of

modern India; having acquired the Corus metals company last year, it is now seeking to buy Jaguar

Cars and Land Rover.

The world's second most populous nation presents a striking contrast between that kind of industrial

clout and the poverty in which most Indians still live. At one end of the scale are billionaires such as

Vijay Mallya, who is promoting India as a Formula 1 racing power. At the other are the inhabitants

of Mumbai's periphery who lack decent housing, education and healthcare. The Nano lies between

those two extremes: a car built to attract members of the urban middle class who at present perch

on motorcycles. That it will add to India's already acute traffic problems should remind the

government of how far it has fallen behind in infrastructure development, whether roads, electricity

or water. The Nano is a remarkable first from a country that still exasperates for its failure to provide

basic services.

# Source : As published in The Daily Telegraph, London on January 11th, 2008.


18

PROBLEM DEFINITION

Marketing Research Problem:

To find out the consumer perception on TATAS NANO in Bangalore city.

TATAs NANO will be launched on 23rd March 2008. There has been lots of excitement and

enthusiasm among the mass for the product. To find out how the common mass perceives the

product and how should TATA Motors position NANO it is important to conduct a research.

Objective of the Study:

To know the consumer perception on TATA NANO.

To find out the awareness level about TATA NANO.

To find out the Acceptance level of people.

To know about factors affecting purchase decision of TATA NANO.

To find out the target segment for TATA NANO


19

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN:

Descriptive Research Method

SAMPLING PROCEDURE:

Sampling Plan: Convenient Sampling (Non-Probabilistic Sampling Method) Sample Size: 100 respondents

QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN:

The research was done on the basis of a structured questionnaire

FIELD WORK PLAN:

100 respondents were interviewed in and around the Alliance Central campus, Anekal,

FORUM Mall, BTM Stage 1 & 2 and Kormangala areas of Bangalore. The group was divided into three

groups of 2 interviewers each who interviewed respondents at the above mentioned locations.

The respondents were interviewed from 4thMar-7th Mar 2009.

LIMITATIONS: The accuracy of the responses given by the respondents.

Data was collected from the limited locations of Bangalore; therefore findings cannot be

generalized for the whole city or country.

Language was a barrier between the interviewer and the respondents to collect the

responses.

DATA COLLECTION Data was collected from the following two sources:

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION:

Primary Data was collected through SURVEY using a structured questionnaire through

which the research was able to get an insight in to the consumers mind and to learn about

perception towards NANO.

SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION:

Secondary Data was collected through magazines, journals, articles and earlier reports.

Secondary Data helped in finding the variables that has an effect on the perception made by the

people towards TATA Nano.


20

DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

1. DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

GENDER

Table 1.1

Gender Type Frequency

Male 64

Female 36

Total 100

Graph 1.1

The above mentioned chart clearly shows that out of 100 respondents 64 were males and 36 were

females.

AGE DISTRIBUTION

Table 1.2

Age No.of Respondents

18-30 yrs 64

30-50 yrs 32

Above 50 yrs 4

Total 100


21

Graph 1.2

The above mentioned chart clearly shows that majority of the respondents lies between the age

group of 18-50 yrs.

PROFESSION

Table 1.3

Profession No.of Respondents

Govt. Employee 10

Pvt. Sector Employee 44

Student 31

Businessman 12

Professional 3

Any other 0

Total 100

Graph 1.3 The above mentioned chart shows that data was collected from respondents having varied types of

occupation. The majority of the respondents were pvt. sector employee and students.


22

INCOME GROUP

Table 1.4

Monthly Income No.of Respondents

Rs.5000-Rs.10000 10

Rs.10000-Rs.15000 16

Rs.15000-Rs. 20000 14

Above Rs. 20000 29

Not Earning 31

Total 100

Graph 1.4


23

2. FACTOR ANALYSIS

To understand the various parameters affecting the perception of the mass towards TATA

Nano, the respondents were interviewed with the help of questionnaire mentioned in the appendix

having the variables found from the secondary data. Further analysis was done through factor

analysis with the help of SPSS software. The goal of the factor analysis is to reduce the no. of original

set of variables to a smaller set of comprehensive factors for use in subsequent multi-variant

analysis. Therefore through the factor analysis the 13 variables that the perception of the mass can

be reduced to lesser no. of comprehensive factors that can explain the other variables. This shall

reduce the complexity. The output we get after compiling the input data is:

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Table 2.1 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .669

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square 709.908

df 78

Sig. .000

From this table it can be interpreted that the value of KMO is greater than 0.5, which means that our

research data is appropriate and valid. KMO value is greater than 0.5 because no. of respondents

were more than 5 times the no. of the decision variables.

Table 2.2 Total Variance Explained

Component Initial Eigenvalues Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings

Total % of

Variance Cumulative

% Total % of

Variance Cumulative

%

1 3.808 29.294 29.294 3.780 29.076 29.076

2 2.095 16.119 45.413 2.095 16.115 45.191

3 1.772 13.629 59.042 1.769 13.608 58.799

4 1.272 9.784 68.826 1.304 10.027 68.826

5 .932 7.172 75.998

6 .904 6.951 82.949

7 .796 6.119 89.068

8 .546 4.197 93.266

9 .303 2.329 95.595

10 .239 1.841 97.436

11 .153 1.175 98.612

12 .122 .941 99.553

13 .058 .447 100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.


24

Now from the above table of SPSS output the total no. of factors in which the variables can be

classified can be realized. From the Eigen values of each factor in the table, the factors having Eigen

value greater than 1, shall be considered for further analysis.

As in this case the Eigen value of 4 factors is more than 1, so the no. of factors shall be 4. The

percentage of variance column shows that the total variance explained by each factor. As in this case

the 1st factor explains the total variance up to 29.294 %, similarly the entire factors explains the

variable. Upto 68.826% of the variables are explained by the 4 factors. It means 31.174% are

explained by other factors which have not been taken into account.

Table 2.3 Rotated Component Matrix(a) Variables Component

1 2 3 4

BrandName .171 .501 -.065 -.517

Design .952 -.075 -.011 .003

Safety .919 .047 -.040 -.171

Afffordability .882 .157 -.083 -.231

Comfort -.055 .927 .061 .006

Status -.022 .048 .924 -.034

Lifestyle -.010 .898 .005 .133

Mantainence .830 .008 .049 -.011

Inspace -.122 -.148 -.140 .822

Accessories .021 -.025 .930 -.073

Power .704 -.106 .090 .273

Powersteering .130 .147 .045 .695

Brakes -.025 .297 -.050 .442

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

a) Rotation converged in 4 iterations.

From the above table of output we can identify the distribution of each variable in our selected

factors. Our 4 factors are as follows -

Factor1 = Design (L value = .952) + Safety (L value = .919) + Affordability (L value = .882) +

Mantainence (L value = .830) + Power (L value = .704) shall be combined together to get our 1st

major factor, we may name as . This factor is explaining 129.076 % of the variation.

Factor2 = Comfort (L value = .927)+ Lifestyle (L value = .898) shall be combined together to get

the 2nd major factor, we may name as . This factor is explaining 16.115 % of total

variation.


25

Factor3 = Status (L value = .924) + Accessories (L value = .930) shall be combined together to get

the 3rd major factor, which we may name as . This factor is explaining 13.608% of total

variation.

Factor4 = Interior Space (L value = .822). This factor is explaining 10.027% of total variation.

Factor 1

Safety

Design

Affordability

Mantainence

Power

Factor 2

Comfort

Lifestyle

Interior Space

Status

Accessories

Factor 3 Factor 4


26

3. AWARENESS OF TATA NANO

Table 3.1 (Responses over Awareness)

Awareness No. of Respondents

Aware 92

Unaware 8

Total 100

Graph 3.1

The above mentioned pie-chart (Graph 3.1)and table (Table 3.1) shows that majority of the

respondents were aware of the TATAs Nano.

4. ACCEPTANCE LEVEL OF TATAS NANO To find out the acceptance level, the respondents were interviewed over their liking towards TATA

Nano and their Plan to buy on a likert scale. Following were the responses:

Table 4.1(Responses over Acceptance)

Responses Liking Plan to buy

Definitely 27 16

Somewhat 56 24

Neutral 12 28

Somewhat not 5 20

Definitely no 0 12

Total 100 100


27

Graph 4.1

From the above mentioned chart it can be realised that liking of the respondents towards TATA

Nano is very high i.e. TATA Nano is liked by most of the respondents. But there is mixed responses

over their plan to buy TATA Nano. There were around 40 respondents who may buy TATA Nano and

there 32 respondents who may not buy. The rest 28 were neutral.

5. NAME JUSTIFIES THE PRODUCT

Graph 5.1

The Graph 5.1 shows that most of the respondents believe that the name NANO justifies the

product.


28

6. NANO OVER BIKE

Graph 6.1

Most of the respondent will not prefer purchasing Bike over Nano.

7. FEATURE THAT INSPIRES THE MOST TO BUY NANO

Graph 7.1

Price is the major feature of NANO that inspires respondents the most.


29

8. COLOUR

Graph 8.1

Most of the respondents preferred yellow and red colour as their preferred colour for NANO.

9. RECOMMENDATION OF NANO

Graph 9.1

From the above mentioned graph it can be observed that most of the respondents shall recommend

NANO to others.


30

10. NANO AS DREAM CAR

Graph 10.1

It can be observed from the chart that majority of the respondents do not see NANO as their dream car.

11. CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Cluster Analysis is performed to assign the objects into groups (called clusters) so that objects

from the same cluster are more similar to each other than objects from different clusters. Therefore

in this research, the sample of 100 respondents can be classified into certain no. of groups or

clusters showing the same attributes. This form of analysis will basically help the marketer to

position their product in a much effective way by targeting a certain group of individuals. Therefore

it is important for the research to find as to which cluster of people TATA Nano should be targeted.

Here the grouping variables are age, sex, profession, monthly income, family members, awareness

of TATA Nano, liking and plan to buy Nano. After running cluster analysis through SPSS software

using the above mentioned grouping variables, following output was obtained:

Agglomerative hierarchical clustering First step for clustering shall be Agglomerative hierarchical clustering which breaks up (divisive) a

hierarchy of clusters. Therefore through hierarchical clustering an idea of the no. of clusters into

which the sample should be classified can be obtained. This is done using Agglomeration Schedule

mentioned in Appendix.


31

From this agglomeration schedule it can be observed that the no. of clusters should be 2 or 3.

The next step of classification of sample into clusters is done through K-means clustering.

K-means Clustering

After running the K-means clustering by entering the no. of clusters as 3, following output was

obtained:

Table 11.1 Final Cluster Centers

Table 11.2

CLUSTER 1: This cluster includes 13 respondents. The major characteristics of this cluster are that most of them

are females, the age group is between 18-50yrs, the major profession is Pvt. Sector employee and

students, monthly income is above Rs. 20000, Avg. no. of family members are 6, all are aware of the

TATAs Nano, they somewhat like TATAs Nano but they dont plan to buy it.


are males, the age group is between 18-30yrs, the major profession is Pvt. Sector employee and

govt. employee, average monthly income is around Rs. 10000-Rs.15000, Avg. no. of family members

are 4, all are aware of the TATAs Nano, they somewhat like TATAs Nano but they dont plan to buy

it.


are males, the age group is between 18-30yrs, the major profession is Pvt. Sector employee and

students, average monthly income is above Rs. 20000, Avg. no. of family members are 4, all are

aware of the TATAs Nano, they somewhat like TATAs Nano but they have larger orientation

towards buying TATA Nano.

Therefore, TATA Nano should target cluster 3 due to higher intend to purchase, family members are

4 which are suitable for TATA Nano.

Cluster

1 2 3

SEX 1.62 1.28 1.35

AGE 1.54 1.25 1.45

PROFESSION 2.69 1.72 2.98

MONTHLYINCOME 3.85 1.94 4.42

FAMILYMEMBERS 6.62 4.19 4.05

AWARENESS 1.00 1.06 1.11

LIKING 3.92 4.03 4.09

PLANTOBUY 1.92 1.75 1.62


32

Conclusion & Research Findings

TATA Nanos awareness level is very high (92%) i.e. most of the people are aware about Tata

Nano. This has been due to many reasons like controversy in Singur, first peoples car in

just Rs. 1 lakh, brand name of TATA linked with NANO etc. This is a very good sign for TATA

Nano to capitalize on their public relations.

Private Sector employees and students have higher degree of acceptance level for TATA

Nano.

The most important factors that affect the purchasing decision of the people to purchase a

small car like NANO are Design, Safety, Affordability, power, comfort, lifestyle, accessories

status and interior space.

Research shows that the name NANO is very well accepted by the people as most of them

believe that Nano justifies the product.

It was also observed in the research that majority of people shall not prefer Nano over

Bike as they believe that bike has some additional benefits over NANO.

Price was the most important feature that shall inspire most of the people to purchase

NANO. As the car is available in Rs. 1 lakh only therefore most of the people believe that it

is affordable to them.

Blue and Yellow are the most demanding color that shall be preferred by most of the

people for their NANO.

It has also been found out through research that most of the people shall recommend

TATAs Nano to other which is a very good sign for TATA Motors.

Also, most of the respondents believe that NANO is not their dream car.


33

Bibliography & References

Exploratory Factor Analysis - A Book Manuscript by Tucker, L. & MacCallum R. (1993).

Retrieved June 8, 2006, from: http://www.unc.edu/~rcm/book/factornew.htm

Raymond Cattell. Retrieved July 22, 2004, fromhttp://www.indiana.edu/~intell/rcattell.shtml

E. B. Fowlkes & C. L. Mallows (September 1983). "A Method for Comparing Two Hierarchical

Clusterings". Journal of the American Statistical Association 78 (383): 553584.

doi:10.2307/2288117

Schutt, Russell K. 2006. "Investigating the Social World: The Process and Practice of

Research". SAGE Publications

Mohanty, Mrituinjoy (2008-01-10). "Why criticising the 1-Lakh car is wrong". Rediff News.

http://www.rediff.com/money/2008/jan/04tatacar.htm. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.

Tata's High-Stakes Bet on Low-Cost Car". The Wall Street Journal, Eric Bellman, Jan 10, 2008.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119993102461279857.html.

First Look: Ratan Tata unveils Nano". IBN. 2008-01-10. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/first-

look-ratan-tata-unveils-nano/56038-7.html. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.

"Deutscher Konzern verdient am Tata krftig mit" (in German). Die Welt. 10 January 2008.

http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article1536886/Tata_Nano__der_indische_Volkswagen.html

. Retrieved on 2008-03-22.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Auto/Automobiles/Rahul_B

ajaj_says_Mamata_fought_for_farmers_not_politics/articleshow/3456250.cms

http://www.autoexpo.in/news_jan_23.asp

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News_by_Industry/Nano_to_rollout_from_Pantnagar

/articleshow/3523806.cms

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/driving/news/article3168303.ece

http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-35844720081007 2008 Issues

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/driving/article3164205.ece

http://www.cbc.ca/consumer/story/2008/01/10/nano-tata.html


34

Appendix

APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE SECTION I

PERSONAL DETAILS

Name: __________________________________________________________________

Sex : Male Female

Age : 18 30 yrs 30 50 yrs Above 50 yrs

Profession: Govt. Employee Businessman

Pvt. Sector Employee Professional

Student Any other _______________

Monthly Income: Rs.5,000 - Rs.10,000 Rs. 10,000 Rs.15000

Rs.15,000 Rs.20,000 Above Rs. 20,000

Family Members: ___________________

(1) Do you have any Vehicle ? Yes No

If Yes than Specify, Two Wheeler Four Wheeler Both

(2) Are you aware of Tatas NANO car ? Yes No (3) Do you like the Tatas NANO ? Very much

Somewhat

Somewhat not

Not at all


35

(4) Do you plan to buy a NANO in the next 1 to 2 year ? Yes No cant say (5) Which model would you go for ? Deluxe (with AC) Standard (without AC) (6) Do you think name NANO justifies the product like car?

Definately

Probably

Might or might not

Probably not

Definitely not

(7) Instead of purchasing a Bike, will you prefer to go for the NANO?

Yes No cant say

(8) Which feature of NANO attracts you most, that inspires you to go for NANO? Price

Design

Mileage

Interior space

All the above

Cant say

(9) Which colour of NANO would you prefer? Red

Blue

White

Yellow

Silver

Other, Specify............

(10) For what purpose would you like to use NANO?

Will offer it to your children to use it in place of a two wheeler.

Will use as family car for shopping and travel.

Will prefer as a taxi.

Would like to offer as gift.

Any other, specify.................................


36

(11) Do you think NANO is people's car? Very much

Somewhat

Somewhat not

Not at all

(12) Will you recommend NANO to your friends and relatives? Definitely will recommend

Probably will recommend

Not sure

Probably will not recommend

Definitely will not recommend

(13) Which small car would you prefer to buy? Maruti 800

Tata NANO

Other..

(14)Will there be traffic problem with the introduction of NANO on Indian roads? Definately

Probably

Might or might not

Probably not

Definitely not

(15) Can you trust NANO for safety? Definately

Probably

Might or might not

Probably not

Definitely not

(16) What do you think of its mileage of 21km/l ? Very Good & reason to buy Not enough Good enough for small town

(17) Do you think that Purchase decision of NANO will affect your status?

Definately

Probably

Might or might not

Probably not

Definitely not

Report: Perception towards TATA NANO

37

(18) Rate the following attributes of in order of your preference , while buying NANO, on a scale of 1 to 7 (7=very good, 1= very poor) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Brand Name I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Shape/Design I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Safety I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I

Affordability I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I

Comfort I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Status I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Lifestyle I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Mantainence I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Interior space I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Accessories I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I Power I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I power steering I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I brakes I------I-------I-------I-------I------I------I (19) Do you believe that NANO is a dream car of yours?

Definitely

Probably

Might or might not

Probably not

Definitely not

Place.. Sign..


38

APPENDIX 2 Agglomeration Schedule

Stage

Cluster Combined

Coefficients

Stage Cluster First Appears

Next Stage Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 1 Cluster 2

1 97 100 .000 0 0 14

2 27 99 .000 0 0 12

3 71 96 .000 0 0 6

4 25 92 .000 0 0 29

5 72 79 .000 0 0 24

6 46 71 .000 0 3 32

7 20 70 .000 0 0 19

8 56 68 .000 0 0 10

9 16 66 .000 0 0 32

10 30 56 .000 0 8 11

11 30 55 .000 10 0 35

12 26 27 .000 0 2 54

13 2 15 .000 0 0 30

14 22 97 1.000 0 1 46

15 45 94 1.000 0 0 56

16 78 93 1.000 0 0 59

17 81 87 1.000 0 0 40

18 35 86 1.000 0 0 43

19 20 85 1.000 7 0 39

20 37 84 1.000 0 0 45

21 82 83 1.000 0 0 62

22 44 76 1.000 0 0 44

23 51 73 1.000 0 0 42

24 23 72 1.000 0 5 45

25 53 69 1.000 0 0 41

26 42 67 1.000 0 0 80

27 14 64 1.000 0 0 79

28 60 62 1.000 0 0 70

29 25 61 1.000 4 0 44

30 2 59 1.000 13 0 47

31 12 57 1.000 0 0 46

32 16 46 1.000 9 6 38

33 36 41 1.000 0 0 40

34 28 40 1.000 0 0 78

35 30 33 1.000 11 0 39

36 13 32 1.000 0 0 61

37 4 29 1.000 0 0 47

38 16 31 1.400 32 0 60

39 20 30 1.400 19 35 62

40 36 81 1.500 33 17 57

41 52 53 1.500 0 25 56

42 1 51 1.500 0 23 72

43 19 35 1.500 0 18 78

44 25 44 1.833 29 22 61

45 23 37 1.833 24 20 57

46 12 22 1.833 31 14 58

47 2 4 1.833 30 37 71


39

48 11 88 2.000 0 0 68

49 48 80 2.000 0 0 67

50 43 65 2.000 0 0 68

51 17 63 2.000 0 0 63

52 38 50 2.000 0 0 87

53 34 49 2.000 0 0 67

54 18 26 2.000 0 12 63

55 6 10 2.000 0 0 89

56 45 52 2.167 15 41 65

57 23 36 2.200 45 40 69

58 12 95 2.400 46 0 70

59 78 89 2.500 16 0 73

60 16 77 2.500 38 0 64

61 13 25 2.500 36 44 74

62 20 82 2.625 39 21 69

63 17 18 2.750 51 54 74

64 8 16 2.857 0 60 71

65 45 91 3.000 56 0 82

66 24 58 3.000 0 0 81

67 34 48 3.000 53 49 85

68 11 43 3.000 48 50 80

69 20 23 3.156 62 57 76

70 12 60 3.167 58 28 76

71 2 8 3.200 47 64 83

72 1 75 3.333 42 0 75

73 47 78 3.667 0 59 84

74 13 17 3.762 61 63 82

75 1 74 4.500 72 0 95

76 12 20 4.901 70 69 85

77 3 5 5.000 0 0 90

78 19 28 5.167 43 34 86

79 14 98 5.500 27 0 88

80 11 42 5.500 68 26 83

81 7 24 5.500 0 66 93

82 13 45 5.603 74 65 84

83 2 11 6.064 71 80 89

84 13 47 6.408 82 73 91

85 12 34 6.870 76 67 86

86 12 19 7.684 85 78 91

87 38 39 8.000 52 0 93

88 9 14 8.000 0 79 92

89 2 6 8.263 83 55 92

90 3 54 8.500 77 0 94

91 12 13 8.992 86 84 96

92 2 9 9.595 89 88 95

93 7 38 9.778 81 87 96

94 3 21 10.667 90 0 97

95 1 2 10.832 75 92 98

96 7 12 13.791 93 91 97

97 3 7 14.300 94 96 98

98 1 3 15.586 95 97 99

99 1 90 30.899 98 0 0


40

marketing research - perception towards tata “nano”

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