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National Funeral Directors Association


Funeral Xome Wastestream Audit Report

Prepared by

Killiam Associates

June 1995

This report is the property of the National Funeral Directors Association and may not be reproduced without permission from NFDA.

@National Funeral Directors Association

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION

Wastestream Audit

Table of Contents

Evecutive Summary 1

Preface 3

Purpose of the Audit 3 Scope of the Audit 4 Acknowledgments 4

Section-I: Basic Elements of the Audit 5

Identification of Chemicals 5

Product Identification 5 Use of Product Material Safety Data Sheets 6 Selection of Chemicals for Jesting Program 6

Testing Protocols 6

Environmental Jesting Protocols Analytical Parameters USEPA Approved Testing Methods

Clinical Testing Protocols

Sample Collection Procedures

Representative Sampling of a Funeral Home Discharge Embalming and Body Data Collection Wastewater Sample Collection

Composite Sample Preparation Sample Collection Arrangements Embalming and Total Discharge Sampling -

6 6 7 8

8

8 8 9 9 9

10

Section-11: Audit Findings

Discussion of Sampling and Analytical Data

Funeral Home Wastewater Characteristics

11

11

11

Section-Ill: Audit Data Analysis and Conclusions 16

16 Estimation of Flow Concentration Factors

Funeral Home Discharge Characteristics 16

Typical Embalming Duration and Discharge Volume Daily Average Funeral Home Discharge Funeral Home Discharge and Concentration in Sewer

17 18 18

Statistical Evaluation of Flow Concentration 20

Population and Typical POTW Sizes Death Rate and Embalmings per Day Funeral Home Discharge and P O W Influent Concentrations

21 21 22

Funeral Home Discharge and Effect on POTW Performance

Conclusions

End Notes

Ab bfeviations

Definitions

Attachments

NFDA Master List: MSDS Chemicals

Individual Funeral Home Sampling Data

Background on Embalming -

Sampling Field Notes

NFDA Waste Minimization Recommendations

23

24

25

27

28

31

A

B

C

D

E

Tables

Tabiel: Sampling Datf lotal Discharge Attachment B

Table-Z(A): Sampling DatdSampling Events A and B Attachment B

Table-Z(B): Sampling DatdSampling Events C, D-I, D-2 and E Attachment 6

Table-3: Individual Funeral Home Daily Average Discharge Flows 17

Table-4: Funeral Home Wastewater Characteristics of Interest and Daily Average Concentrations 18

Table-5: Theoretical Concentration Increase at P O W Influent Due to a Single Funeral Home Discharge 19

Table-6: Theoretical Concentration Increase at P O W Influent Due to Discharge From an Embalming 19

Table-7: Range and Number of P O W s in the United States 21

Table-8: Typical Community Size and Average Embalmings per Day 22

Table-9: Theoretical Concentration Increase at P O W Influent 22

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED W W Wcit;Cien Permission F m

National Funeral Dinectars Association

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

by the National Funeral Oirectors Association

This report presents the results of an environmental audit sponsored by the National Funeral

Diredors Assw-atiin (NFDA). The primary purpose of the NFOA Wastestream Audit was to fill a

void i g i e m informatibn oQ1 -&, nature, quantity aftd fate of wastewater generated in funeral

homes. The information deve(oped as a resuH of &is study will enable funeral directon to

informed and appropriate judgments about handling these wastes and €0 work cooperatively and

effectively with local regulators in their communities.

- .. +,*

The audit focused on an evaluation of wastewater discharged by funeral homes to community wastewater treatment mnts, assessed the composition of the wastewater and determined whether

a was likefy to have any impad on the operation of a local munidpaf wastewater treatment system to which it was discharged. Wastewater from five funeral homes was sampled and analyzed

according to established US. fZ"mental Pmtediort Agency (USEPA) proto~ols- The wastewater .

was a*& for conventional mutants, metals and an extensive list of organic chemicals compiled

by surveying commercial embalming products used by funeral homes.

The fobving condusions are supported by the data presented in this report, as well as USEPA and

other pertinent literature: > ,.*

fl Them is midm1 to negligible impact on communjty wastewater treatment systems by the

discharge of wastewater f n m most funeral homes-

2) Funeral home wastewater genec-ally contains low levels of biodegradable preservative

d"kalss but ordinarily will not be e x m e d to contain persistent toxic chemicals. Mod

f m l home wastewater contains formaldehyde, methanol and phenol, which are major

Companenfs of preservative solutions employed by funeral homes and which are readily

biodegraded-

1

in local waters-

An additiorral purpose of the pro jd was to evaluate and refine the effectiveness o f f b e d f"e

~padioesinachievingpofkrtionprevention. observat##rs * 0f f i " f home work pca&ces during

the study revealed m t ~ ~ ~ c e & a t j o n s of d.lemicaIs in funecaf home wastewater can be reduced

substantially by rr?odrficafjons in tradithal embahn-rtg pradies- A series of recommendatim desQmd to acrx>mplish the goal of pollution preventim Was developed hf NFDA and is i&uded in

this report as Attachment-€ A basic explanatiOn of the embalming process is ~So-provided as A f k x h " t - C - NFDA expects to continue to study industry wodc pmd-ms and to promote the use Of rei;o"ended procedures to reduce the already-smaif contribution fucleral homes make to

community wastewafer treatment systems.

. . - . . . .

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PREFACE

by the National Funeral Directors Association

The National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA) is a non-profit professional association founded

in 1882. It is the largest funeral service organization in the wortd, representing more than 20,000

funeral service practitioners.

The vast majority of funeral homes are family-owned and operated, and have remained in the same

family for more than 60 years. There are approximately 22,000 funeral homes in the country, most

operating in rural towns and communities or small cities. The average funeral home employs fewer

than eight full-time employees.

Throughout history, a primary concem of funeral service professionals has been the welfare of the

communities in which they live and work. It is not surprising, then, that a stated goal of the

association is to be a leader in safety, health and environmental issues related to the funeral service

profession. The NFDA Wastestream Audit illustrates NFDA's commitment to achieving this goal.

Purpose of the Audit

The primary purpose of the NFDA Wastestream Audit ("the audit") was to fill a void in information

on the origin, nature, quantity and fate of wastewater generated in funeral homes. NFDA recognizes

this information as a critical component of informed decision-making by local wastewater treatment

authorities who must evaluate the nature of wastewater entering and leaving treatment facilities to

ensure compliance with environmental requirements.

focused almost exclusively on the construction of treatment facilities and the

discharge from their treatment facilities to our nation's waters. Now, regulators are tracing the

er upstream to determine the source of pollutants entering the wastewater treated by their

treatment works. One of the first steps in this examination is to require businesses to provide more

comprehensive information about the nature and quantity of wastewater they discharge to the

wastewater treatment system.

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The data and information provided in this study provide a sound technical basis for funeral directors

to work cooperatively and effectively with local sewage treatment authorities and enable those

authorities to make informed decisions about the characteristics of funeral home discharge and its

contributions to wastestreams entering community wastewater treatment facilities.

Scope of the Audit

In addition to domestic discharge from commercial operations, and perhaps from a private residence

in the funeral home, the general constituents of wastewater discharged from funeral homes were

expected to be water, blood, body fluids and residual chemicals from the embalming process.

Initial research indicated a lack of information on the chemical nature of the wastewater, but this was

not the case with regard to the biological nature of the wastewater. A variety of reports from

government agencies, including the US. Department of Health and Human Services, were found

to have directly addressed this question. In each case, the authorities determined that blood and

body fluid discharged to sanitary sewers is not likely to pose a risk to wastewater workers or the

general public [ l , 2, 3, 41.

NFDA therefore narrowed the scope of its study to the origin, nature, quantity and fate of chemicals

contained in funeral home wastewater and discharge to the sewer system.

Acknowledgments

Killam Associates was selected to serve as NFDA's independent environmental consulting and

engineering firm for this project. Founded in 1937, Killam Associates has 11 offices in four states.

Killam's coordinated staff of professionals includes engineers, environmental scientists and

experienced field personnel. Extensive work with municipal wastewater management authorities and

private industry groups makes Killam Associates uniquely qualified for participation in this project.

- NFDA is appreciative of the many individuals serving in leadership positions within the association

who championed and supported this project throughout the course of the audit. A special thank you

is extended to the New Jersey State Funeral Directors Association for its dedication to and

assistance with this important national effort from start to finish.

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NFDA WASTESTREAM AUDIT

by Killam Associates

REPORT

SECTION-I 1 BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE AUDIT

This section of the NFDA Wastestream Audit report includes information on the selection of

parameters for which wastewater samples were analyzed, laboratory testing methods and sampling

collection procedures.

A. IDENTIFICATJON OF CHEMICALS

1. Product Identification

In ancient times, the embalming process may have been a simple one, but today a large group

of chemical products are made available to perform the process. These products are used as

arterial fluids, cavity fluids, co-injection fluids, non-arterial preservatives (powders, gels,

cauterants, aerosols and creams), supplement products (solvents, sealants, adhesives),

cosmetic products, cleaning compounds (cleaners, soaps, antiseptics, disinfectants,

deodorizers) and other miscellaneous products (tissue builders, feature builders, etc.).

For this study, about 600 different products were identified, which are manufactured for use in

the funeral service profession. This high number of products is accounted for by the various

suppliers ir! the market, who each sell a number of variants of the basic product types described

above. A typical funeral home would only use one or two varieties of each product type. A

substantial fraction of the 600 products, such as cosmetics, adhesives and tissue builders, would

not be used in such a way that they would be discharged in wastewater. -

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2. Use of Product Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

Eleven (1 1) major manufacturers were identified as suppliers of products used in funeral homes.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for these products were reviewed. (An MSDS lists the

chemical constituents of a product, except those present in very small amounts.) About 600

MSDSs were collected from the manufacturers. Information on the chemical constituents of the

products was compiled in a master list, included as Attachment-A to this report.

3. Selection of Chemicals for Testing Program

To derive a subset of parameters for testing and evaluation, component chemicals identified

were reviewed against standards for pollutants in federal laws and regulations, a typical local

sewer use ordinance and sewer discharge regulations. Parameters selected for the testing

program are discussed in detail below.

B. TESTING PROTOCOLS

1. Environmental Testing Protocols

a. Analytical Paremeters. To ensure the results of the study would be representative of

a typical funeral home discharge, an extensive list of chemicals was developed for which

wastewater samples would be analyzed. The list included many organic chemicals that were

not identified on the MSDS sheets. These additional chemicals are included in broad-

spectrum chemical analyses, which are commonly performed for detailed characterization

of wastestreams. The following five groups of parameters were selected for testing:

(1) Fifteen (15) Conventional Parameters: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5),

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Settleable

Solids, Ammonia (NH,-N), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Nitrate (NO,-N), Nitrite (NO,-N),

Phosphorus, Oil & Grease (O&G), Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC), color, pH, Dissolved

Oxygen (DO), and fecal coliform.

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(2) Fifteen (15) Metals: Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Cadmium (Cd),

Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Silver

(Ag), Thallium (TI), and Zinc (Zn). Cyanide (CN) and phenols (total) were also included

under this group.

(3) Forty-four (44) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC): comprised of twenty-nine (29)

volatile organic chemicals normally analyzed for a typical environmental study and fifteen

(15) additional VOCs, which may be present in a non-domestic discharge. A number of

these VOCs were identified on MSDSs. VOCs are listed in Attachment-8, Table-1.

(4) Eighty-two (82) Acid/Base/Neutral Organics (ABN): comprised of eleven (1 1)

phenolic compounds (acid extractable organics); forty-six (46) base and neutral organic

chemicals normally analyzed for a typical environmental study; and twenty-five (25)

additional ABN organics, which may be present in a discharge. A number of these ABN

organics were identified on MSDSs. ABN organics are listed in Attachment-B, Table-I.

(5) Miscellaneous Organics: During evaluation of a new discharger, regulator's typically

require analysis for pollutants listed in the above four groups plus commonly found

miscellaneous organics. Based on the master MSDS list, additional testing was included

for twenty-one (21) miscellaneous organics, comprised of formaldehyde, alcohol series

(nine alcohols) and eleven (1 1) other organics. These miscellaneous organics are listed

in Attachment B, Table-I.

b. USEPA Appmved Testing Mefhxk The USEPA has standardized analytical methods

for sampling and analysis conducted for any environmental compliance determination (Code

of Federal Regulations at 40 CFR 136). Laboratory Resources, a certified laboratory in New

Jersey, was selected to perform the analyses required for this project.

For those chemicals which the USEPA has not developed a testing method, other laboratory

standardized methods were used for analysis. Specifications for standardizing analytical

instrumentation for testing for organic chemical pollutants, which were not already available,

were developed. The standardization provided reliable and accurate information on organic

concentrations in the samples. Attachment-B, Table-I lists the methods used to analyze

samples.

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Without Wriften Permission From National Funeral Directors Association

2. Clinical Testing Protocols

To address compliance with U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration bloodbome

pathogen exposure regulations with respect to analytical testing laboratones, each sample collected was tested for HIV and hepatitis prior to chemical testing. The clinical laboratory

selected to conduct the tests standardized its instmments for HIV and hepatitis and developed

a protein concentration method for detection where standard instruments were not able to

analyze the diluted wastewater samples. The clinical analyses were expedited to comply with

holding time requirements for chemical analyses.

i

C. SAMPLE COLLECTION PROCEDURES

1. Representative Sampling of a Funeral Home Discharge

The wastewater sampling program was designed to represent typical daily discharges from

funeral homes on days when embalming was performed. On other days, a funeral home would

be expected to produce only a sanitary wastestream (typical domestic wastestream). The

selection of funeral homes was based primarily upon proximity to individuals involved in the

sampling and testing laboratories. This was especially important because sampling days and

times were not determined in advance. The funeral homes were asked to perform the

embalming using their usual embalming products and standard procedures. Six (6) sampling

events were performed at five (5) funeral home locations.

2. Embalming and Body Data Collection

Background information on the body, embalming process and chemicals used in the embalming

process was collected for each of the six (6) samples included in this report. More detailed

observations were recorded by a licensed embalmer for the last four (4) events to provide NFDA

with additional information on workplace practices, such as pre- and post embalming procedures,

background information on the embalmer and the condition of the remains. A data sheet for

each of the six sampling events is included in Attachment-D.

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3. Wastewater Sample Collection

a. Composite Sample Preparation. Sampling was conducted in accordance with the

USEPA, state and local sewerage authority requirements. The sampling procedure was

designed to represent the average daily composition of funeral home wastewater on days

when an embalming is being performed.

The discharge from a funeral home may include domestic wastewater (bathroom, shower,

laundry, cooking, cleaning, etc.) and embalming wastewater. The wastewater generated and

discharged from an embalming process is limited to a short period, normally about one hour

(per embalming). For the remainder of the day only domestic wastewater is discharged.

Attachment-B, Table-1 provides data on a 24-hour composite sample basis for all six (6)

sampling events. For the first two (2) sampling events (A and B), flow data and separate

embalming and domestic wastewater samples were collected during an embalming day. A

24-hour composite sample was prepared by combining the two samples on a flow

proportionate basis. Separate data on embalming and domestic wastewater sample

analyses for events A and B is provided in Attachment-B, Table-2(A). The sampling process

was modified for events C, D-1, D-2 and E to facilitate separate analyses of tap water,

embalming discharge, variations in the embalming process and sanitary discharge (data

provided in Attachment 8, Table2(B)). Embalming and domestic wastewater samples were

collected and analyzed separately and composite (combined/total discharge) concentrations

listed in Attachment-B, Table-1 were calculated based upon proportional volumes for the

later four (4) sampling events.

b. Sample Collection Armngemenfs. Because the embalming process is not a

prescheduled event, an arrangement was made with each funeral home to collect

wastewater samples. All funeral homes selected for sampling were inspected prior to

sampling, and necessary arrangements and physical modifications were made to allow

separate collection of embalming and domestic wastewater samples, including pipe cleaning

and re-piping of the sewer discharge line, if necessary. Each funeral home was required to

inform the environmental consultant (sampling personnel) as soon as a request for

embalming sewices was made. An hour's advance notice was provided to allow for set-up

of sampling equipment prior to beginning the embalming process.

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National Funerel Directors Association

c. Embalming and Total Discharge Sampling. The entire volume of embalming process

wastewater was collected to gather a representative sample. Separate samples of the total

embalming wastewater and 24-hour domestic wastewater were collected and analyzed. The

24-hour composite concentrations (Le., average daily discharge concentrations over a 24-

hour period during the embalming day) are listed in Attachment-B, Table-I. The combination

of embalming and domestic wastewaters was based on the proportionate contribution of

each to the total daily wastewater volume.

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National Funeral Ditectors Association

SECTION-II: AUDIT FINDINGS

This section of the NFDA Wastestream Audit report summarizes funeral home wastewater laboratory

analysis data presented in Attachment-B and discusses the data relative to findings pertaining to the

impact of funeral home wastewater discharge on POTWs presented in Section-Ill (Audit Data

Analysis and Conclusions).

A. DISCUSSION OF SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL DATA

The wastewater discharge volume from a typical funeral home is small, similar to a typical

household. The embalming process contributes a small increase in the discharge volume on days

when embalming occurs. Based on discharge volume data presented in Table-3, the typical volume

generated per embalming averages 120 gallons, while the 24-hour period average (including

sanitary) discharge from a typical funeral home was 630 gallons. This results in a dilution ratio of

about 1 : 5 between embalming and total discharge volumes.

The quality and quantity of wastewater resulting from the embalming process may differ somewhat

from one embalming to another, primarily because there are a number of factors that determine the

type of embalming performed. These factors indude, but are not limited to, body typelcondition, type

of embalming process performed, type of embalming chemicals used, duration of embalming and

performance of embalmer. (More detailed information on the embalming process is included as

Attachment-C). However, the six (6) sets of analytical data collected provide a reasonable estimate

of embalming wastewater characteristics and the presence of residual chemicals in an average

discharge. Consequently, the data collected is representative of funeral home wastewater

characteristics of interest to local sewerage authorities.

B. FUNERAL HOME WASTEWATER CHARACTEWSTICS

Five (5) groups of parameters selected for testing in this study are described in Section-I (Basic

Elements of the Study) of this report. The final analysis of data and information developed during

the audit resulted in a limited number of funeral home discharge characteristics warranting further

investigation. Audit data and research on each of these characteristics is discussed below.

I NOT TO BE REPRODUCED Without Written Permission Fmm


Conventional Pollutant GmupBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD& The BOD, concentration

range in the total daily discharge from a funeral home during a day when an embalming was performed was between 25 mgll and 438 mg/l, with an average of 225 mg/l. The maximum

concentration was higher than the typical domestic BOD, concentration of 250 mg/l, but the six (6)

sample average was lower (225 mg/l). The variation in these average values is not significant.

POTWs are designed to remove an average influent BOD, at levels ranging from 110 to 400 mg/l

[6]. On a daily average basis, the typical funeral home discharge increases a P O W BOD,

concentration by less than 1 mg/l (Table-5). Even when considering the embalming waste alone,

the BOD, concentration may increase up to 6 mg/l, on a short term basis (Table-6). In both cases,

the P O W performance should not be impacted.

Conventional Pdlutant GroupChemical Oxygen " a n d (COD): The COD concentration range

in the total daily discharge from a funeral home during a day when an embalming was performed

was between 106 mg/l and 880 mgA, with an average of 601 mg/l. The average concentration was

only marginally greater than the typical domestic concentration, which is 500 mgll.

Typical P O W influent COD concentrations are 250 to 1000 mgll [6]. As with BOD, the COD

concentration in a typical funeral home discharge is not likely to impact the P O W performance.

Conventional Pollutant GnwpFecal Coliform: Fecal coliform concentrations in all samples were

quite high, which may be explained by the fact that fecal coliform samples were analyzed after the

recommended holding time due to a delay in getting results from the clinical laboratory. The holding

time is the maximum time recommended by the USEPA to analyze the pollutant sample to obtain

reliablelaccurate concentrations. Additionally, these samples contained domestidsanitary

wastewater, which generally contains high levels of fecal coliform. Domestidsanitary wastewater

from funeral homes is typically not held prior to discharge, and therefore fecal coliform

concentrations should not be of concem to wastewater treatment authorities.

-

Metals Gmup/iMefals: Metals were not detected in any significant concentrations.

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Without Written Permission From National Funeral Directors Association

Metals Gmup'Phenols (rota/): The phenols (total) concentration range in the total daily discharge

from a funeral home during a day when an embalming was performed was between non-detectable

to 19.0 mg/l, with an average of 3.8 mg/l. Most of the phenols in a funeral home discharge come

from compounds used in the embalming process.

Phenols are highly biodegradable chemicals and should not have any noticeable impact on

operations of a treatment plant (8, 9, 70, 77, 73, 141, especially given the small quantitylloading

discharged from a funeral home.

Although POTWs are not specifically designed to treat organic chemicals, many organic chemicals

are biodegraded in the treatment process. The degree of phenol removal from the wastewater

varies based on the type of treatment process, how well the plant is operated and initial

concentrations.

Literature reviewed indicated that POlWs can be expected to achieve a high degree of phenol

removal. Data varies on the extent of phenol biodegradation. Although one study showed little or

no phenol removal, a USEPA report to Congress found POTWs can remove 80 to 95 percent of

influent phenol (771. An intensive study of 20 POlWs by the USEPA found phenol removal rates

as high as 96 percent (91. Another USEPA pilot study found phenol removals average 91 percent

for activated sludge and tricWing fitter treatment (81. In a separate study, an industrial treatment plant

received on an average 123 mg/l of phenol and provided an effluent phenol concentration of 0.5 mg/l

(99.6 percent removal) (75'.

In the USEPA's 1993 final rule amending the Organic Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetic Fiberts

Industry Categorical Pretreatment Standards, phenol was not regulated based on the USEPA's

determination that phenol is biodegraded and does not pass through POTWs [77].

Accordingly, phenol in wastewater discharged to a P O W can be expected to be biodegraded.

Volatile Organic Compounds Group (VOC): No volatile organics were found in significant

concentrations. Chloroform was detected in all samples in very low concentrations (maximum 0.026

mg/l). It is likely that background potable water may have contributed to these concentrations, as

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no embalming product containing chloroform was used during the sampling days. 1,2-

Dichlomethane and Butyl Alcohol were detected in one sample at a concentration of 0.034 mg/l and

0.016 mgll, respectively. No other volatile organic was detected over 0.01 mg/l.

AciaVBase/Neutm/ Organics Group (ABN): Phenol (phenol only, as opposed to total phenols

addressed under the metals group) was detected in three (3) of the six (6) samples, with a

maximum concentration of 0.88 mgll. The presence of phenol is due to compounds containing

phenol used in the embalming process. Phenol is highly biodegradable [8, 9, 70, 7 7, 131 and should

not have any effect on wastewater treatment processes, given the small volumes of wastewater

discharged from funeral homes,

Some phthalates (Bis-2-ethylhexyl, Diethyl) were detected in very small concentrations. The

presence of these common plasticizer compounds may be due to the use of plastic containers or

equipment during process andor sampling, as no embalming product containing any phthalates was

used during sampling.

No other ABN organic was detected in any significant (over 0.01 mgll) concentration. Of the ABN

organic compounds detected during ABN peaks search analysis, most are typically found in any

domestic discharge. They are likely sanitary in origin and not due to the embalming process.

Miscellaneous Organics Gmup/Miscellaneous Chemicals: None of the eleven miscellaneous

targeted chemicals in this group was found in any significant (greater than 0.01 mg/l) concentrations.

Miscellaneous Oqanics Group/Alcohol Series: Under the alcohol series, only methanol was

detected at a level greater than 0.01 mg/l. The methanol concentration range in the total daily

discharge from a funeral home during a day when embalming was performed was from non-

detectable to 173 mg/l, with an average of 54.7 mg/l. The presence of methanol in the wastewater

is due to products containing methanol used in the embalming process.

Methanol is a highly biodegradable compound (9, IO, 711 that is actually used as feed for bacteria

in some wastewater treatment works. These concentrations detected should not have any effect

on the wastewater treatment processes due to the small volume of wastewater discharged from a

funeral home and its commingling with other wastewater in the sewer system.

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A literature search did not produce a large amount of information regarding the fate of methanol

within a POW. One reason for this may be that methanol (and other alcohols) is used as a carbon

source (Le., food) for advanced biological treatment processes and therefore, has proven to be

highly biodegradable F]. A USEPA report to Congress confirmed biodegradability of methanol [7 71. In the report, the USEPA found that 95 to 100 percent of methand entering a P O W is removed.

The USEPA estimated that 10 percent of influent methanol is partitioned to sludge, about 0 to 5 percent is emitted to the atmosphere, and the majority (80 to 90 percent) is biodegraded [77].

Misce/!aneous Organics Gmup’Fonnaldehyde: Formaldehyde was found in all samples, as it is the chemical predominantly used in the embalming process. The formaldehyde concentration range

in the total daily discharge from a funeral home during a day when an embalming was performed,

was between 5.2 mg/l and 410 mg/l, with an average of 88.2 mg/i. Formaldehyde is highly

biodegradable F, 8, 9, 70, 77, 73, 74, 751, and should not have any noticeable impact on operations

of a treatment plant, especially given the small quantity/loading from a funeral home. (See Table-5

and Table-6.)

Literature reviewed confirmed that formaldehyde is biodegradable within POTWs. A study indicated

that microorganisms within an activated sludge bio-mass can use formaldehyde as their sole source

of carbon F]. The literature reported formaldehyde removal ranging from 85 to nearly 100 percent

[S, 9, 70, ?4]. One study showed influent concentrations up to 120 mg/l can be treated without

impact on the biomass in an activated sludge system [74]. An industrial wastewater treatment facility

which treated mostly industrial waste received an average of 332 mg/l of formaldehyde without any

significant adverse effects on the biological treatment [75]. This industrial treatment facility was

operated differently than most POTWs, due to the higher formaldehyde loadings. In a report to

Congress, the USEPA determined that POTWs can remove 80 to 85 percent of the formaldehyde

entering a POTW[77]. Approximately 10 percent of the formaldehyde is partitioned to sludge, 0 to

5 percent is discharged to the atmosphere, and 65 to 75 percent is biodegraded.

Accordingly, the literature indicates significant amounts of formaldehyde can be biodegraded through

biological treatment facilities (POTW). The degree of formaldehyde degradation varies and appears

to be site specific.

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Without Written Permission From . National Funeral Directors Association

SECTION-Ill: AUDIT DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS

This section of NFDA Wastestream Audit report evaluates the impact of funeral home wastewater

discharge on wastewater treatment processes on an industty wide basis and provides the

condusions drawn from the audit. The initial step in this examination is to characterize the volume

and chemical composition of wastewater discharged from a typical funeral home. Even though there

may be a number of variable factors in the embalming process, the types and concentrations of

pollutants detected in wastewater samples were consistent throughout the study. The average

values were combined with typical Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) flow data to evaluate

concentration factors and expected concentrations at the P O W .

A. ESTIMATION OF CONCENTRATION FACTORS

As detailed in Section-ll (Audit Findings), wastewater discharged from funeral homes was generally

found to contain phenols, methanol and formaldehyde (preservative chemicals used in the

embalming process). It also was found to contain BOD, and COD (two oxygen demand parameters),

sometimes at levels that may exceed typical residential discharge values. These five wastewater

characteristics were, therefore, targeted for further analysis.

To analyze concentration factors, typical funeral home wastewater flow and concentrations were

developed for phenols, methanol, formaldehyde, BOD, and COD from the six (6) sets of sample

data. The impact of a single funeral home on various size POTWs was then calculated, using

statistical data on annual death rates, per capita wastewater generation, typical community sizes and

typical P O W flows. The resulting impact of the funeral home wastewater discharge on the P O W

performance was then assessed. The results of this analysis are presented in the tables and

discussion below.

B. FUNERAL HOME DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS

-

Funeral home embalming wastes are only a portion of the overall wastewater flow from funeral

homes. Flow from sinks, toilets, laundry, deaning, showers and other water-using devices contribute

a large portion of the daily wastewater flow. These other flows typically are commingled in the pipe

leaving the funeral home with the embalming flows and, on a daily average basis, mix with

embalming wastes. The embalming and sanitary wastewater discharged from the funeral home is

16

Wastestmam Audif Rep0 NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Without Written Permission from National Funeral Di/ectors Association

Wastewater Discharge in Gallons Sampling Event Process Type Embalming Sanitary Total

A Embalming 32 207.8 239.8 B Embalming 117.6 414.3 531.9 C Embalming 338 1281 1690

0-1 Embalming 110 470 580 5 2 Embalming 10 470 480 E Embalming 46 223.3 269.3

Daily Average Flow 120.8 511.1 631.8

Re-aspiration 71

.

further mixed with other flows from other dischargers to the sewers conveying wastewater to the

P O W .

1. Typical Embalming Duration and Discharge Volume

17


Without Writfen Pennission From National Funeral Directors Association

Parameters Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Event A Event B Event C Event 0.1 Event 0.2 Event E

BOD,, (mg/l) 260.0 438.0 219.1 1 17.6 25 290.4 COD (mg/l) 880.0 610.0 454.2 691.3 106.2 866.3 Phenols (mg/l) 2.5 0.4 19.0 -5 .008 .2 Methanol (mg/l) ND ND 173.2 77.8 5.2 71.7 Formaldehyde (mg/l; 30.0 26.0 18.1 39.8 5.2 410.0

2. Daily Average Funeral Home Discharge

Avg Cone.

217.4 524.5 8.8 94.9 49.5

Table-4 lists the daily average results for each sample on the five funeraf home wastewater

characteristics of interest. Using the flows and concentrations from each sampling event, a flow

weighted average was calculated for the typical funeral home discharge. Table4 summarizes

the results of this calculation.

3. Funeral Home Discharge and Concentration in Sewer

Using the calculated average funeral home discharge flow (Table-3) and the daily average

concentrations of the five wastewater characteristics of interest (Table-4), the increase in influent

concentrations for five (5) P O W sizes was calculated. The values in Table-5 below reflect the

estimated increase in concentration above background levels in the P O W influent wastewater

due to the discharge from the average funeral home. It was assumed that none of the pollutants

were reduced in the sewer by chemical reactions, biodegradation or volatilization (evaporation).

If the pollutants were reduced in the sewer, then the expected concentrations at the P O W would be lower than those shown in Table-5.

18

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED Without Written Permission From

National Funeral Dimetors Association

Treatment Plant Flow (MGD; BOD COD Phenols Methanol Formaldehyde (mg/)l (mg/l) (mgll) (mg/l) (mg/l)

0.5 0.275 0.663 0.01 1 0.120 0.063 1 0.137 0.331 0.005 0.060 0.03 1 5 0.027 0.066 0.001 0.012 0.006

25 0.005 0.013 0.0002 0.002 0.001 50 0.003 0.007 0.0001 0.001 0.0006 .

Treatment Plant Flow (MGD:

0.5 1 5

25 50

The impact of the embalming discharge alone, without domestic wastewater, was also

evaluated. Embalming discharge data are presented in Attachment-B, Table-a(A) and Table-

2(B).

BOD COD Phenols Methanol Formaldehyde (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mgll) (mg/l) 5.272 12.81 0.264 2.858 1.223 2.636 6.405 0.132 1.429 0.61 1 0.527 1.281 0.026 0.286 0.122 0.105 0.256 0.005 0.057 0.024 0.053 0.128 0.003 0.029 0.012

The data in Table6 above show higher concentrations than daily average concentrations listed

in Table-5 because the embalming process discharge is limited to about one hour and dilution

from funeral home domestic wastewater is not included. Most POTWs are designed based on

average daily flows and loadings. Therefore, the average daily embalming waste will have less

(24 times less) impact than the embalming only discharge. In either case, no significant impact

on the POTW performance is expected because of the small volume of embalming waste, the

limited duration of the discharge, dilution within the sewer system, biodegradation and

volatilization within the sewer system, and the high biodegradability rate of chemicals in the

P O W .

-

19

Wastestream A u d ~ Repo NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Without Written Permission Fmm National Funeral Directors Association

C. STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF FLOW CONCENTRATION

Most moderate to larger urban communities typically have more than one funeral home discharging

into the POW. To evaluate the effect of discharges from more than one funeral home to a P O W ,

pollutant concentrations were developed using an estimate of the number of embalmings per day

based on the population size. By using statistical data on death rates and P O W sizes along with

the audit data, a daily average increase in concentration at the P O W inlet was calculated.

To estimate the concentrations of chemicals discharged by funeral homes at the P O W , it was

necessary to determine the community size, the P O W s total flow, the number of funeral homes

discharging into the P O W and the number of embalmings performed on a typical day at each

funeral home. Using an average of the chemical concentration data collected on funeral home

discharges, expected concentrations at the P O W can be calculated.

Wrth more than 15,000 POWs in the United States 161, a few typical community sizes were selected

for this evaluation. From a particular community size, the P O W size was estimated based on

USEPA 161 and other published data. Finally, to estimate the number of embalmings that may occur

in a typical day, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention death rates were used [#I. Four (4)

combinations of community and P O W sizes were considered, along with average death rates and

average embalming discharge concentrations.

The following assumptions were made to assure that the resulting conclusions are conservative:

(1) No reduction in the concentration of embalming chemicals occurred as a result of chemical

reaction, biodegradation or volatilization in the sewers leading to the P O W .

(2) All deaths resulted in embalming waste discharged to a P O W .

(3) The P O W received no flow from industrial or commercial sources.

(4) Where death rates in a particular community size averaged less than one per day, a minimum

average daily embalming of one was assumed.

20

All assumptions made result in less dilution and higher calculated mncctntrations at the Pow. The

tables and discussion below provide a summaty of the calculations.

1. Population and Typical P O W Sizes

USEPA data on the number and size ranges for POTWs across the United States were

reviewed Is/ and summarized in Table-7 below. The population served was estimated using 75

gallons of wastewater per day per person [6].

Table-7 : Range and Number of POWs in the United States

For annual funeral home demographic survey purposes, NFDA has established the following five

typical community sues in which funeral homes are located: (1) Rural Size - population less than

1,000; (2) TownlRural Size -population less than 10,000; (3) Small City - population 10,000 to

50,000; (4) Moderate Sue City - population 50,000 to 500,000; and (5) Large Size City - population greater than 500,000 [5]. Because the above ranges of plant sizes and population

served are generally consistent with the community sizes established for NFDA survey purposes,

the five NFDA community sizes were used for the evaluation.

2. Death Rate and Embalmings Per Day -

Based on December 1992 data published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [4],

the average death rate in the United States was 8-5 per 1,000 population per year. Using this

annual death rate, a daily death rate was calculated and used for the embalming rate. This

21

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED witfrout Wrttten petmission Fmm

National Funeml Directors Associafion

results in a conservative estimate of the number of embalmings, as an embalming is not

performed for each death. These data are presented in Tabid belaw.

Table4 : Typical Community Sire and Average Embalmings per Day

3. Funeral Home Discharge and POTW Influent Concentrations

Table-9 below shows the dilution of the average daily and peak embalming funeral home

discharge based on the community population. Because per capita data for both wastewater

flow and death rates were used, the resulting concentmtions are the same for large communities

(more than 10,000). Fw smaller communities (10,eOO or less), less dilution occurs on the

infrequent days when embalming occurs. The concentration increases shown in Table-9 for

small communities have therefore been calculated for the day on h i c h an embalming takes

place, using average.embalmings per day shown in Table-8, with a minimum of one (1)

embalming per day.

Tabie-9 : Theoretical Concentration Increase at POTW Influent

Up% 50,000 0.043 0.103 0.002 0.019 0.010 Up to 500,000 0.043 0.103 0.002 0.019 0.01 0

More than 500,000 0.043 0.103 0.002 0.019 0.010

22

Wastestream Audit Repod NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

W ~ o u t W a n Pmnission From -*


D. FUNERAL HOME DISCHARGE AND EFFECT ON P O W PERFORMANCE

The analysis of the wastewater discharged by a typical funeral home shows that concentration

increases at the P O W influent are not significant.

On a daily average basis, the concentration increase at the P O W would be less than 1 mgll for

each of the chemicals and parameters of interest (see Table9 above). When considering the nature

and short-term flow (one-hour) of embalming wastes alone, the organic chemical concentration

increases are in the 1 to 2 mgA range in smaller POTWs (see Table-6 above). The 0.5 MGD P O W would serve a community of approximately 6,000 to 7,000. With a death rate of 8.5 per 1,000 of

population, this results in 60 embalmings per year (assuming all deaths result in embalming). With

a typical embalming lasting one hour, the P O W would see the 1 to 2 mg/l spike for 60 hours out

of the year or less than 1 percent of the time.

There are many factors that affed the degree of biodegradation in sewers such as flow volume, flow

velouty, dissolved oxygen, the time a waste is in the sewer and rainfall. This analysis assumed that

no concentration reduction occurred in the sewer, and therefore the results of the statistical analysis

presented herein can be considered a worst case scenario.

As fully discussed in Section-ll (Audit Findings), the three preservative chemicals of interest in this

study are readily biodegraded in a POW. The literature shows that POTWs successfully remove

phenol, methanol, and formaldehyde with inlet concentrations much higher than what a typical

funeral home would contribute.

Even though some sewerage authorities may have interest in the preservative chemicals because

they are not found in a typical household discharge, it is expected that due to the high

biodegradability of these chemicals at concentrations found in this study, and the small volume of

wastewater discharged from a typical funeral home, there would be no significant effect on P O W

operations.

23

Wasfe NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Without Wriffen Permission From National Funeral Directors Association

E. CONCLUSIONS

The following conclusions are supported by the data presented in this report:

(1) There is minimal to negligible impact on local wastewater treatment systems resulting from the

discharge of wastewater from most funeral homes.

(2) Funeral home wastewater generally contains low levels of biodegradable preservative chemicals,

but ordinarily will not be expected to contain persistent toxic chemicals. Most funeral home

wastewater contains formaldehyde, methanol and phenol, which are major components of

preservative solutions employed by funeral homes and which are readily biodegraded.

(3) Although all three of these preservative chemicals are toxic to treatment system bacteria at high

concentrations, the low levels of preservative chemicals found in funeral home wastewater allow

for efficient biological treatment. Thus the discharge wastewater from most funeral homes will

not impair the operation of treatment plants or result in toxicity in local waters. Data from the

USEPA and other sources support this conclusion.

24

ffl

f21

131

141

191

Wastestmam Audit Report NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Without Written Permission From National Funerel Directors Association

END NOTES

State of Ohio, Department of Health, Environmental Protection Agency: Blood in the Sewer

System; Does it Pose a Health Risk?, January 1993 Fact Sheet.

US. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease

Registry: Report to Congress on the Public Health Implications of Medical Waste,

September 1990.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection report on the management and

operation of the state's regulated medical waste program: NJ Plan, April 1993.

US. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics: Monthly Vital Statistics Report,

Vol 41, No.12, May 19, 1993.

National Funeral Directors Association: G. P.L. Survey, January 1991.

Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.: Wastewater Engineering, Teatment Disposal Reuse, Third Edition,

McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.

USEPA Manual "Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental Contaminants:

Formaldehyde", EPA Manual PB-256 839, August 1976.

Hannah, Sidney A, et. a/. "Removal of Organic Toxic Pollutants by Trickling Filter and

Activated Sludge", Joumal of Water Pollution Control Federation, Volume 60, No. 7, p. 1281

(1988).

USEPA Manual "Fate of Priority Pollutants in Publicly Owned Treatment Works - Interim

Report" €PA -440/1-8O-30 1, October 1 980.

25

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED Wmout Written Permission From


[lo] USEPA Manual “Fate of Priorrty Pollutants in Publidy Owned Treatment Works - Pilot Study”

EPA-440/1-80-307, October 1979.

[?I] USEPA Manual “Report to Congress on the Discharge of Hazardous Wastes to Publicly

Owned Treatment Works’’ EPN530 -SW-86-004, February 1986.

[72] Water Environment Federation, Industrial Wastewater Treatment Digest (1 992)

[I31 Kaplan, David L., Hartenstein, Roy, and Sutter, Jim “Biodegradation of Polystyrene,

Poly(methy1 methacrylate) and Phenol Formaldehyde” Applied And Environmental

Microbiology, Volume 38, No. 3, p55 1-553 (1 979).

(741 USEPA Manual, Robbins, James H. et. a/. , “Development of On-shore Treatment Systems

for Sewage From Watercraft Retention System“ €PA Manual PB-234-645, July 1974.

[l5/ Housden, A.J. “Operational Experiences in the Effective Treatment of Effluents from

Synthetic Resin Manufacture” Water Pollution Control, Vo1.70 p.490 (1 981)

[lS] The following Database were used for the literature search :

Pollution Abstracts Database (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts)

Water Resources Abstracts Database

USEPA’s VISIT Database

USEPA’s RERC Database

National Environmental Joumal Solutions 2-1 -0 Database

Joumal Of Water Pollution Control Federation

Engineering Science & Technology Joumal

USEPA’s Publications On Wastewater & Treatment Bibliography

-

1171 59 Fed. Reg. 36873 (July 9, 1993)

26

ABN

BOD,

CFR

COD

DO

GPD

HN

MGD

MG/L

MSDS

NFDA

O&G

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED Without Written Permission Fmm


ABBREVIATIONS

Acid/Base/Neutral Organics

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days)

Code of Federal Regulations

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Dissolved Oxygen

Gallons per Day

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Million gallons per day

Milligrams per liter

Material Safety Data Sheet


Oil and Grease

PHC Petroleum Hydrocarbons

P O W

su

TKN Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

TSS Total Suspended Solids

USEPA

voc Volatile Organic Compounds

Publicly Owned Treatment Works (sewage treatment plant)

Standard Unit (for pH analysis)

United State Environmental Protection Agency

27

Wastestream Audit NOT TO BE REPRODUCE

Without Written Permission From National Funeral Directors Association

DEFINITIONS

Authority or Sewer Authority: Refers to the authority managing wastewater discharged to the

sanitary sewer system.

Average Domestic Wastewater Characteristics: Domestic wastewater with average BOD, and

TSS concentrations of 250 mgll each. (Additional pollutant parameters may be included to define

average domestic wastewater by the authority.)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD& The quantity of oxygen utilized in the biochemical oxidation

of organic matter for five (5) days at 20°C expressed in terms of weight and concentration (mg/l) in

accordance with an approved test procedure.

Categorical Standards: Pretreatment Standards as codified in 40 CFR, Chapter I , Subchapter N

specifying quantities or concentrations of pollutants or pollutant properties which may be discharged

or introduced to a P O W by existing or new Industrial Users in specific industrial subcategories.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): A measure of the oxygen-consuming capacity of inorganic and

organic matter present in water or wastewater expressed as the amount of oxygen consumed from

a chemical oxidant in accordance with an approved test procedure.

Composite Sample: A sample consisting of several effluent portions collected during a specified

time period and combined to make a representative sample in accordance with an

approved/authorized procedure.

Discharge: Releasing, spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping of any

pollutant into the sewer system, into the waters of the nation or onto the land or into wells from which

the pollutant might flow or drain into the waters of the nation.

-

Domestic Wastewater: The liquid waste or liquid-bome waste discharged from residential units,

normally resulting from the noncommercial preparation, cooking and handling of food and/or wastes

from sanitary conveniences.

28

~ a s t e ~ a m Audit Report NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Wiilhout Writlen Permission From National Funeral Directors Association

L oca/ Limits or Standards Any restriction on quantities, quality, rate or concentration of chemical,

physical, biological, thermal or other constituents of wastewater, established by the

municipality/authority for a discharger within its sewer system.

Non-Domestic Washwafer: Wastewater which is not dassfied as domestic wastewater as defined

above and may have generated from, including but not limited to, industrial production,

industriaUcommercial processes, service industries, research and development, cleaning/washing,

contaminated groundwater, leachate, etc.

pH: The logarithm (Base 10) of the reciprocal of the concentration of Hydrogen ions in moles per

liter of solution. A solution with a pH greater than 7.0 SU is said to be basic (alkaline); a solution with

a pH less than 7.0 SU is said to be acidic; and pH of 7.0 SU is considered neutral.

PoNufant Any dredged spoil, solid waste, holding tank waste, incinerator residue, sewage,

garbage, refuse, oil, grease, sewage sludge, munitions, chemical wastes, biological materials,

radioactive substance, thermal waste, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt and

industrial, municipal or agricultural waste or other substance discharged directly or indirectly into the

waters of the state, the introduction of which renders these waters detrimental or immediately or

potentially dangerous to the public health or unfit for public or commercial use.

Pub/ic/y Owned Tmafment Works (POTYY): Water pollution control treatment system or Sewage

Treatment Plants as defined by Sections 212 and 502(4) of the CWA, which is owned and/or

operated by a govemmental agency. This also includes any sewers that convey wastewater to a

treatment works; and pipes, sewers and other conveyances connected to a facility providing

treatment.

Sanitary Sewer. A sewer which carries domestic and non-domestic wastewater from residential,

commercial and industrial institutions together with small quantities of storm, ground and/or surface

waters that are not admitted intentionally. -

Sewer System: The wastewater collection and treatment systems of the municipality.

29

~a~~~~ NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

Wdout Written Permission From "Yonel Funeral Directors Association

Toxic Po//utant Those pollutants, or combinations of pollutants, including disease-causing agents,

which, after discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation or assimilation into any organism,

either directly or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, may on the basis of information available

to the regulating authority, cause death, disease, behavioral abnonalities, cancer, genetic

mutations, physiological malfunctions, including malfunctions in reproduction, or physical

deformation, in such organisms or their offspring. Toxic pollutants shall include, but not be limited

to, those pollutants designated under Section 307 of the Federal Act or Section 4 of the State Act.

T m a m e n t Works: Any device or system, whether public or private, used in collection,

transportation, storage, treatment, recycling, or reclamation of municipal or industrial waste of a

liquid nature, including: intercepting sewers, outfall sewers, sewage collection system, cooling

towers and ponds, pumping, power and other equipment and their appurtenances; extensions,

improvements, remodeling, additions, and alterations thereof; elements essential to provide a

reliable recycled supply such as standby treatment units and clear well facilities; any other works

including sites for the treatment process or ultimate disposal of residues resulting from such

treatment.

User. Any person who discharges, causes or permits the discharge of wastewater into the municipal

sanitary sewer system.

1:

Wastewafer. The liquid and water-carried wastes from dwellings, commercial building, industrial

facilities, and institutions, together with any groundwater, surface water, and storm

water that may be present, whether treated or untreated, which is discharged into or permitted to

enter the POW.

Wastewater Treatment F8ci/@t/P/af?t The portion of the sewer system designed to provide

treatment of wastewater.

30

AITAC HM ENfS

fA) NFDA MASTER LIST : MSDS CHEMICALS

(B) INDNIDUAL FUNERAL HOME SAMPUNG DATA

(C) BACKGROUND ON EMBALMING

(0) SAMPUNG FIELD NOTES

(E) NFDA WASTE MINIMIZATION RECOMMENDA77ONS

31

ATTACHMENT-A

NFDA MASTER UST: MSDS CHEMICALS

NOIJWXSSV sao.Lzma WEZNIM WNOLLVN

,I .

MANUFACTURER

EMBALMERS' SUPPLY

NATIONAL mRvERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION MASTER LIST : MATERLAL SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS

FLASH PROD UCT NAME TYPE / USE POINT CHEMICAL #l CHEMICAL K? CHEMCAL RT CHEMICAL Rrq CHEMICAL #5

(F)

CIRCART Arterial Embalminz Chem. 142.0 Formaldehvde Mctbaool Diethvlenc Glvwl DODGE CHEMCAL PyRAMlD A r t e M Embalming Chem. 186.0 Formaldehyde Melbanol EMBALMERS' SUPPLY CLRCART A r t c ~ Embalmiug Cbem. 142.0 Formaldehyde M ~ M o ~ Diethyllcac Glywl EMBALMERS SUPPL Y CIRCOL A r t e d Embalmwg Chem. 167.0 Formaldehyde Meth~01

EMBALMERS ' SUPPL Y EMBALMERS' SUPPLY

CLAF AR TERIAL. Arterial Embalming Chem. 152.0 Formaldehyde Methanol Lanolinc oil COMPO HARD ARTERIAL Arterial Embalming Cbem. 166.0 Formaldehyde Methanol

I EMBALh4ERS SUPPLY I C O W UEDIUM ARTERIAL I Embalming Cbcm. I 1 73.0 I Formaldehyde I Methanol I I I EMBALHERS' SUPPLY EMBALMERS' SUPPLY EMBAL.MERS' SUPPLY EMBALMERS ' SUPPLY

EPIC ARTERIAL 18 Arterial Embalming Cbem. 167.0 Formaldehyde Methanol Lanoline oil EPIC ARTERIAL 25 Arterial Embalming Chcm. 157.0 Formaldehyde Methand Lanoline oil EPIC TAN ARTERIAL 18 Arterial Embalming Chem. 167.0 Formaldehyde Methanol Lanoline oil E3CO SPE. ARTERIAL. PINK Arterial Embalming Chem. 171 .O Formaldehyde Methanol

EMBALMERS * SUPPL Y EMBALMERS SUPPL Y EMB.4LhfERS' SUPPLY

ESCO SPE. ARTERIAL TAN Ardcrial Embalming Chem. 171.0 Forrnaldehyde Mefhand INSTANT ARTERIAL Arterial Embalming Chcm. 154.0 Formaldehyde Methand Diethylene Glycol LEAF ARTERIAL Artuial Embalminn Chem. 172.0 Formaldehvde Methanol hol ine oil

MANUFACTURER

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION MASTER LIST : MAT= SAFETY DATA SHEET C M I C U

PRODUCT NAME TYPE / USE 1 1 CHEMICAL #l CHEMICAL #2 CHEMICAL #3 CHEMICAL M CHEMICAL K5

(Revisad 7/25/93

1 Formaldehyde I Methanol I Hewlure Glvwl I TricClranolambe I

I

1 Formaldcbvde I Methanol I Hwvlure Glvwl TriatbanoJamiue I

VIVATONE ARTERIAL - 24 VISA BALM F L " G ARTER. VISA BALM NORMAL ARTER.

I WW CREST CHEM.

Arterial Embalming Chem. 141.0 Embalmiug Fluid Embalming Fluid

I WW CREST CHEM.

Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Formaldehyde Formaldehyde

WW CREST CHEM. WW CREST CHEM. WW CREST CHEM. WW SEAL SUPPLY WLD SEAL SUPPLY

Metbaa01 Methanol Methanol Methanol

. . . . . . .. . ~~~~~~

TEEN X ATERIAL Arterial Embalming C k m . .:.:.:5.:..C.,.,t.,,,.,.a...~

TRICHLORESlNOL Embalming Fluid 143.0

HLZONE PRODUCTS HYBRENOL HLZONE PRODUCTS NASCO F L U 5 (HARD) HLZONE PRODUCTS NASCO FLUID (MEDIUM) I

HEONE PRODUCTS HEONE PRODUCTS HEONE PRODUCTS

Formaldehvde I Methanol I Pbcaol I I

PENARC F L U 5 Embalming Fluid 141.0 Formaldehyde Methand YrrAL FLUlD-HI COLOR Embalming Fluid 141.0 Fomaldchyde M&ol VITAL FLUID-REGULAR Embalming Fluid 141.0 Formalddvde Methaad

FormalddJyde Mdbanol Formaldehyde Methanol Hampene &i"iurn

HYDROL CHEMICAL HYDROL CHEMCAL HYDROL CHEMCAL

Formaldehyde I Methanol I Pburol I I Formaldehyde I Methanol IPburol

BIOSOL Arterial Embalming Fluid 19 .0 Formaldehyde T ~ d d a m i a c DYNAMOL HYDRION ARTERIAL Art.ial Embalming Cbem. ;$;g$%& . ......... Formaldehyde Methanol

Arterial Embalming Cbem. 142.0 Formaldehyde Methanal Glycerine Butyl Wi t01 ' ;:#:$; .,............. . .. .

HLZONE PRODUCTS JFLAM-O-FLUID ARTERIAL I Arterial Embalming Fluid I 141.0 I Formaldehyde I Methanol HEONfi PRODUCTS I HEOIL FLUID Embalmin= Fluid I 141.0 IFormaldehvde /Mdbanol I I I HLZONE PRODUCTS I HEOIL FLUID-20 HI COLOR 1 Embalminp Fluid I 141.0 I Formaldehvde I Methand I I I I HLZONE PRODUCTS 1 HLZOIL FLUID-20 REGULAR I Embdminp Fluid I 141.0

I HEONE PRODUCTS I NASCO FLUBXSPE. HARD) Formafddvde I Methanol I 1 I

Cfdom form

NATIONAL FUNERAL DLRECTORS ASSOCLAT7ON

TYPE / USE

Arterial EmbalminE Cbm.

(Revised 7/25/95)

FLASH POINT CHEMICAL #'I CHEMICAL #2 CHEMICAL #3 CHEMICAL #4

PI 150.0 Formaldehvde Mdan01

MASTER LIST : MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS

HYDROL CHEMICAL HYDROL CHEMICAL

I I

R X 4 SATUROL

1 MANUFACTURER

Arterial Embalming Cbem. Arterial Embalming Cbcm. A r t e d Embalming Cbem. Embalming Fluid Embalming Fluid

PRODUCT NAME

. ..... ......., , ,.....,....... , . , . . , , . . , . s i i i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ . ..: '... Formaldehyde Mccbsoal

150.0 Formaldehyde Mctbaod 145.0 Formaldehyde Mdanol 185.0 Formaldehyde Mdanol 185.0 Formaldehvde M d ~ o l

ROYAL BOND, INC. ROYAL. BOND, LNC. ROYAL BOND, LNC. ROYAL, BOND, INC. ROYAL. BOND, LNC. ROYAL BOND, INC.

I H Y D R O L CHEMICAL I ULTRAGLO

ANATOMKCAL FLUID ArtcriaJ Embalm. Cbem. 190.0 Formaldehyde M d a n d COSMAFLO ARTERIAL FLUD -rial Embalm. Cbem. 152.0 Formaldchyde Mdanol DELICATE I8 ARTER.FL.UID Artcrisl Embalm. C k m . 144.0 Foddehyde Methand DELICATE 25 ARTER. f i U W Arterial Embalm. Chem. 144.0 Formaldcbyde Mdanol HARD ARTERIAL mum Arterial Embalm. Cbem. 144.0 Formaldehyde Mctbanol

HWOTONE ARTER. nULD Arterial Embalm. Cbem. €$A% Formaldehyde Mdaaol

I HYDROL CHEMICAL I VELVA-GLO KELCO SUPPLY co. I B I S T A T 20 KELCO SUPPLY co. KELCO SUPPLY co. IKELARTISOL

I BISTAT 25

IKELCO SUPPLY CO. I K 2 Z . F . .

I PIERCE CHIMCALS I FASTEX

Embalminp Fluid I 185.0 I Formaldchvde I M d a n d I I Embalming Fluid 185.0 Formaldehyde Mdibaod Embalming Fluid 185.0 Formaldehyde Mdanol Embalming Fluid 185.0 Formaldehyde M ~ t h ~ a l Embalming Fluid 185.0 Formaldehvde M d ~ a l Embalming Fluid I 185.0 I Formaldehvde I Mctbsad 1 I

Arter. Embalm. Emulsion I Formaldehyde I M d a n d I

CHEMICAL #5 4

THE CHAMPION CO. THE CHAMPION CO. THE CHAMPION CO. THE CHAMPION CO.

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCLQ TION MASTER LIST : MAT= SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS

ADLBALM Arterial Embalming Fluid 200.0 Formaldehyde Methand ADIGLO Arterial Embalming Fluid 200.0 Formaldehyde Methanol ADiTONE Arterial Embalming Fluid 200.0 Formaldehyde Methaad CHAMPION HI-FORM Artwial Embalminp Fluid 163.0 Formaldehyde Methad

MANUFACTURER

:

PRODUCT NAME

THE CHAMPION CO. HPX Arterial Embalming Fluid 181.0 Formaldehyde Methaad Glu&uald&yde

ROYAL BOND, INC. ROYAL BOND, lNC. JA UNDAFLO ROYAL BOND, KNC.

HWC HARD WATER COSMAFLO

LANOFLO ARTERIAL FL UID

,

FLASH

(F)

TYPE / USE POINT CHEMICAL #l CHEMICAL Rz CHEMICAL #3

Arterial Embalm. Chem. 152.0 Formaldehyde Mdhaool IArterial Embalm. Chem. 146.0 Formaldeh yde Methanol

THE CHAMPION CO. THE CHAMPION CO.

1 Arterial Embalm. Chem. I 152.0 I Formaldehyde 1 Methaad I

JAUN-DIAL &rial Fluid, Jaundice 160.0 Formaldehyde Methanal Glutaraldehyde JUANDEXTONE Embalming Cosm., Jaundice 194.0 Formaldehyde Methaad - ~~ __ -~ ~~ ~~ ~~~ _ _ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~

THE CHAMPION CO. PK Artenial Embalming Fluid 200.0 Formaldehyde M&d Glu&ualdehyde THE CHAMPION CO. PLX Arterial Embalming Fluid 200.0 Formaldehyde Methanvl Glutaraldehyde THE CHAMPION CO. SPECIAWST &rial Embalming Huid 180.0 Formald&yde Methaad

I THE CHAMPION co. ICHAMPION NEO-FORM I Arterial Embalmian Fluid I J63.0 I Formalddwde \ M e t h ~ d I

THE CHAMPION CO. I TNX [Artrrial Embalming Fluid

031 CAVTTYFL.ULD/CHEIW%ALS :

I THE CHAMPION co. I FAX ARTERIAL l h r i a l Embalminn Fluid I 163.0 IFormaldehvdc IM&d I Glu&ualdchvdc

180.0 Formaldehyde M e t h ~ d Glutamldchyde

I THE CHAMPION co. IGLO-TONE I Arterial Embafmiae Fluid I 20.0 I Formaldehvde I Metband I

BONDOL LABS, lNC. BONDOLLM YC.

I THE CHAMPION co. I HI-TONE I Arbcrial Embalminn Fluid I 185.0 I Formaldehvde I Methanol I

Metbaool 1 GIANT Cavity Embalming Fluid Formalin OMEGA Cavity Embalming Fluid Formalin Metban01

(Rcvissd 7”s)

I CHEMICAL #4 I CHEMICAL. #5

I THE CHAMPION CO. I MOTOBALM !&rial Embalminx Fluid I 195.0 lFormaldehyde I M e t h ~ d I I I I THE CHAMPION co. IMOTOTONE I Arterial Embalminz Fluid I 195.0 lFormaldclrvda hfetband I I I

I THE CHAMPION co. I TISSUE-FORM I Arterial EmbalminE Fluid I 180.0 I Formaldebvde I Mctiraod I I I

I BONDOL LABS. mc. I B ~ Z (Cav;tY EmbslminE Fluid I \Formalin I Methanol I 1 1 ’

FLASH

0 TYPE 1 USE POINT CHEMICAL #l CHEMICAL #2 CHEMICAL #3

Cavity Embalming Fluid Formalh M e t h ~ d Pheuol Cavity Embalminir Chcm. 170.0 Formaldehvde Meth~o l

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIA TION

CHEMICAL #%

( R e v i d 7/25/95)

MANUFACTURER

MASTER LIST : MAT= SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS

PRODUCT NAME

I BONDOL LABS, INC. IOZAJX

I

DODGE CHEIW%AL IDE-CE-CO Cavity Embalming Chcm. Cavity CYem. Cavity Embalminir Chcm.

IDODGE CHEMICAL I D E - C E - C O NCC 183.0 Formaldehyde M e t h ~ o l

167.0 Formaldehvde Metliaaol

:.:.:.;.:.:<...' . ..... . (. ::;::::::::,$$#:$$ F ormddehyde Mdbaaol M A y I WcyIate DODGE CHEMICAL

DODGE CHEMICAL DRI-CAV LNTROFE

DODGE CHEMICAL ! M A F A ' I Cavitv Embalmini? Chcm. I 170.0 IFormaldehvdc I Methanol I I

DODGE CHEMICAL IEh4BAL.MERS' SUPPLY lCOMP0 CAVITY I Cavity Embalming Chem. I 168.0 I Formaldehvde I Methanol I Amomhous Silica I

Phcaol I

Phmol I Sulfooate Comple. I I

Pheuol I

I -gly. (alkyl DiMc. 1 M a ! b ~ c r y i ~ e u ~ I Codex __ Phwol Pheuol Pbmol I

CHEMICAL. #3 7

"0.Cl

ne G l v d

1

Formaldehyde Gylme Glywl Sod. Nib;atd+)** Borax ' GOLD SEAL SUPPLY GS-I CAVlTY Embalming Fluid M e t h ~ d HLZONE PRODUCTS HLZONE CA VlTY FLUID 141.0 Formaldehyde Methanol HLZONE PRODUCTS PETROFAX CAMTY n U I D 141.0 Formaldehyde Methanol HLZONE PRODUCTS PHAROS CAVITYFLCIID 141.0 Formaldehyde Methanal HLZONE PRODUCTS SANDOW CAVrrY FLU79 141.0 Formaldehyde M e t h ~ 0 1

MANUFACTURER

HYDROL CHEMICAL.

NATIONAL F W R A L DLRECTORS ASSOCIATION MASTER LIST : MATERML SAFETY DATA SIIEET CHI3kfICAL.S

FLASH PRODUCT NAME TYPE / USE POINT CHEMICAL f l CHEMICAL RZ CHEMICAL K3 CHEMICAL f i CHEMICAL #!5

(F) ............ 1 ..,.. ........._. ..,.. ..

Glutberddehvde Pbenol ..L i;;iiii:$m.fi .,I...., Form&&v& M&mol CAVICEL CavitV Embalmh~ Cbem.

(Revisad 7/25/951

I H YDROL CHEMICAL I THOROL I Cavjty Embalm& Cbcm. I 150.0 I Formaldehyde I M d m o l I Pbmol I I IKELCO SUPPLY co. I B I S T A T c I Embalmhi? Fluid I 185.0 IFormaldchvde bfetbaad I I I \KELCO SUPPLY CO. kEl..CAVEX I 185.0 lFormaldchvde ~Mcfbanol 1 1 I

PAtiE 9

r

FLASH MANUFACTURER PRODUCT NAME TYPE / USE POINT CHEMICAL #I CHEMICAL #2 CHEMICAL #3 CHEMICAL fl CHEMICAL 185

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSUCLA TION MASTER LIST : MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS

WLD SEAL SUPPLY HIZONE PRODUCTS HIZONE PRODUCTS

(Revised 7/25/95)

(F) VISA BALM CO-INJECTION Embalming Fh id 160.0 MdanoI HexyIem GIywI AQUAFLX %.Q Methanol HexyIGac GIycoI CA VOlL FLULD I4 I .O Formaldehyde Methanol i

HIZONE PRODUCTS HYDROL CHEMICAL. HYDROL CHEMICAL

I HIZONE PRODUCTS ISELCO DRAINAGE CHEIU. I I I M ~ ~ O I I I I I SUNTAN BLEN. COSM. DYE Suo& Embalming Chcm. 96.# M e t h ~ d 84 Prcco Injection Chemical IN.0 Formaldehyde Methanol DictbanoIamiue HYDROLAN OIL Co-inkction Cbemicai 218.0 PropyIu~c GIywI h b d AWS

THE CHAMPION co. THE CHAMPION CO. THE CHAMPION CO. THE CHAMPION CO.

I H YDROL CHEMICAL I HYDROSOL ~i?rc-iniactiOa Cbemical I ISa.0 I Formaldcbvde I MdmoI I I I

COLORO mwm coloring Arterial Fluids DI-SAN Acuxmwy Embalming Fluid 158.0 GLUTOL SOLUTION Accwsory Embalming Chcm. 185.0 HUMITONE SuDDIcmcatal Embalm. FIuid 208.0

HYDROL CHEMICAL I H Y D R O T O N E ~Pre-iniactioa Chemical I

Dry Color Rcd C

Isor"o1 Isopmpsod

Sodium Edetsrc:

PbGao1 Formaldehyde

Formaldcbyde GIyccrinc GIyoxal

Fomaldcbvdc IM&WOI I I I

PIERCE CHEMICALS COSMO DYE Artcr. EmbIam. EmdsiOa 140.0 PIERCE CHEMTCALS NATURAL DYE Color Concmtmte 140.0 PIERCE CHEMICALS ONE POINT Aomasary Embalm. Chcm. PIERCE CHEMCALS VlTAHUE DYE Acceswrv Embalm. Chem. 140.0 I

I I I I

I THE CHAMPION CO. I CELL CONDl7"ONER I Accesdorv Embalming Fluid I 185.0 I Formaldcbvdc I Me&" I I I h a r a a t b GIutaraldehyde G1u W d e h y d e GIuWdcbvde I I I M&anoI

NATIONAL. FUNERAL DIRECTORS A S S X U TION MASTER LIST : MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS

EMBALMERS ' SUPPLY FORJEY Prtserviog Jdly I 76.0 Formaldehyde Metbaod EMBALMERS' SUPPLY GRANU. HARDEXVRVG COJUPD. Embalm./Pmservatjm Compd pFormaldehyde Bultoic Acid Vermiculite EMBALMERS' SUPPLY NU-LECO Embalming Materiel 142.0 Formaldehyde Ma%" Pbcnol/Formaldcbj de Condcnsatm EMBALMERS' SUPPLY NU-LECO JELLY PrcscffiDg 3 d y I4 I . 0 Formaldehyde Mctband Amoqhous Silh PbcnoI/Formaldchj de Condcomtcs E M B m s SUPPLY POsrrNE POWDER Embalm.dhscrving Powdcr pFonnddehyde p D i c h l o " n Attapulgik EMBALMERS' SUPPLY PWLVER. HARDENLNG PRDT Embalm./Pmming Powder pForddehyde PI& of Pa&

EMBAL.MERS' SUPPL Y QUAD Embalm./Pnecrviog Powdcr p-Formaldcbyde Plaster of Paria Attapulgite

EMBALhERS' SUPPLY SAN ODORANT K W D E R Embalm.P"ing Powder pFormddel?ydc Zinc Peroxide EMBALMERS * SUPPLY SAN YELNO GEL. Embalming Supplement Formaldehyde I , I , 1 Triclyoroatbaac Camphor carbon Dioxide EMBALMERS' SUPPLY SAN YEIN0 LJQUID Embalming Supplemat Formaldehyde I , I , I T r i c h l o ~ a n c Camphor Carbon Dioxide

(Revised 7/25#5)

FLASH MANUFACTURER PRODUCT NAME 7 YPE / USE POINT CHEMICAL #l CHEMICAL Rz CHEMICAL. #3 CHEMICAL #I

0 W L D CREST CHEM. CA VlTY FKLER Embalming Powder 158.0 pFormddehyde WW CREST CHEM. HARDENING COMPD. REG. Embalming Powder pFormafdehydc Plaster of Pan3 Attqpulgite

W L D CREST CHEM. HEXAPHENE POWDER Embalming Powder pFormddehydc Plaster of Paris p-Dichorobcozure '

NATIONAL FUNERAL, DIRECTORS ASSOClATION MASTER LIST : MATERlAL SAFETY DATA SIIEET CHEMICALS

CHEMICAL #5

(Revised 7EFB5)

rAGk I L

NAIITIONAL FUNERAL DWCTORS ASSOCIA IITION MASTm LIST : MATERlAL SAFETYDATA SHEET CHEMICALS

MANUFACTURER PRODUCT NAME TYPE / USE

NATIONAL FuNERkL DLRECTORS ASSOCIATION MASTER LIST : MATERLQL SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMI%ALs

(Revisd 7/25/95)


r A G E 14

D O W E CHEMICAL DODGE C H W C A L DODGE CHEMICAL EMBALMERS'SUPPLY EMBALMERS' SUPPLY

NATION& FUNERQL DlREcToRS ASSOCLA TION MASTER LIST : MATERLQL SAFETY DATA SHEET CIEEMICALS

DRY WASH Sundry Chemical I , 1'1 T n c h l o ~ b $ e FEATURE BULLDWUSOLVENT S u n c i ~ ~ Chemical MCtb~ol PERhfA-SEEL Solvent A&eaivc solvcot MCtbylme Chloridl DRUG& STALNREMOVER Embalming Sudemlcot 192.0 DiCtbyllcoc G l y d I Dimdbyl Suubxidq DR Y SHAMploo Embdmiag Supplement l ,l ,l Tncbonxtbde 1

I

(Revised 7/25/93

IHZZONE PRODUCTS I TISSUZJTLLER SOLVENT

FLASH I 1 I I I

W L D CREST CHEM. W L D CREST CHEM. ww SEAL SUPPLY

I MANUFACTURER I

SOLVENT & CLEANER lWINNER & SOLVENT nssm BULDER CLEANER

TYPE / USE I PWINT I CHEMICAL #I I CHEMICAL RZI CHEMICAL # I CHEMICAL #4 I CHEMICAL #f I I PRODUCT NAME

(F3 SOLVENTS= IDOWE CHEMICAL IARON ALPHA SOLVENT Isdvent I 136.0 1N.N Dimctfrvubrmhmidc I I I

EMBAIAERS' SUPPLY I GEN PURPOSE THIN./SOL VT ~ ~

EMBALMERS' SUPPLY JSOLVT/CLNER TISSUEF.uLER Eh"w PLY I WAX SOLVENT FRIGID FLUlD CO. IFEATUREBUIWER SOLVENT FRIGID FLUID CO. ]HAIR CLEANER WLD CREST C H m . I BB-58 SOL VENT & CLEANER

I ~~

GOLD CREST CHEM. / H A I R CLEANER

I I I

NATIONAL, FUNERQL DLRECTORS ASSOCIATION MASTER LIST : MATERIAL S m T Y DATA SHEET CHEMICACS

(Revised 7/25/95)


__

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCLQTION MASTER LIST : MATERLQL SAFETY DATA SHEET CmICAL.S

( R c v i d 7/25/95)

MANUFACTURER PRODUCT NAME TYPE 1 USE

THE CHAMPION CO. ALCARE Degcrmcr W M O l I I THE C H W I O N CO. CHAMPIONCIDE Germ'cidaf W r g m t AlkyIdiMEacnzyla mmo. C1 Didecyl-diME mdo. CI, DktyI-D&c-Ammo-Cf

',:.:.:'::- $$$$gpf$ c*p* cim 03 ~ THE CHAMPION CO. CiTRUS ll Air FrcgfiaerAhdorizcr .;.; .,.,...,... :._, , , b:.;..:.: , THE CHAMPION CO. I CRISINE SOLUTION I EmbaIm.SanitizinE wI'n I 185.0 tMethaa0l I Phmd ( Crceol

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCLATION MASTER LIST : MATERIAL SAFETY DATA S m E T CHEMICALS

I THE CHAMPION co. IROCADYNE 1DW-t I I Phwclbozic Acid I I&c I I I

( R e v i d 7L595)

ROYAL BOND, INC. ROYAL BOND, mc.


Air Fdncr/Daodorizer

MORTICIDE LNSECTICIDE Syoergitad 4Tet6n.aa MethyIme ChloridJ Isobutsac/Propaac .BIad STERlLE DISINFECTANT Sundry Embalming Chcm. d i ~ ~ benzyllmma.CI

EMBALMERS' SUPPLY EMBALMERS 'PPLY

LIQUlD MASK Embalming SuppIemmt 1,1,1 Tficblonn#ane 1 SPRA Y-O-TLNT Embdmiug Cosmetic ' MCtbda01 carboa Dioxide

1 THE CHAMPION CO. I SEPTI-CLEAN I Depcrmcr I I W M O I I I I I

NATIONAL FUNERAL DLRECTORS ASSOCUTION MASTER LIST : MATERIAL. SAFETY DATA SHEET C m I C A L S

THE CHAMPION CO. THE CHAMPION CO.

(Revisal 7/25/93

MASKING SPRAY PAIlvTS Masking COsmdidEmbalm. TriC6OdM15 TANTONE POWDER Coloring Arterial nuids D&C Brown BriZlimtScurI& Amaranth

I 1

KELCO SUPPLY CO. W C O SUPP' 70.

CHEMICAL #I CHEMICAL #2 CHEMICAL #3 CHEMICAL #4 CHEMICAL ,#!5 1 MANUFACTURER 1 PRODUCTNAME 1 TYPE/USE I I I

DLNE-AGLO SAFETY LAMP hyohcarboo M I m p I 210.0 Hydmbeatal~4'urmdistiuatc KEL-TISSU-FZL (+ +) Skiu Toam ' H.0 M d h ~ 0 1 Mdhoxyctbsnd Nitrocellulose sd

I

Io MISC~ANE0USEIc.IBALMLNG SUPPLEMENT C H E M C . :

KELCO SUPPLY CO. I CHEMSORB IPowdend Abaorbaot I Ich-Nu Borcdkatel I calcium CM0n.k I KELCO SUPPLY eo. IDE-ICE I a c i u m c~oride &eta I

NATIONU FUNERAL. DIRECTORS ASSOCI;Ajl"lON MASTER LIST : MAT= SAFETY DATA SHEET CHEMICALS

(Revisad 7/25/5)


= l&nitablc Material; Flash Point < 140.0 Dcg. F (+ +) = Iotcrnal muwndic, not io coatact with water and not discharged to sewer.

I . ...- '\?IF

ATTACHMENT-B

INDIVIDUAL FUNERAL HOME SAMPLING DATA

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS MSOCmnON Wastewater Sampling Data

TABLE 1

FOTAL (EMBALMING +SANITARY) DISCHARGE DAILY AVERAGE cx3NcEKIRATIONS]

PPGE 2

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Wastewater Sampling Data

TABLE f

[TOTAL (EMBALMING +SANITARY) DISCHARGE DAILY AVERAGE CONCENIRATIONS]

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCtATION Wastewater Sampiing Data

TABLE 1

FOTAL (EMBALMING + SANITARY) DISCHARGE DAILY AVERAGE CUKENTFtAnCNS]

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Waszewam sampling Data

TABLE 1

FOTAL (EMBALMING + SANITARY) DISCHARGE DAILY AVERAGE CONCEKCRATlONSj

NOTE : Anawl methods iisted a h refet to the USEPA methods. Oaily awrage values wece calculated hwn sepantte sanitary and arnbalming flow V d u m and concentrations. J = €&mated value a d o r ancentration lesa Man detection l i B=Compound h n d in method blank as well as sample. ND = Compound not deeded. T = Total NA = Compound not analyzed. (7 Sample analyzed past allowable horcring time.

H LORMILLETS

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Wastewater Sampling Data

TABLE 2(A)

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Wastewater Samphg Data

TABLE 2(A)


TABLE 2(A) Wastewater Sampling Data

Note: Analytical methods listed above refer to the USEPA methods. J = Estimated value andor concentration less than detection limit. 8 = Compound found in method blank as well as sample. ND = Compound not detected. r) = Sample analyzed past allowable holding time. -

Fys: LOfUyrABLElAB

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Wasfewaler Sampllng Data

TABLE 2(B)

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Wasiewafef SampIng Data

TABLE 2(B)

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Wastewater Sampilng Data

TABLE 2(B)

PAOE 4

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Wastewater Sampllng Data

TABLE 2(B)

NATIONAL FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION Waslewaler Sampllng Data

TABLE 2(B)

NOTE: Analytical methods listed above refer to the USEPA methods. Less than values (<5,<10,400) mean compounds were not detected within Method Detection Limits, J = Concentration less than detect i i limit; values estimated. B = Compound found in method blank a5 well as sample. E = Estimated Concentration. r) = Sample analyzed past allowable holding time.

ATTACHMENT-C

BACKGROUND ON EMBALMING


Wastestream Audit

Background on Embalming

Definition of Embalming Process

Embalming is the process of chemically treating human remains to reduce the presence and retard

the growth of microorganisms, retard decomposition and restore the remains to a physically

acceptable "pre-death" appearance. Embalming consists of two distinct processes: arterial and

cavity embalming.

Arterial embalming is the injection of preservatives through the arterial and venous systems. The

solution eventually enters the capillaries and tissue spaces. Once contact has been made with the

body's cells, proteins are denatured and thus preserved.

Many abdominal and thoracic organs are hollow and arterial injection does not reach and preserve

the contents of these organs. A strong, concentrated embalming fluid (cavity fluid) is introduced into

each of the hollow organs and cavities through the use of a trocar (a long needlelike instrument) to

achieve proper preservation of their contents. This process is cavity embalming.

The introduction of embalming chemicals into human remains changes the protein structure, allowing

delay in final disposition to facilitate viewing and other funeral or religious rites.

Common Embalming Sequence

The following tasks generally comprise the embalming sequence:

(1) The remains are placed on the embalming table and removed from post mortem

wrappings. Clothing, personal effects and valuables are removed.

1

(2) The entire body, including orifices, is topographically disinfected with chemicals

appropriate to the task or diluted arterial fluid (concentrated embalming fluid mixed with

water).

(3) If facial hair is present, it is removed by shaving. The entire body, including the hair, is

washed with a solution of germicidal soap.

(4) Rigor mortis is relieved by flexing the limbs through the application of massage and

manipulation. The remains are straightened and placed in a relaxed, "sleeplike"

position with the head elevated above the chest. The anns may be placed at the

decedent's side or folded on the abdomen. The mouth and eyes are dosed.

(5) On a case by case basis, the embalmer selects the appropriate vessel for initial

' injection for the preservative fluid and drainage of blood. An artery and vein are

selected and raised (elevated for use in the embalming procedure).

(6) The embafmer determines the appropriate selection, mixture and dilution of embalming

chemical to be injected. Preservative fluid(s) are diluted with water in the embalming

machine, in an average quantity of one to four gallons total dilute mixture.

(7) An electric embalming machine injects the dilute chemical solution into the raised artery

through the use of varying rates of pressure, forcing blood to drain out of the accompanying

raised vein. The embalmer analyses of ffuid distribution throughout all areas of the deceased

to ensure proper distribution and preservation. Secondary and subsequent ppints of injection

and drainage may be made should areas require additional injection and presewation. When

the embalmer is comfortable with the level and quality of preservation, the injection process

is concluded. Total elapsed time is one to two hours.

(8) Injection tubes are removed, and the areas of injection are dried and tightly sealed with

absorption chemicals and/or adhesive chemicals and sutured.

(9) Following injection, the trocar is introduced into the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The

. cavities are pierced by the trocar and any remaining pooled body fluid, blood and gases are

removed by a hydro or electric vacuum device. This process is called aspiration.

2

(10) When the cavities have been aspirated for approximately ten minutes, both the thoracic and

abdominal cavities receive a treatment of undiluted preservative fluid (Cavity fluid) injected

through the trocar by gravity.

(1 1) Any remaining surgical devices (e.g., intravenous tubes), wounds or openings are sutured

with ligature and sealed. The body is washed for the second and final time, hair is

shampooed and dried and the remains are covered with a sheet or towel.

(12) The instruments and room are cleaned and disinfected, and waste is properly disposed as

medical waste or via other appropriate methods.

3

ATTACHMENT-D

SAMPLING FIELD NOTES

NATIONAL FUNEML DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION

Wastestream Audit

Sampling Field Notes

SAMPLING EVENT A

The following information was collected by John Scheri and Kevin Haney of Killam Associates during

sampling of the wastewater discharged from sampling event A:

1) Sampling event

2 ) Sampling d8fe

3) fwYtype 4) Appmx. body weight

5 ) Embalming sfarted

Embalming completed

6 ) Embalming chemical used :

7) Wastewater generated

A

August 5,1992

Female body

130 Ibs.

10:50 am 12:05 pm

EPIC Arterial (ESC0)IIG oz. in 2 gallons

DRICAV (Dodge)/cavity fluid - 16 oz

32 gallons

SAMPLING EVENT B

The following information was collected by John Scheri and Kevin Haney of Killam Associates during

sampling of the wastewater discharged from sampling event B :

1) Sampling event B

2) Sampling date March 18, 1993

3) Bodytype Female body

4) Appmx. body weigM 100 ibs.

5 ) Embalming started 6:36 pm

Embalming completed 8:19 pm

6) Embalming chemical used : Lenobase Bistat 23

lntrofiant DC (Dodge)

B&G Std. Cavity Fluid

118 gallons 7) Wastewater generated

1

SAMPLING EVENTS C, D-1, P Z AND E

The following embalmings performed for the National Funeral Directors Association (NFDA)

Wastestream Audit were witnessed by a licensed New Jersey funeral director who maintains no

affiliation with any individual funeral home.

The embalmings were randomly selected and should be considered representative of a routine

embalming. Autopsied and non-autopsied remains were selected for the sampling process.

In monitoring the embalmings represented in this report, it should be noted that the variations in

embalming technique and practices are limited. The embalmers utilized standard embalming

practices and procedures taught at all embalming schools in the United States.

The funeral director observing the embalmings and collection of samples has been embalming for

over sixteen years and has embalmed approximatety 4,000 cases. At no time did the funeral director

observing the embalmings influence or alter the practices and protocol of the licensed funeral

director performing the embalming during the sampling process. The purpose of the observer was

to witness, monitor and record all aspects of each embalming.

SAMPLING EVENT C

Sampling event C

Sampling date: August 31, 1993.

Description of remains:

The deceased was an 82 year old female, weighing approximately 105 Ibs. The cause of death was recorded as Cardiorespiratory Failure, Right Lung Failure, Renal Failure.

The remains were emaciated, with some minor skin slip. Skin slip is the superficial peeling away of the outer layer of skin, which results in the exposure of deeper layers of skin. This occurs when the deeper layers of skin undergo autolysis, a form of decomposition.

The embalmer: -

The embalmer has been licensed since 1979.

2

Pmembalming prvcedures:

The remains were received in a plastic shroud. A minor amount of blood and body fluid was present and disposed of via the sewer. No topographical disinfectant was applied. The deceased's hair was washed with Faberge Organics shampoo. The body was then washed with Royal Bond Antiseptic Soap. The face was shaved Colgate lanolin shaving creme. The orifices were disinfected with a dilute arterial solution, and Vaseline petroleum jelly was applied to the deceased's lips.

Embalming procedures:

The right common carotid artery and right jugular vein were selected for injection and raised. A Porta-Boy PE-11 embalming machine was utilized, and no pre-injection was performed. Pre- injection is the injection of fluids that assist in blood removal and prepare the tissue for the preservative solution, prior to the injection of the preservative fluids.

The first injection of preservative chemical comprised of: 16 oz. of Pierce Silktex and 16 02. of Pierce Cosmaflo dilute in 1.5 gallons of water,

The second injection of preservative comprised of: 9 02. of Pierce Lanoflo and 9 oz. of Pierce Silktex dilute in 1.5 gallons of water.

Royal Bond Antiseptic Soap was used to massage. The remains were aspirated at the conclusion of the injection for approximately 10 minutes. The cavtty injection comprised of 16 oz. of Pierce Odorless Cavity.

Posf-embalming pmcedums:

Incisions were closed utilizing Royal Bond Tite and suture. No exterior adhesive or cauterant was utilized. The remains were thoroughly washed with Royal Bond antiseptic soap.

At the conclusion of the embalming process, approximately 10 02. of dilute chemical was disposed of via the sewer. The embalming machine was rinsed with water, and the dilute chemical was disposed of via the sewer. The table was cleaned with water and AJAX"cleanser. The instruments were cleaned with Royal Bond antiseptic soap. The sink was cleaned with Royal Bond antiseptic soap. All remnants of water and soap were then disposed of via the sewer. Minimal domestic water use may have occurred during the preparation.

SAMPLING EVENT D-1

Sampling event: 0-1

Sampling date: December 6, 1993.

Description of remains: -

The individual was a 91 year old emaciated female weighing approximately 90 Ibs. The cause of death was recorded as Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach.

The embalmer


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Pre-embalming procedures:

The remains were received in a cloth sheet. No blood or body fluid was present- A topographical disinfectant of I-Chem Laboratoy Broad Spec 128 Germicidal Detergent was applied. The hair and remains were not washed prior to embalming, nor was the face shaven. 'The orifices were disinfected with I-Chem Laboratory Broad Spec 128 Germicidal ktergent.


The right and left femoral arteries were selected for injection and raised. A sawyer electric embalming machine was utilized. The pre-injection fluid comprised of: 32 oz. Pierce/Royal Bond One Point.

The injection comprised of: 48 oz. Pierce/Royal Bond Rejuvatone; 1 oz. PiercdRoyal Bond Blendor; and 16 02. Pierce/Royal Bond XCEL dilute in 2.5 gallons of water.

PiercelRoyal Bond Pro-Tex-UPlus Soap was used for massage. The remains were aspirated at the conclusion of the injection process for approximately 10 minutes. The cavity injection comprised of: 32 oz. Pierce/Royal Bond Pentron Cavity.

Post-embalming procedures:

The incisions were closed utilizing Pierce/Royal Bond Pierceal and suture. No exterior adhesive or cauterant was utilized. The remains were thoroughly washed with Pierce/Royal Bond Pro-Tex-U- Plus. At the conclusion of the preparation massage creme was applied to the hands and face.

Approximately 2 oz. of dilute chemical was disposed of via the sewer. The embalming machine was not rinsed with water. The table was cleaned with water and Airkem Professional Products Spritz.

All instruments were cleaned with Pierce/Royal Bond Pro-Tex-U-Plus. The sink was cleaned with Dodge Germicidal Soap. All remnants of water and soap were disposed of via the sewer.

Minimal domestic water use may have occurred during the preparation.

SAMPLING EVENT D-2

Sampling event D-2

Sampling date: December 6 , 1993.


The individual was an 89 year old male, weighing approximately 175 Ibs. The cause of was recorded as Cardiorespiratory Failure, Right Lung Failure, Renal Failure.

The condition of the remains was average.

The embalmer.


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Pre-embeiming procedures:

The remains were received in a cloth sheet within a plastic shroud. NO blood or body fluid was present. A topographical disinfectant of I-Chem Laboratory Broad Spec 128 Germicidal Detergent was applied. The hair and body were not washed prior to injection. The deceased's face was shaved with Gillette Foamy shave creme. All orifices wxe disinfected with I-Chem Laboratory Broad Spec 128 Germicidal Detergent.


The right and left common carotid arteries, right and left axillary arteries and right and left femora1 arteries were selected for injection and raised due to complications with coagulation of blood. A Sawyer embalming machine was utilized.

The &+injection comprised of: 16 oz. PiercelRoyal Bond One Point. Co-injection fluids are added to the preservative fluid when certain conditions are present. They Will assist in penetration of tissue, bleach discolored skin, control problems with gas ocwning from decomposition, enhance the drying of skin, and increase the preservative and germicidal qualities of the embalming chemical. Due to clotting difficulties an anticoagulant was the co-injection utilized.

The injection comprised of: 16 oz. PiercelRoyal Bond Powertone 36 dilute in 2.5 gallons of water.

The remains were aspirated approximately 5 minutes prior to the conclusion of preparation and for approximately 10 minutes after injection.

The cavity injection comprised of: 32 oz. Pierce/Royal Bond Pentron Cavity.


The incisions were closed utilizing Pierce/Royal Bond Pierceal and suture. No exterior adhesive or cauterant was utilized. The remains were thoroughly washed with PiercelRoyal Bond Pro-Tex-U- Plus. Massage Creme was applied to the hands and face.

Approximately 2 oz. of dilute chemical was disposed of via the sewer. The embalming machine was not rinsed with water. The table was cleaned with water and Airkem Professional Products Spritz. The instruments were cleaned with Pierce/Royal Bond Pro-Tex-U-Plus. All remnants of water and soap were disposed of via sewer.

Due to public visitations and numerous funeral arrangements occurring during this preparation, significant domestic water use may have occurred.

Sampiing event: E

Sampling date: March 16, 1994


SAMPLING EVENT E

The individual was a 69 year old corpulent male, weighing approximately 240 Ibs. The cause of death was recorded as a Hemothora, Lacerated Heart, and the remains were autopsied.

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The embalmer:


Pre-embalming procedures:

The remains were received in a vinyl pouch. The blood and body fluid present was disposed of via medical waste. A topographical disinfectant of Dodge Dispray was applied. The deceased's hair and body were not washed prior to injection. His face was shaved with William's Shaving Soap. The orifices were not disinfected. Dodge ZipLip was used to assist in closing the mouth.

Embalming procedums:

The right and left common carotid arteries, right and left axillary arteries and right and left femoral arteries were raised. A Duotronic embalming machine was utilized. There was no pre-injection. The injection comprised of: 8 oz. Frigid Freeflo; - 2 oz. Frigid Rose dye; 16 oz. Frigid Naturaltone; 16 oz. Frigid Flo Tone; and 9 oz. Pierce Silktex dilute in 3 gallons of water.

Dodge Germicidal Soap was used for massage. Cavity aspiration occurred continuously for approximately 45 minutes.

The cavity treatment comprised of the following powders: Frigid VisoCav; Frigid Autopsy Compound; and Hizone Paulex Powder.


The incisions were closed utilizing Hizone Paulex powder and suture. No exterior adhesive or cauterant was utilized. The remains were thoroughly washed with Dodge Germicidal soap. Frigid Lanol Care was applied to the hands and face.

Approximately 2 oz. of dilute chemical was disposed of via sewer. The embalming machine was nnsed with water. The table was cleaned with water and Dodge Germicidal Soap. All instruments were cleaned with Dodge Disinfectant Sterilizer. The sink was cleaned with Dodge Germicidal Soap. All remnants of water and soap were disposed of via the sewer.

Due to the location of living quarters within this facility, normal domestic water use may have occurred during and after this preparation (e.g., cooking, bathing, dishwashing).

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ATTACHMENT-E

NFDA WASTE MlNlhllZATION RECOMMENDATIONS


Wastestream Audit

Waste Minimization Recomm en da fions

RECOMM€NDATION f: Any residue remaining within the arterial fluid bottle should be rinsed with

water and the rinse poured into the embalming machine. This simple practice will prevent

concentrate fluid from reaching the wastewater treatment plant.

RECOMM€NDATION 2: Store excess diluted chemicals for future use or mix only one-hatf to one

gallon of solution at a time.

RECOMMENDATION 3: The re-aspiration process should be reserved only for those problem

cases and cavrty fluid, once introduced, should remain within the deceased.

RECOMMENDATION 4: Never dispose of solvents or chlorinated compounds via the sink. Should

such chemicals need to be disposed of in any quantity, the chemical supplier should be Luritacted.

RECOMMENDATION 5: Limit the amount and type of detergents, soaps, shampoos, shaving

cremes and disinfectants utilized. A broad spectrum anti microp’ial, anti viral, antibacterial,

germicidal soap should work well as a shampoo, shaving creme, deodorizer and cleaner in one.

RECOMMENDA77ON 6: Avoid any type of chemical pre-treatment. The water treatment facilities

that serve communities around the country were engineered and designed to disinfect untreated

waste similar to that leaving the embalming room, comprised primarily of biodegradable, organic

material. Additional chemicals added to the sewer system will only complicate the process.

(Revised 1 1 /I 0/95)

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