pjm©2009 council of state government’s 50 th annual meeting ev infrastructure ken huber pjm...

PJM©2009www.pjm.com

Council of State Government’s 50th Annual Meeting EV Infrastructure

Ken Huber

PJM

Senior Technology & Education Principal

August 16, 2010

PJM©20092

PJM as Part of the Eastern Interconnection

KEY STATISTICSPJM member companies 600Millions of people served 51Peak load in megawatts 144,644MWs of generating capacity 164,905 Miles of transmission lines 56,250GWh of annual energy 729,000Generation sources 1,310Square miles of territory 164,260Area served 13 states + DCInternal/external tie lines 250

19% of U.S. GDP produced in PJM

PJM©20093

PJM’s Role in the Smarter (Robust) Grid

Generation

Distribution

Smart Metering, Demand Response, PHEV, Energy Conservation and Distributed Resources

Smart Metering, Demand Response, PHEV, Energy Conservation and Distributed Resources

SCADA and Phasor MeasurementsSCADA and Phasor Measurements

Energy StorageEnergy Storage

ISO/RTO

Two-Way Communication and Control

Substation AutomationSubstation Automation

Customer

Transmission & Sub-transmission

A smart grid is the electricity delivery system (from point of generation to point of consumption) integrated with communications and information technologyfor enhanced grid operations, customer services, and environmental benefits*

*DOE: Funding for Smart Grid Activities presentation

PJM©20094

Smart Grid Coordination

IRC PEVWorking

Group

IRC Smart GridWorking

Group

ProtocolsPayloads

FERC

Actors

Storage PAP 7Analysis

PAP 11

PJM©20095

PJM Load and Wind Resources

PJM©20097


PJM-RTO

PJM©20098


ComEd

PJM-RTO

PJM©20099

Wind Generation in PJM - Operational and Proposed

www.pjm.com

PJM©200910

Grid Storage Types and Availability

www.pjm.com

Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Flywheels

Stationary Battery Mobile Batteries Water Heaters

PJM©200911

Mid-Atlantic Grid Interactive Car Consortium V2G Demonstration Project

• Mid-Atlantic Grid Interactive Car Consortium (MAGICC)

• Over 2 years experience with the MAGICC battery electric vehicle responding to the PJM market signals

10

PJM©200912

PHEVs: The Momentum Builds

www.pjm.com

1902 Lohner-Porsche PHEV

2009 BWM MINI E

Battery Electric Vehicles2010 Coda Automotive Sedan2010 Mitsubishi iMiEV BEV2010 Nissan LEAF2010 Ford Battery Electric Van2010 Tesla Roadster Sport EV2011 Peugeot Urban EV*2011 Renault Kangoo Z.E. 2011 Renault Fluence Z.E.2011 Tesla Model S2011 BYD e6 Electric Vehicle2011 Ford Battery Electric Small Car 2011 Opel Ampera Extended Range BEV*2012 Fiat 500 minicar

3/31/2010

Battery Electric Vehicles2012 Renault City Car* 2012 Renault Urban EV*2012 Audi e-tron 2013 Volkswagen E-Up*2016 Tesla EV

Extended Range Electric Vehicles2010 Chevy Volt Extended Range

Plug-in Hybrid VehiclesFisker Karma S Plug-in Hybrid 2010 Toyota Plug-in Hybrid 2011 BYD F3DM Plug-in Hybrid2012 Bright Automotive IDEA Plug-in Hybrid2012 Ford Plug-in Hybrid2012 Volvo Plug-in Hybrid

PJM©200913

Vehicle Economic ChargingAssumptions• 1,000,000 PEV Vehicles by 2015•~18% of U. S. Population is within the PJM territory• ~ 180,000 PEV Vehicles in the PJM Territory• ~ 33** Miles traveled per vehicle per day• ~ Average vehicle fuel usage: 22** mpg• ~ No tax compensation

Daily cost per PEV Vehicle Gasoline: 33 miles/day * $3.00 /gal // 22 miles/gal = $4.50Electric: 33 miles/day * $.07 / kWh // 4 miles/kWh = $0.60

Annual cost/savings Cost: Gasoline: 365 days * $4.50 /day = $1650 Electric: 365 days * $0.60 /day = $220 Savings: ~ $1400 annually per vehicle 180,000 vehicles (within PJM) = ~ $250,000,000 annual

** U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics

PJM©200914

Load (MW x 1000)

Hour of Day7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

120

110

100

90

Vehicle Charging Impact on PJM

1 3 5

80

60

20

40

Capacity for 25+ million PEVs

Charging Energy180,000 PEV Vehicles * 33 miles // 4 miles/ kWh = ~ 1500 MWh

~ 500 additional MW over 3 valley hours

PJM©20091514th July 2010

Electric MobilityAn opportunity for efficiency

Demand Side Management Department

PJM©200916

16

In the Spanish system, more than 6.5 M full EV could be charged without any additional investment in generation and transmission.

The electric vehicle as an opportunity for the system operation


Fleets are of particular interest• Typically well established, consistent routes• Return to same location for long term parking

Controlled infrastructure costs Parked for 10-12 hours in low electric load periods

• Electric vehicle promotion

Fleet Vehicles


22,000 Vehicle Fleet in United StatesAverage ~100 miles per day


218,000 Vehicles in United StatesAverage ~18 miles per dayMPG = ~10Parked 12 hours at same locationGreat public visibility


480,000 Vehicles in United StatesAverage ~66 miles per dayMPG = ~7Parked 12 hours at same locationParked for 3 monthsGreat public visibility

PJM©200921

Load in GW

Hour of Day

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

120

110

100

90

80

60

20

40

Regulation

Grid Benefits – Frequency Regulation

PJM©200922

AES Grid-Scale Energy Storage System

Operational Details• Altairnano, Inc – Lithium Ion nano titanate battery

• Energy: 300 kWh• Efficiency: 90% round trip

• Power: 1 MW for 15 minutes • Usable Charge Range: 5% - 99%

www.pjm.com

PJM©200923

GridSignal Frequency Regulation Signal

Aggregator

1.015 MW

Frequency Regulation ─ “Cash Back” for Vehicles

$700/day1 MW

$6/day0.015 MW

www.pjm.com

1.075 MW$30/day0.075 MW

pjm©2009 council of state government’s 50 th annual meeting ev infrastructure ken huber pjm...

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