vehicle communication networkc0%cc%bb%f... · 2012-03-20 · e-call/acn v2i/v2v communication....

Ubiquitous Communication Research LAB

Vehicle Communication Network

Sang-Sun Lee

Hanyang University

Ubiquitous Communications

Research Lab.

2007. 06. 29

Ubiquitous Communication Research LAB 1

IEEE 802.11p WAVE IEEE 802.11p WAVE

INDEX

V2I/V2V Communication 개요V2I/V2V Communication 개요

V2V Communication Network Issues V2V Communication Network Issues

Vehicle Communication NetworksVehicle Communication Networks

ISO TC204 WG 16 CALMISO TC204 WG 16 CALM

C2C-CC(Car-to-Car Communication Consortium)C2C-CC(Car-to-Car Communication Consortium)

Related Domestic Projects & StandardizationRelated Domestic Projects & Standardization


V2I/V2V Communication 개요V2I/V2V Communication 개요


Integrated V2I/V2V Communications

V2I/V2V Communication


Examples of V2I/V2V Applications

Information Distribution from infrastructure (V2I)

Emergency Information Distribution (support active safety)

4



Examples of V2I Service ; WISDOM

GPS

Cellular Network

Data Collection

RF DSRC IR DSRC Mobile

Information Provision

RF DSRCDAB/DMBIR DSRCVDS DAB, DMB

운영(신호제어)신호교차로 운영효율성 최적화 신호제어

-버스 및 응급차량제어-차량군제어-주행속도제어

정보(정보수집제공)정보수집 및 제공 장치로 운영

-개별차량 정보제공-지역정보제공-지역제어기 정보를 교통정보센터에

제공

안전(사고방지)신호교차로 추돌 및 충돌사고 방지 제어

-교차로 진입경고 및 제어-신호위반 단속 시스템 연계제 어-비신호 교차로 진입제어 및 경고장치



• Radar FOV

5.9GHz DSRCmessages

Vehicle A

Vehicle B

Examples of V2V Service : VII

교차로 충돌 방지 및 경보 시스템

경고 수신 및 차량 자동 제어

신호 및 비 신호 교차로에서 사고 예방

주행 안내 정보 제공

인물적 손실 감소



유럽의 사례_KBS News

7


V2I+V2V Cooperation

Multi-hop Ad-Hoc

Local Peer-Group Ad-Hoc

8



Telematics/ITS Project 개발 동향

USA VII

VSCCICAS

AHSRAAVS3

Japan

Telematics/ITS

CVISGST

EASIS

Prevent

CarTALK2000 COOPERSSafespot

eSafetySupport

SEVECOM

European Project

Standardization

ISO

IEEECEN ETSI

FrequencyRegulation

ITUCEPT

NationalProjects

AIDA

Invent

INFONEBBIAFleetNet

NOW

Stakeholders

InsuranceSuppl.

Veh.ManufTelco

Road

Legislation

States

Member

eSafetyFORUM

C2C-CC

COMeSafety

Korea CVHSUTISAVI/ERI

WISDOMe-Call/ACN



Vehicle Communication NetworksVehicle Communication Networks


ISO TC204 WG 16 : CALM 특징

광역 중장거리 통신

CALM (Continuous Air interfaces-Long and Medium ranges)

서비스 중심의 광역 ITS 통신

다양한 무선통신 기술 접속 (Cellular, Microwave, IR 등)

Continuous, Multipoint 통신 (Handover, Roaming)

IPv6 Mobile 무선통신 (Internet 접속)

Vehicle to Vehicle Communication

ISO TC204 WG16 :미국, 영국,독일,오스트리아, 노르웨이, 캐나다, 남

아프리카공화국, 한국, 일본, 중국, 인도, 말레이지아 등이 주요 참가국으

로 약 30명의 위원이 활동 중

CALMCALM(Communication, Air Interface, Long and Medium Range)(Communication, Air Interface, Long and Medium Range)


Some Examples of CALM Air Interfaces

12

Hot-Spot(Wireless LAN)

Terrestrial BroadcastRDS, DAB

UMTS WiMAX

Beacon

ALM-M5

EN-DSRC

ALM-IR

GPS, Galileo

Info-Broadcaster

BroadcastTransmitter

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (M5, IR, MM)

GSM-GPRS

Sat-Comm

PDA,SmartPhone

V2I

V2V


ISO TC204 WG 16 : 구성


CALM e-Call

CALM-ACN

SWG 16.0CALM Architecture

CALM Medium- Cellular/M5/IR/MM

CALM Interface Mgnt.CALM MAILCALM V2VCALM WBB

SWG 16.1 SWG 16.2

CALM Network- Connectivity

• Internet• Direct Mode

- Protocol Mgnt.CALM LL-SAPs

SWG 16.3

Vehicle Probe Data

Privacy

Probe Data Reporting Mgnt.

CALM App. Mgnt.

SWG 16.4SWG 16.5


IMEInterface Manager

ISO 24102

NMENetworkManager

ISO 21210

CMECALM

Manager

ISO 21210

NETWORK INTERFACERouting and Media Switching based on IPv6

ISO 21210

Non-CALM-awareISO 15628-basedAPPLICATIONS

Convergence LayerPart of ISO 15628

ISO 21210

CALM-AwareAPPLICATIONS

TCP/UDP/…INTERNET

STANDARDSSAP

SAP SAP

SAP

SAP

SAP

SAP

Non-CALM-awareIP (Internet)

APPLICATIONS

Convergence LayerIP socket/ISO 21210

SAPSAP

SAP

CALM Media External Media

ApplicationManagementISO 24101

…

GPR

S

ED

GE

2G CellManager

ISO 21212ISO 21218

SAP

CALM Network 21218 = LSAP

SAP

Applications

SAP

…

cdma

2k

UM

TS

3G CellManager

ISO 21213ISO 21218

SAP

… IR-B

IR-A

ISO 21214IR

Manager

ISO 21218

… WiFi

M5

ISO 21215W-LAN

Manager

SAP

ISO 21218

RA

DA

R

MM

-J

MM

-EISO 21216MillimeterManager

SAP

ISO 21218

K-D

SRC

J-DSR

C

C-D

SRC

DSRC ISO15628

ISO 24103

SAP

ISO 21218

…

HC

-SDM

A

WiM

AX

ISO 24xxxW-MANManager

SAP

ISO 21218

… DA

B

GPS

ISO 24xxxBroadcastManager

SAP

ISO 21218

…

W-U

SB

BlueT

ISO 24xxxPAN

Manager

SAP

ISO 21218

Ether

AM

IC

CA

N

ISO 24xxxWired

Manager

SAP

ISO 21218

SAPSAPSAP

CME

Registration ofIngress/Egress

InterfacesSAP

SAP SAPData SAP Management SAP


ISO TC204 WG 16 : CALM Architecture

SWG 16.0


In-Vehicle App

Sensors and Control

ITS In-Vehicle Network In-vehicle OEM network

Central Router

CALMNetworkLayer 3-4

Routing

Firewall

Network OEM

G/W

ITS Application

Layer 5-7

CALM NetworkLayer 3-4

ComputerINTERNETSERVICE

Layer 5-7

CALM NetworkLayer 3-4

Computer

CALM M5 PHY

CALM MAC

CALM LLC

NetworkLayer 3-4

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

CALM MR

NetworkLayer 3-4

RoutingCALM

NetworkLayer 3-4

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

IVN DLL

IVN PHY

Directoryservices

SAP SAP

CME.OBU

IME.MRMLMEPLCP/PLME

SAP

SAP

CME.CM

NME

SAPSAP

CELL Netw

CELL DLL

CellularPHY

ConvergencN-Layer

CALMNetworkLayer 3-4

RoutingCME.MR

SAP

NME.MR

SAPSAP

ConvergenceConvergence

Convergence

Convergence

NME.CM

IME.CM

IME.MR


SWG 16.0

ISO TC204 WG 16 : Full Vehicle Architecture


Scenario 0 (out of focus)

Scenario 2 (without Media switching)

Scenario 1 (without Internet access)

Scenario 3 (with Media switching)

Server

Not IP

• Single media• Running car

Server

IPv6

• Single media• Running car

IPv6

• Single media• Running car with large range communication media• Parking car• Car requests to server

InternetInternetServer

IPv6

• Multiple Media• Both of running car and parking car• Both directional communication



SWG 16.2

ISO TC204 WG 16 : CALM Network



ISO TC204 WG 16 : CALM Network

Scenario 4 (out of scope network protocol)

Scenario 6 (with Internet access)

Scenario 5 (without Internet access)

Scenario 7 (with Internet access)

Non IP

• Single media• Single hop• Running car

IPv6

• Single media• Multi hop• IPv6 Link local• Running car

IPv6

• Single media• Running car with large range communication media• Parking car• Car requests to server• Multi hop• Dynamic Global IPv6 address


IPv6

• Multiple Media• Both of running car and parking car• Both directional communication• Static assigned global IPv6 address


Non IP

IPv6

Can be switched

SWG 16.2


Unless the driver directs otherwise, the ACN centre calls the

PSAP that covers this vehicle’s location

Data sent to an ACN centre

LSP

PSAPsemergency services

LSP receives the message with the

vehicle’s position, and routes it to the ACN

call centre

Assistance dispatched by the authorities to the location of the vehicle

ACN centre

wireline data

voice

wireless data

2

3

4

5

Additional data from the vehicle

manufacturer (where available)

Vehicle systems dial 112/911 from all mobile phones recognized in the

vehicle, passing the vehicle’s position

1b

In-vehicledevice sends an

ACN data message

1a

wirelesscarrier


SWG 16.5

ISO TC204 WG 16 : e-Call & ACN


WAVE 특징

Max. Speed : 200Km/H

1000 m range must support 1 Mbps

Approach : Active

Bandwidth : 75 MHz (5.850 - 5.925 GHz)

Modulation : QPSK OFDM

(with 16QAM and 64QAM options) (BPSK preamble)

Channels : 7EA 10 MHz channels

Data Rate :

10 MHz Channels : 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 27 Mbps

20 MHz Channels : 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps

Max Tx Pwr : 28.8 dBm (at the antenna input)

RSU and OBU Sensitivity :

- 82 dBm (QPSK) / - 65 dBm (64QAM)

WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicle Environments)WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicle Environments)


WAVE Architecture



WAVE CHANNELS

*참조 : DSRC/WAVE Implementation Workshop, December 7 & 8, 2005, Hosted by ARINC



WAVE Basic Service Sets

WAVE service 1

RSU 1

RSU 2

OBU 2

OBU 1

Roadway

Roadway

WBSS 1

WBSS 2WBSS 3

OBU 4 OBU 5

OBU 3



Connecting OBUs to Wide-Area Networks

WAVE service 2

RSU 2

RSU 1

OBU 4

OBU 2

Roadway

Roadway

WBSS 2

WBSS 1

WBSS 3

OBU 5 OBU 6

OBU 7OBU 8OBU 9

WAN

Portal 1

Portal 3

OBU 1

OBU 3

RSU 3

WAN

Portal 2



WAVE System Operations

Operation without a WBSS

Data exchanges without a WBSS may only use WSMP

on the CCH

Operation with a WBSS

A WBSS consists of time and frequency (channel)

resources, at some set of participating devices within

communication range, allocated to support one or

more applications. The WBSS is initiated at the

request of the application at one device (the provider),

and announced on the CCH.



WSMP(WAVE Short Message Protocol)

WAVE Architecture (IEEE 1609.3; Networking Service)1609.3



Overview of C2C-C ConsortiumIndustrial consortium (mostly) comprised of car manufacturers and

electronics suppliers operating in Europe

Primary goal: Defining a European standard for vehicular

communication

Aims at harmonizing with other bodies (e.g. ISO) to build an

European infrastructure for ITS applications

C2C-CC Handbook to be published by mid-2007

26

C2C-Communication Consortium


Unit Architecture and C2C-CC WGs



C2C-CC and WAVE

Based on a slightly modified 802.11p

Safety requirements have lead to a specific

protocol stack offering:

Geographic packet distribution (Geocast)

Information-centric forwarding (data aggregation)

Cross-layer congestion control

Specific security/privacy features

C2C Network Layer: Implements a

position-based ad hoc routing protocol

using GPS position (semi-reactive, on the

fly forwarding)

IPv6 layer on top of C2C Network Layer

resulting in:

2.5 layer providing ad hoc routing

IPv6 layer not aware of ad hoc routing (single

logical link)

28



CALM M5: C2C-CC & WAVE

Geoaddressedapplications

(e.g. active safety)

IPv6

TCP / UDP

IP Applications (Deployment)

C2C-CC Network Layer

PHY (IEEE 802.11p)

LLC/MAC (IEEE 802.11p)

B

A C

WSMP

B

C2C MAC P1609.4

WAVE Short Message Apps

29



Scenario of C2C-CC (VANET)

Special kinds of MANETs, supporting both safety and non-safety applications

Single, short-range dedicated technology (802.11p draft) in basic systems

Additional technologies (especially 802.11) in extended systems

Peculiarities:

High mobility

High number of nodes

Costs restrictions to allow for highdeployability

Internet-based applications

Beneficial for safety purposes

Fundamental for non-safety purposes

30



Scenario of C2C-CC (NEMO)NEMO to be used for non-critical safety applications and for infotainment. Main use cases:

Notification Services (traffic, weather, news)

Peer-to-peer applications (messaging, VoIP, file transfer)

Upload/Download services (maps, travel info, software updates, Internet)

NEMO not supported by every car

NEMO runs on top of the C2C Network Layer and is not aware of the ad hoc network

Advantages: Clean separation of roles reduces design complexity and requirements

Drawbacks: Additional C2C header increases overhead (European 802.11p frame TBD)

Performance and scalability proven by simulation and tests with prototypes.Measurements in Field Operation Tests (FoT) already planned

31



V2V Communication Network IssuesV2V Communication Network Issues


Issues of V2V protocols

Mobility

Highly dynamic, hence An on-going session suffers frequent path

breaks

Bandwidth Constraint

Use the Bandwidth optimally by keeping the overhead as low as

possible

Error-Prone Shared Radio Channel

Find paths with less congestion

Hidden and Exposed Terminal problem

Analysis for Vehicle Communication NetworksAnalysis for Vehicle Communication Networks


MAC Protocols for Ad HocWireless Networks

Contention-BasedProtocols

Contention-BasedProtocols with

Reservation Mechanisms

Contention-BasedProtocols with

Scheduling Mechanisms

Other MACProtocols

AsynchronousProtocols

SynchronousProtocols

Receiver-initiatedProtocols

Sender-initiatedProtocols

Multi-ChannelProtocols

Single-ChannelProtocols

MACAMACAWFAMA

BTMADBTMAICSMA

RI-BTMAMACA-BIMARCH

D-PRMACATAHRMASRMA/PAFPRP

MACA/PRRTMAC

DPSDWOPDLPS

MMACMCSMAPCMRBAR

Classification of Ad-hoc MAC Protocols


with RTS/CTS

no RTS/CTS

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1800000

2000000

0 60 120 180 240상대속도(Km/h)

Throu

ghpu

t(bits

/s)

MAC protocol Analysis for vehicle Ad-Hoc

상대 속도 0, 60, 120, 180, 240Km/h

그룹 이동 차량의 Ad-hoc 통신에서 상

대 속도에 따라 MAC throughput에 많

은 성능 차이를 보임

토프로지 변화가 심한 차량 환경에 적합

한 MAC 알고리즘 구현이 필요함


same

same


Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc

Wireless Networks

Based onRouting InformationUpdate Mechanism

Based onthe Use of Temporal

Information for Routing

Based on TopologyInformation Organization

MiscellaneousClassifications Based on

Utilization of specific Resource

Path SelectionUsing Prediction

Path SelectionUsing

Past HistoryHybridTable-Driven

(Proactive)

DSDVWRPCGSRSTAROLSRFSRHSRGSR

DSRAODVABRSSAFORPPLBR

CEDARZRPZHLS

DSDVWRPSTARDSRAODVFSRHSRGSR

FORPRABRLBR

DSRAODVABRSSAFORPPLBR

CGSRFSRHSR

On-Demand(Reactive)

HierarchicalRouting

Flat Routing

Routing with

EfficientFlooding

Power-AwareRouting

Routing UsingGeographicalInformation

PAR LAR

On-Demand

Table-Driven

OLSR PLBR

Classification of Ad-hoc Routing Protocols


0

20

40

60

80

100

30km/h 60km/h 90km/h 120km/h 150km/h

(%)

AODV DSR STAR ZRP

Routing protocol Analysis for vehicle Ad-Hoc

High-mobility Ad hoc에서 성능 향상을

위해 overhead를 줄이고 빠른 경로 설정

을 할 수 있는 라우팅 프로토콜이 요구됨

기존의 라우팅 프로토콜 중에서는 on-

demand 방식이 다른 방식보다 우수하

나, V2V 환경 및 응용 서비스에 적합한

라우팅 알고리즘의 설계가 요구됨

상대 속도 30km, 60km, 90km, 120km, 150Km/h


Accident warning1 repeat :Accident warning


Services/Projects/StandardizationServices/Projects/Standardization


국내의 Services & Project

CVHS (Cooperative Vehicle Highway System)

WISDOM

WISDOM - Wireless Interface Signal control system for Dynamic

and Optimal Management

무선통신 차량검지기를 이용하여 실시간으로 신호 제어, 안전 확보 및 정보 제공

디지털운행기록계

차량자동인식(AVI) 및 전자등록인식(ERI) 시스템

블랙박스 기반 긴급구난 서비스

e-call

ACN 서비스

U-Traffic 관련 서비스

UTIS (Urban Traffic Information System)


국내의 관련 표준화 동향DSRC

TTA

ASK -> QPSK 수렴 과제

ASK/OFDM 호환문제 등이 검증되지 않아 TTA에서 작업반

구성하여 기술적 검토 중

WAVE

ETRI

무선통신통합기술과 관련해서는 셀룰러와 DMB, 무선랜,

진보된 근거리무선통신(ADSRC)과 같은 기술을 통합해 활용할 수 있도록 할 계획

5.8㎓대역에서 10㎒대역폭의 고속 패킷 서비스를 제공하며

핸드오버가 가능한 규격을 만들고 국제 표준화할 계획

TTA

전파방송 기술위원회 (TC3) PG310 - ITS/Telematics를 위한 광대역 무선 LAN 표준 연구

CALM

경찰청-UTIS

ITS용 자가망 무선통신 시스템

DSRC의 진보된 중장거리 고속무선통신인 CALM을 기본 개념으로 함

최대 180Km/h의 이동성 보장

실시간 교통정보를 수집/제공할 수 있으며 기타 부가통신이 가능


Q & A

감사합니다!

vehicle communication networkc0%cc%bb%f... · 2012-03-20 · e-call/acn v2i/v2v communication....

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