early republic jackson and sectionalism causes of the civil war the civil war reconstruction (part...

Early Republic

Jackson and Sectionalism

Causes of the Civil War

The Civil War

Reconstruction (Part I)

Reconstruction Part II

Misc.

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Unit Two: Testing American Government

As a result of differing interpretations over the

Constitution and the power of the national government, what

organizations formed during the Early Republic Era?

Political Parties

1. This interpretation of the Constitution says that the

national government can ONLY do what is stated.

2. This interpretation of the Constitution says that the national government has

“implied” powers that go beyond what is written down.

1. Strict interpretation

2. Loose interpretation

This political party was in favor of a loose interpretation of the

Constitution and was successful in arguing the elastic clause gives

the government the power to create a national bank

Federalist Party

1. The Democrat-Republicans were led by what famous

man?

2. This famous man had a strict interpretation of the Constitution but needed to

change his beliefs to go through with what huge

purchase?

1. Thomas Jefferson

2. Louisiana Purchase

Give TWO examples of how national power increased during

the Early Republic Era

Hamilton’s Financial Plan (creation of a national bank)

Whiskey RebellionAlien & Sedition Acts

Louisiana Purchase

The name of the movement that led to the expansion of the right to vote for all white men and the “democratization” of

American government

Jacksonian Democracy

This barrier was eliminated as a qualification for voting

during the Age of Jackson which allowed all white men to

vote.

Property ownership

The system where Andrew Jackson gave government jobs

to people who voted for or supported him

Spoils System

1. The idea that a state has a right to determine what is

constitutional and can strike down a federal law.

2. What law did South Carolina strike down?

Nullification

Tariff of “Abominations”

Andrew Jackson was named “King Andrew” for using the veto power to kill what very

powerful economic institution, arguing that it existed only to

benefit the rich?

The Second Bank of the United States

In the song “Bonnie Blue Flag,” the chorus states,

“Hurrah, hurrah, for southern rights, hurrah.” What is the

South fighting for?

State’s Rights

This idea, proposed by Senator Stephen Douglass, allowed

settlers of a territory to vote on whether it would be free or

slave.

Popular Sovereignty

The theory that a state can break away or “leave” the

federal government

Secession

This event caused South Carolina to secede from the

Union

Election of Abraham Lincoln in November of 1860

The Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott v. Sanford that a slave was property. How did

this decision overturn the Missouri Compromise?

Slavery cannot be restricted from any state because the government cannot seize a

person’s property without due process of law (5th

amendment).

In his First Inaugural Address, Lincoln pledged to do what with regard to slavery? Also

the official position of the Republican Party on slavery.

Not interfere with it where it existed but prevent its expansion into western

territories (“containment”)

Battle that marked the turning Point of

the Civil War

Gettysburg

Famous speech in which Lincoln declared the Civil War

was being fought for a “new birth of freedom:” freedom for

the slaves

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln suspended this right during the Civil War claiming

it was necessary for prosecuting the war

Writ of habeas corpus

This document freed the slaves in only certain areas. Name the document and the areas where the slaves were free.

Emancipation Proclamation

Any area that was still in open rebellion against the United

States government (unconquered Confederate

states)

Congressional Reconstruction was led by this political group who was determined to extend

civil rights to blacks

Radical Republicans

This Reconstruction plan sought to bring the states in

easily by having 10% of each state’s citizens take a loyalty oath and agreeing to abolish

slavery

Presidential Reconstruction

This amendment, passed under Congressional

Reconstruction, gave African-Americans the right to vote

15th Amendment

Laws passed by Southern state legislatures in order to

“control” the movement and economic opportunities of

African-Americans

Black Codes

The 14th Amendment did TWO very important things.

Name them.

1. Strengthened the power of the federal government over

the states 2. Made discrimination based

on race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. illegal

The economic system where most free blacks and many

whites “rented” land and sold a portion of the crops to the

landlord

Sharecropping

These laws segregated the white and black race in the

South

Jim Crow laws

Terrorist organization that used violence to prevent blacks

from voting and receiving other civil rights

Ku Klux Klan

This court case established that segregation was protected

by the 14th amendment so long as the facilities were

“equal”

Plessy v. Ferguson

Explain how the Supreme Court justified their decision

that segregation was constitution

The 14th amendment calls for the “equal protection of the

law”

– separate facilities can exist so long as they are equal.

This compromise admitted California as a free state which gave free states an advantage

in the Senate but also included a tough fugitive slave law that

made anyone who did not return a runaway slave eligible

for arrest.

Compromise of 1850

The federal government passed protective tariffs

during the Jackson administration in order to…

Protect Northern factories from cheap British goods

This man’s violent attempt to destroy slavery was responsible for convincing the South that slavery

was not safe in the Union and therefore they must secede.

John Brown (raid on Harper’s Ferry)

This compromise maintained the balance of power in the

Senate by admitting one territory as a slave state,

another as a free state, and drawing a line along the 36’30 parallel to decide the status of

slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory.

Missouri Compromise

As a result of the Civil War and Reconstruction, this key

idea or principle that the Founding Fathers

incorporated into the Constitution began to slowly die. You must also be able to

explain your answer.

Federalism: dividing power between the state and national

governments.