matter matter- anything that has mass and takes up space
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Mattermatter- anything that has mass and takes up space.
Properties of Matter1) physical properties- characteristics of a
substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
melting pointboiling point
densityconductivity
color
taste
smellhardness
lustertexture
2) chemical properties- characteristics of a substance that describe its ability to change into different substances.
Properties of Matter
ability to burn rusting tarnishing
reacting with acids or bases
Types of Matter1) element- a pure substance that cannot
be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.
HHydroge
n
Pb
UO AuFeOxygen Iron Gold Lea
dUranium
atom- the basic particle from which all elements are made.
2) compound- a pure substance that is made of two or more elements in a set ratio.
H20water
CO2carbon
dioxide
C6H12O6
glucose
Fe2O3
iron oxide (rust)
chemical formula- shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms.
3) mixture- made of two or more substances (elements, compounds, etc.) that are not chemically combined.
dirt airclay, sand, organic material
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
saladlettuce,
spinach, carrots, anchovies
brasscopper, zinc
a) heterogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances can be seen.
b) homogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances cannot be seen.
Measuring Matter
weight- the gravitational pull on an object.
mass- the amount of matter in an object.
weight can change with location, but mass remains the same.
mass = 50 kg
weight = 490 N
mass = 50 kg
weight = 0 N
volume- the amount of space matter takes up.
can be measured in cm3 or mL
density- the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume.
Density =
massvolume
D =m
Vmeasured in grams/cubic centimeter(gm/cm3) or grams/milliliter (gm/mL)
Changes in Matter1) physical changes- a change that alters the
form or appearance of a substance without changing it into another substance.
melting
freezing
boiling
evaporating
2) chemical changes- occurs when bonds break between atoms and form new substances.
Changes in Matter
synthesis decomposition
burning oxidation
chemical changes occur as a result of a chemical reaction!
Law of Conservation of Mass
states that:the total mass during a chemical or
physical change remains constant
or
mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical change.
Energy & Changes in Matter
energy- the ability to do work or cause change.
thermal energy- the total energy of all the particles in an object.
temperature- the measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.
High temperature
Low temperature
Types of Chemical Changes
endothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed; feels cold.
exothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is released; feels hot.
Types of Energy
1) kinetic energy- the energy of matter in motion.
2) potential energy- the energy of an object’s position; the stored energy of an object
3) Chemical energy- a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
4) Electromagnetic energy- a form of energy that travels through space as waves.
5) electrical energy- the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another.
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